The small species of Belostoma (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae): Revision of plebejum group

Ana Lía Estévez¹ & John T. Polhemus²

Received 10-X-2005. Corrected 10-III-2006. Accepted 23-V-2006.

Abstract: Nieser gathered the water bug species included by Lauck in the groups Belostoma pygmeum and Belostoma plebejum in a single group, Belostoma plebejum. We follow this criterion and use the terminology used by Estévez and Polhemus for species descriptions. The Belostoma plebejum group includes seven small species with the ventral diverticulum of male genitalia recurved ventrad: Belostoma lariversi De Carlo, 1969;

B. micantulum (Stål, 1858); B. plebejum (Stål, 1858); B. pygmeum (Dufour, 1863); B. minusculum (Uhler, 1884). B. parvum sp. nov. from Venezuela, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname and Brazil, and B. nicaeum sp. nov. from Manaus, Brazil. The two new species are described and illustrated, and new synonymies are proposed. Rev. Biol. Trop. 55 (1): 147-155. Epub 2007 March. 31.

Key words: Neotropical, taxonomy, Belostoma, small species, plebejum group.

Lauck (1962) included the small water bug species that have a ventroapical protuberance in the ventral diverticulum of male genitalia, in the Belostoma plebejum group, and the species with the ventral diverticulum with thickened lateral margins in the Belostoma pygmeum group. This author distinguished the groups within a key, but did not fully describe the species. Nieser (1975) considered that the margins of male genitalia’s ventral diverticulum thickened represent a specialization of some species in the Belostoma pygmeum group and he included the species from both groups proposed by Lauck (1962) in a single group, Belostoma plebejum. Herein Nieser’s criteria is followed, we consider that the main characteristic of the species in this group is having the ventral diverticulum of male genitalia recurved ventrad. We make the revision of seven species recognized for the B. plebejum group, from which two are herein described as new synonymies are proposed.

The examined material was borrowed from the following institutions: California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA (CAS); John T. Polhemus Collection, Denver, USA (JTPC); Los Angeles County Museum, Los Angeles, USA (LACM); Francis Huntington Snow Entomological Collections, Kansas University, Lawrence, USA (KU); National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C., USA (USNM); University of Arizona, Tucson, USA (UA); Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "B. Rivadavia", Buenos Aires, Argentina (MACN); Museo de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina. (MLP).

Belostoma plebejum group

Size: length, 9.5-16.2 mm; width, 5.0-7.0 new, and mm. Shape: ovate. Color: light to dark brown.

Head: suturae anteclypeus-maxillary plate as long as suturae anteclypeus lorum; anteoculus shorter than interoculus; eyes globose, as wide as long; segment I of the beak shorter or as long as segment II. Thorax: prosternal keel rounded or with anterior margin straight.

Abdomen: pilosity covering less than half of ventral laterotergites, strongly constricted between spiracles, slightly developed on the penultimate visible segment.

Male genitalia: ventral diverticulum recurved ventrad.

Belostoma parvum sp. nov.

(Fig. 1-3, 22-25)

Size: length, 9.50 mm-10.70 mm, 9.60 mm-11.10 mm; width, 4.60 mm-5.50 mm, 4.80 mm-5.90 mm. Color: yellowish brown. Shape: elliptical (Fig. 1).

Head: suture anteclypeus-maxilary plate and 57 as long as suture anteclypeus-lorum; anteoculus shorter than interoculus; eyes globose, as wide as long (Fig. 2); segment I of the beak shorter than II (Fig. 3). Thorax: prosternal keel rounded, not prominent (Fig. 3). Abdomen: pilosity developed on the penultimate segment, reaching the external margin (Fig. 22).

Male genitalia: arms of phalobase short, covering the external margin of ventral diver ticulum; ventral diverticulum recurved ventrad (Fig. 23-25).

Remarks. This is the smallest species in the genus.

Distribution. Surinam, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia and Brazil.

Types. Holotype , allotype and 57 paratypes (36 and 21 ) from Guyana, bearing the label "British Guiana, Suppuruni Creek, Aug. 20,1937, S. Harris" (JTPC).

Etymology: the name refers to the small size of these insects.

Specimens examined. SURINAM, Moengo, 1927 . (JTPC). GUYANA, Supuruni Creek, . 1937, Harris coll. (JTPC). VENEZUELA, Portuguesa: Guanare, . IX-1957, Menke coll. (CAS). COLOMBIA, Amazonas: Leticia, , 1974. Sedlacek coll. (JTPC). BRAZIL. Santarem, (LACM). idem (JTPC).

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Belostoma lariversi De Carlo

(Fig. 4-6, 26-29)

Belostoma lariversi De Carlo, 1960: 50-52, Fig. 7-99, 16. Lanzer- de -Souza, 1980: 58.

Size: length, 15.00 mm-17.00 mm; width, 7.00 mm-7.50 mm. Color: yellowish brown. Shape: ovoid (Fig. 4).

Head: suture anteclypeus-maxilary plate as long as suture anteclypeus-lorum; anteoculus shorter than interoculus; eyes globose, as wide as long (Fig. 5); segment I of the beak shorter than II (Fig. 6). Thorax: prosternal keel rounded, not prominent (Fig. 6). Abdomen: pilosity slightly developed on the penultimate segment (Fig. 26).

Male genitalia: arms of phalobase short, not covering the external margin of ventral diverticulum; ventral diverticulum recurved ventrad, margins thickened (Fig. 27-29).

Remarks. This species is similar in shape to B. micantulum but male genitalia has lateral margins of ventral diverticulum thickened.

Distribution. From the Type locality Pan de Azúcar, Depts.Pasco and Huanuco, Cucharas. (Peru).

Types. Holotype , allotype and 4 paratypes (and 3 ) deposited in USNM in C.J. Drake Collection, bearing label "Peru, Cucharas, VIII-1954. (Cucharas, Fuallago)" and "Peru, Cucharas, leg. P.L.W., Vi-1954 Cucharas, Pacaya". We have examined two paratypes () from the type locality deposited in MACN. Specimens examined. PERU, Pasco: Pan de Azúcar, VIII-1961, Truxal coll. 35 , 28 . (LACM). Huanuco: Tingo Maria, 17 , 10 , VI. 1982, Challet coll. (LACM). Rio Marañón, IV.1924, Basler coll. (JTPC).

Belostoma micantulum (Stål)

(Fig. 7-9, 30-33)

Zaitha micantula Stål, 1860: 84. Mayr, 1871: 420-421, (in part); Walker, 1873: 120, (in part); Berg, 1879: 190, (in part); Champion, 1901:366, (in part). Zaitha zelotypus White, 1879: 270. Belostoma micantulum: Kirkaldy & Torre Bueno, 1909: 191-192, (in part, = zelotypus); De Carlo, 1930: 119-120, (in part); 1938: 228, (in part); Nieser, 1975: 115; Schnack , 1976: 38; Lanzer-de-Souza, 1980: 59-60.

Belostoma husseyi De Carlo, 1960: 48, Fig. 2-6; Lanzer-de-Souza, 1980: 58. SYN. NOV. Belostoma apache: De Carlo, 1960: 53 (misidentification).

Size: length, 10.80 mm-13.70 mm, 10.70 mm-15.10 mm; width, 5.40 mm-6.80 mm, 5.20 mm-7.10 mm. Color: light to dark brown. Shape: elliptic (Fig. 7).

Head: suture anteclypeus-maxilary plate as long as suture anteclypeus-lorum; anteoculus shorter than interoculus; eyes globose, as wide as long (Fig. 8); segment I of the beak shorter than II (Fig. 9). Thorax: prosternal keel rounded, not prominent (Fig. 9). Abdomen: pilosity slightly developed on the penultimate segment, extending to the external margin of the laterotergite (Fig. 30).

Male genitalia: arms of phalobase covering the external margin of ventral diverticulum; ventral diverticulum with a deep depression in the mid dorsal line (Fig. 31-33).

Remarks. The accurate identification of this species is only possible through the male genitalia, because of its deep depression in the mid dorsal line of ventral diverticulum.

Distribution. Widely distributed in South America: Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia and Argentina.

Type. A male which is deposited in Stockholm Museum and bears the label: "Rio Jan." is herein designated as lectotype. Our lectotype label has been added.

Specimens examined. VENEZUELA, Barinas, Pte. Gen. Paez, Río Bocono, , IX.1965, B. Malkin coll. (CAS); San Esteban, 6 , 7 , XI. 1939, P. Anduze coll. (JTPC); Monagas, 60 km SE Maturín, 44 27 , 17. VI5. VII. 1958, Menke coll. (JTPC); Caracas, (USNM); COLOMBIA, Cuatro Bocas, , I.1959, (USNM); Amazonas, Leticia, , VI.1965, P. Craig-J.Robb coll. (CAS); BRAZIL, Rio Grande do Sul: Itahim, 4 , I.1947, Wygodzinsky (USNM). Goias: Sta. Isabel, Ilha do Bananal, Rio Araguaia, , VIII.1957, Malkin coll. (CAS); side Rio Araguaia, 3 km S Barra do Tapirapé, B.Malkin coll., , (CAS); Mato Grosso: Barra do Tapirapé, , XII.1962, B. Malkin (CAS); Porto Velho, Rio Tapirapé, 11.VII.1962, R.Pinheiro coll (CAS); Jacaré PN Xingu, 16 , XI.1965, Alvarenga coll. 17 , (LACM); 12

, 8 , XI.1961, Alvarenga coll. (LACM); 124 km S. Peixe, Go., 3 , 5 , VI.1956, Truxal coll. (LACM); 48 km S. Peixe, Go., 1 , VI.1956, Truxal coll. (LACM); 3 km S. Peixe, Go., 1 , VI.1956, Truxal coll (LACM); 34 km S. Amaro Leite, Go.,1 , V/1958, Truxal coll. (LACM); 20 km N. São João da Aliança, GO., , IV.1956, Truxal coll. (LACM); PARAGUAY, Sapucay, XII.1902, Heldemann coll. 3 , (CU). Primavera, , I.1956, A. Menke coll.. (LACM); Emboscada, , II.1954 , A. Menke coll. (LACM); Alto., , IX.1953, A. Menke coll. (LACM); Colonia Ferheim, Chaco, 19 , 10 , XI.1956, A. Menke coll. (LACM); Trinidad, , XII.1920, Jorgensen coll. (JTPC); Villarica, , IV.22.1950, Schade coll. (JTPC); BOLIVIA, Chapare, Río Chipiriri, 2 , 4 , XI.1953, W. Foerster coll. (JTPC); Espíritu, Río Yacuma, , VII.1950, W. Foerster coll. (JTPC); Santa cruz, Steinbach coll., 3 , (JTPC); ARGENTINA, Salta: Pocitos, , II.1952, A.Menke coll. (LACM); Orán, Aguas Blancas, , II.1960, Vollenweider coll. (LACM); Urundel, , X.1968, L.Peña coll. (JTPC); Tucumán: 4 , 6 , (MLP); Santiago del Estero: El Pinto, 5 , 1 , XI.1956, A. Menke coll. (LACM); Formosa: 6 , 5 , XII.1954, A. Menke coll. (LACM); Gran Guardia, 103 , 89 , XI.1952, A. Menke coll. (LACM); Gran Guardia, 12 , 8 , XI.1952, Foerster coll. (USNM); Guayacolec, 554 ,49 , XII.1956,

A. Menke coll. (LACM); Misiones: Apóstoles, 2 , 6 , II.1979 (UA); Apóstoles, 1 , IX.1979 (UA); Panambí, 12 , 5 , XII.1957, A.Menke coll. (LACM); Chaco: Resistencia, 3 , 6 , XI.1948, Martínez coll. (JTPC); Resistencia, 1 , 1 , 2.XII.1939, Birabén & Bezzi coll. (MLP); Pto. Barranqueras, 3 , 4 , 2.XII.1939, Birabén & Bezzi coll. (MLP); Corrientes: Paso de la Patria, 74 , 79 , XII.1954, Menke coll. (LACM); Santa Fe: Reconquista,

, 2 , 22.XII.1939, M. Parko leg. (MLP); Rosario, 9 , 17 , I.1925, A. Ligreski coll. (USNM); Esperanza, Reimoser coll., 1, (USNM); Santo Tomé, Río Salado, 6 , 8 , III.1971, Flint coll. (USNM); Villa Guillermina, , II.1959 (JTPC); Entre Ríos: La Paz, 12 , 10 , VII.1949, Foerster coll.(JTPC); Paraná, , 6 , III.1948, A. Menke coll. (LACM); Pronunciamiento, 23 , 27 , i/1964, (LACM); Puerto Marquez, 8 , 9 , VIII.1951, A. Menke coll. (LACM).

Belostoma nicaem sp. nov.

(Fig. 10-12, 34-37)

Size: length, 11.80 mm-13.10 mm, 11.40 mm-13.70 mm; width, 5.50 mm-6.00 mm,

Head: suture anteclypeus-maxilary plate as long as suture anteclypeus-lorum; anteoculus shorter than interoculus; eyes globose, as wide as long (Fig. 11); segment i of the beak shorter than ii (Fig. 12). Thorax: prosternal keel acute, projected anterad (Fig. 12).Abdomen: pilosity slightly developed on the penultimate segment (Fig. 34).

Male genitalia: arms of phalobase divergent, lateral margins of ventral diverticulum thickened (Fig. 35-37).

Remarks. This species is easily distinguished from the other species included in this group by the acute prosternal keel and the divergent arms of the phalobase.

Distribution. Only recorded from type locality. Type. Holotype , alotype and 15 paratypes (8 and 7 ), bearing the label "Brazil S.A., Aug. 1935, A. M. Olalla", "Rio

Negro, Manaus Region" (Manaus, Amazonas). Deposited in UK. Three paratypes (2

and ) in JTPC. Other specimens examined. BRAZIL, Rio Negro, Manaus Region, 11

 , 11, Aug. 1935, A. M. Olalla coll. (JTPC).

Etimology: the name refers to these specimens as to being nice.

Belostoma plebejum (Stål)

Zaitha plebeja Stål, 1858: 83-84. Mayr, 1863: 353-354; 1871: 418-420, (in part); Walker, 1873: 120 (in part); Montandon, 1895: 10. Zaitha micantula: Dufour, 1863: 391 (probably). Belostoma plebejum: Kirkaldy & Torre Bueno, 1909:192, (in part). Belostoma plebejum: De Carlo, 1930: 118-119, (in part); 1938: 227-228, (in part); Schnack, 1976:40,(part); Lanzer-de-Souza, 1980: 61-62 (part).

Size: length, 14.20 mm-15.90 mm, 13.70 mm-16.20 mm; width, 7.30 mm-7.60 mm,

 6.60 mm-7.60 mm. Color: yellowish brown to dark brown. Shape: elliptic (Fig. 13).

Head: suture anteclypeus-maxilary plate as long as suture anteclypeus-lorum;anteoculus shorter than interoculus; eyes globose,as wide as long (Fig. 14); segment i of the beak shorter than ii (Fig. 15). Thorax: prosternal keel prominent, with the anterior margin straight, projected anterad (Fig. 15). Abdomen: pilosity slightly developed on the penultimate segment (Fig. 38).

Male genitalia: arms of phalobase not covering the external margin of ventral diverticulum, ventral diverticulum with a deep depression on dorsal mid line, strongly recurved ventrad (Fig. 39-41).

Remarks. B. plebejum is similar in shape to B. micantulum, but the first mentioned species is more robust.

Distribution. This species are recorded from Peru, Bolivia, southern Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay.

Type. According with Lauck (1955) this species was described on a specimen labeled "Rio Jan., Typus, Stål", identified as B. plebejum; 42-45, B. pygmeum; 46-49, B. minusculum.

B. plebejum. deposited in Stockholm Museum, which we examined.. Specimens examined. PERU, Río Marañón, , IX.1924, Bassler coll. (JTPC); Quincemil, Peña coll., 2 (JTPC). BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro: D.F., Wygodzinsky coll., H, (JTPC); Lag. de Juturnaiba, Araruana, I.1977, Santos-Matos coll., , 4 (JTPC); 20 km São João da Aliança, Truxal coll. 2 , IV.1956 (LACM); São Carlos, Aguas Mineraes, 3 , 5 V/1957 (LACM); Rio S. Paulo km 47, 2 , I.1944, Wygodzinskky (USNM); Sta. Catarina: Nova Teutonia, 4 , VIII.1953, Plaumann (USNM); VIII.1932 to I.1933, Jhon Thaden, Holst coll. (JTPC); 27 11B 52 23 L, 3 , Plaumann coll. (LACM). PARAGUAY; Villarica, 8 , 7 , IX.19923, F.Scade coll. (JTPC); 1947, F.Schade coll. (JTPC); Alvobena, Srojoguasi, , XII.1926, F.Schade coll. (JTPC); ARGENTINA, Tucumán: , 9.III.1939 (MLP). Río Lules, , X.1932 (MLP): Santa Fe: Rosario. P. Denier col., (MLP); Entre Ríos: 2 , 2 , XII.1940 (MLP); Buenos Aires:Bosq coll. , (MLP). URUGUAY, Tacuarembó; Pta. Arroyo laureles,  , I.1954, F.N.C. (LACM).

(Fig. 16-18, 42-45)

Zaitha pygmea Dufour, 1863: 228; Mayr, 1871: 421-422; Walker, 1873: 180. Belostoma pygmeum: Kirkaldy & Torre Bueno, 1909: 192; Nieser, 1975: 118; Lanzer-de-Souza,1980: 62. Belostoma micantulum: De Carlo, 1930: 119120 (in part); De Carlo, 1938: 228 (in part). Belostoma menkei De Carlo, 1960: 52, Fig. 1013, 15; Lanzer-de-Souza, 1980:59. SYN. NOV.

Size: length, 10.50mm -12.00 mm, 10.50 mm-13.00 mm; width, 5.00 mm-5.50 mm,  4.50 mm-6.00 mm. Color: brown. Shape: elliptic, elongated (Fig. 16).

Head: suture anteclypeus-maxilary plate as long as suture anteclypeus-lorum; maxilary plate slightly compressed; anteoculus shorter than interoculus; eyes globose, as wide as long (Fig. 17); segment I of the beak as long as II (Fig. 18). Thorax: prosternal keel rounded, not prominent (Fig. 18). Abdomen: pilosity slightly developed on the penultimate segment (Fig. 42).

Male genitalia: arms of phalobase short, not covering the external margin of ventral diverticulum, lateral margins of ventral diverticulum recurved dorsad (Fig. 43-45).

Remarks. B. pygmeum is easily distinguished from the other members of this group for having the lateral margins of ventral diverticulum recurved dorsad.

Types and synonymy: we have studied the types and additional specimens identified as

B. menkei, which is synonymized with B. pygmeum, because the differences found among the examined material can be considered as individual variations.

Distribution. Río Paraguay basin in Peru, Paraguay, Bolivia and Brazil.

Type. We have examined the holotype of B. pygmeum labeled "Pondich. Coll. Signoret". it is deposited in VM and the holotype of B. menkei deposited in USNM.

Specimens examined. PERU, Vic. San Pedro, , V.1935, Woytkowski coll. (JTPC). Satipo, , (USNM); PARAGUAY, Centurión, Reimoser coll., 4 , 4 (USNM); San Luis, Reimoser coll. , 5 (USNM); Santa Sofía, Reimoser coll., (USNM); Molinasque, , X./1925, F.Schade coll. (JTPC); Horqueta, 2 , I.1927, Schulze & Drake coll. (LACM); 45 mi E, 10 , 14 , VII.1935, Schulze coll. (USNM); BOLIVIA, Santa Cruz: Nuflo de Chavez, 18 , 29 , XI.1963 (LACM); Del Sara, Steinbach, (LACM); Reyes, Beni River, 2 , XI.1956, L.Peña coll. (JTPC).

Belostoma minusculum (Uhler)

(Fig. 19-21, 46-49)

Zaitha minuscula Uhler, 1884: 258 (in part, only specimens from Nicaragua); Champion, 1901: 366 (in part). Belostoma micantulum: Torre Bueno, 1906: 55; Kirkaldy & Torre Bueno, 1909: 191-192 (in part); De Carlo, 1938: 228 (in part). Belostoma drake De Carlo, 1950: 530-531; 1960: 56, Fig. 20, 27-32. Lanzer-de-Souza, 1980: 54. SYN. NOV.

Size: length, 12.30 mm-14.00 mm, 11.50 mm-14.00 mm; width, 5.70 mm-6.70 mm,  5.60 mm-7.20 mm. Color: dark brown. Shape: ovoid (Fig. 19).

Head: suture anteclypeus-maxilary plate as long as suture anteclypeus-lorum; anteoculus shorter than interoculus; eyes globose, as wide as long (Fig. 20); segment I of the beak slightly shorter than II (Fig. 21). Thorax: prosternal keel rounded, prominent (Fig. 21). Abdomen: pilosity slightly developed on the penultimate segment (Fig. 46).

Male genitalia: arms of phalobase not covering the external margins of ventral diverticulum, ventral diverticulum with a deep depression on middle dorsal line, strongly recurved ventrad (Fig. 47- 49).

Remarks. Belostoma. minusculum is easily distinguished by having arms of phallobase not covering the lateral margins of ventral diverticulum, ventral diverticulum with a deep depression on the mid dorsal line.

Distribution. This species is recorded from Trinidad, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Panamá and Venezuela.

Nieser reunió las especies de chinches acuáticas incluidas por Lauck en los grupos Belostoma plebejum y Belostoma pygmeum en un solo grupo, Belostoma plebejum, criterio que se sigue en este trabajo. El grupo incluye siete especies pequeñas que presentan el divertículo ventral de los genitales masculinos recurvado ventrad: Belostoma

lariversi De Carlo, 1969; B. micantulum (Stål, 1858); B. plebejum (Stål, 1858); B. pygmeum (Dufour, 1863); B. minusculum (Uhler, 1884), las cuales se redescriben e ilustran y B. parvum registrada de Venezuela, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname y Brazil y B. nicaeum registrada de Manaus, Brasil. Las dos especies nuevas que se describen e ilustran.

Palabras claves: Neotropical, chinche acuática, taxonomía, Belostoma, especies pequeñas, grupo plebejum.

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