<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442006000400022</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efecto de la temperatura superficial y la salinidad en el reclutamiento del camarón rosado Farfantepenaeus duorarum (Decapoda: Penaeidae), en la Sonda de Campeche, Golfo de México]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arreguín-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lluch-Belda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,IPN Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Baja California Sur ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>1241</fpage>
<lpage>1245</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442006000400022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442006000400022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442006000400022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Impact of surface temperature and salinity on the recruiting of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum (Decapoda: Penaeidae), in Sonda de Campeche, Gulf of Mexico. We studied the long term effects of two environmental variables, salinity and surface temperature, on the pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus duorarum) population in the southern Gulf of Mexico, considering the relationship between recruiting and the concurrent shrimp stock depletion of the last two decades. Our data were collected from 1969 to 1991. Recruitment has been clearly declining, particularly in the 1970s, with an accentuated drop since the 1980s. Sea surface temperatures have steadily risen, particularly since 1972. The temperature difference between the mid 1970s and the late 1980s is 0.5 &deg;C. Salinity decreased throughout the period. From a long term perspective, recruitment is negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with salinity. The effects of temperature and salinity are statistically significant, explaining 52 % and 55 % of the variation in recruitment, respectively. Rev. Biol. Trop. 54 (4): 1241-1245. Epub 2006 Dec. 15]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Con el objetivo de evaluar los efectos a largo plazo de variables ambientales en la población de camarón rosado Farfantepenaeus duorarum en la Sonda de Campeche, al sur del Golfo de México, se analizaron los patrones de variación del reclutamiento, la salinidad y la temperatura superficial de 1969 a 1991. El reclutamiento muestra una clara tendencia decreciente desde la década de los años setenta, con una disminución acentuada desde los años ochenta. La temperatura superficial muestra una tendencia al aumento, particularmente desde 1972. La diferencia entre la temperatura a mediados de los setenta y finales de los ochenta fue de 0.5 &deg;C. A lo largo del periodo de estudio la salinidad disminuyó. En el largo plazo, el reclutamiento muestra correlación negativa con la temperatura superficial y positiva con la salinidad. Los efectos de estas variables son estadísticamente significativos, explicando respectivamente el 52 % y 55 % de la variación del reclutamiento y, aunque no implican relaciones causa-efecto, sugieren simultaneidad de cambio]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pink shrimp]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Farfantepenaeus duorarum]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gulf of Mexico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[recruitment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[temperature]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[camarón rosado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Farfantepenaeus duorarum]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Golfo de México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[reclutamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[temperatura]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <div style="text-align: center;"><small><!-- big --><span  style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Efecto de la temperatura superficial y la salinidad en el reclutamientodel camar&oacute;n rosado</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">Farfantepenaeus duorarum</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> (Decapoda: Penaeidae), en la Sonda de Campeche, Golfo de M&eacute;xico</span></span><!-- /big --></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> </div> <small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <!-- big --><span style="font-family: arial;"><small>Mauricio Ram&iacute;rez-Rodr&iacute;guez, Francisco Arregu&iacute;n-S&aacute;nchez &amp; Daniel Lluch-Belda</small>    <br> <br style="font-family: arial;"> </span><!-- /big --><span style="font-family: arial;">Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas del IPN. Apdo. Postal 592, La Paz, 23000, Baja California Sur, M&eacute;xico. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Fax: (612) 1225322; <a href="mailto:mramirr@ipn.mx">mramirr@ipn.mx</a></span><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <br style="font-family: arial;"> </small>     <div style="text-align: center;"><small><span  style="font-family: arial;">Recibido 20-I-2002. Corregido 04-IX-2004. Aceptado 17-III-2006.</span></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> </div>     <p align="justify"> <small><br style="font-family: arial;"> </small></p>     <div style="text-align: left;"><small><span style="font-family: arial;"><span  style="font-weight: bold;">Abstract</span>: <span style="font-weight: bold;">Impact of surface temperature and salinity on the recruiting of the pink shrimp</span> <span  style="font-style: italic;">Farfantepenaeus </span></span><span  style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-style: italic;">duorarum</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;">(Decapoda: Penaeidae), in Sonda de Campeche, Gulf of Mexico</span>. We studied the long term effects </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">of two environmental variables, salinity and surface temperature, on the pink shrimp (<span  style="font-style: italic;">Farfantepenaeus</span> <span  style="font-style: italic;">duorarum</span>) population in the southern Gulf of Mexico, considering the relationship between recruiting and the concurrent shrimp stock depletion of the last two decades. Our data were collected from 1969 to 1991. Recruitment has been clearly declining, particularly in the 1970s, with an accentuated drop since the 1980s. Sea surface temperatures have steadily risen, particularly since 1972. The temperature difference between the mid 1970s and the late 1980s is 0.5 &deg;C. Salinity decreased throughout the period. From a long term perspective, recruitment is </span><span style="font-family: arial;">negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with salinity. The effects of temperature and </span><span style="font-family: arial;">salinity are statistically significant, explaining 52 % and 55 % of the variation in recruitment, respectively. Rev. </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">Biol. Trop. 54 (4): 1241-1245. Epub 2006 Dec. 15.</span></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;"><span  style="font-weight: bold;">Key words</span>: pink shrimp, <span style="font-style: italic;">Farfantepenaeus duorarum</span>, Gulf of Mexico, recruitment, temperature.</span></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">La pesquer&iacute;a de camar&oacute;n rosado </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span  style="font-style: italic;">Farafantepenaeus duorarum</span> (Burkenroad, </span><span style="font-family: arial;">1939) en la Sonda de Campeche, al sur del </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Golfo de M&eacute;xico, registr&oacute; capturas de alrededor </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">de 20 000 ton a mediados de la d&eacute;cada de </span><span style="font-family: arial;">los 1970. Desde entonces presenta una tendencia </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">decreciente, que se hizo m&aacute;s evidente </span><span style="font-family: arial;">desde 1986; desde 1990 presenta niveles de </span><span style="font-family: arial;">producci&oacute;n muy bajos, con registros inferiores </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">a 2 000 ton desde 1997. Las posibles </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">causas del colapso se han relacionado con </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">efectos de la sobrepesca, los cambios en el </span><span style="font-family: arial;">h&aacute;bitat (por obras de desarrollo costero y </span><span style="font-family: arial;">contaminaci&oacute;n) y la presencia de fallas en el </span><span style="font-family: arial;">reclutamiento (Navarrete del Pr&oacute;o <span style="font-style: italic;">et al</span>. 1994, </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Gracia 1995, Arregu&iacute;n-S&aacute;nchez <span style="font-style: italic;">et al</span>. 1997a, </span><span style="font-family: arial;">b, Gracia y V&aacute;zquez-Bader 1999, Ram&iacute;rez- </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">Rodr&iacute;guez<span  style="font-style: italic;"> et al</span>. 2000).</span></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">Ram&iacute;rez-Rodr&iacute;guez y Arregu&iacute;n-S&aacute;nchez </span><span style="font-family: arial;">(2001) informaron que el camar&oacute;n rosado </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">presenta dos patrones estacionales de reclutamiento </span><span style="font-family: arial;">y dos relaciones parentela&#8211;progenie </span><span style="font-family: arial;">por a&ntilde;o, que son afectadas por las condiciones </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">ambientales en que se desarrolla cada cohorte. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">El efecto de la temperatura, la salinidad </span><span style="font-family: arial;">y otros factores ambientales en la historia de </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">vida del camar&oacute;n rosado ha sido estudiado por </span><span style="font-family: arial;">varios autores (Costello y Allen 1970, Bielsa </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span  style="font-style: italic;">et al</span>. 1983, Hettler 1992, Criales y Lee 1995, </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Sheridan 1996, Gracia <span style="font-style: italic;">et al</span>. 1997, Browder et </span><span style="font-family: arial;">al. 1999, Ehrhardt y Legault 1999), pero poco </span><span style="font-family: arial;">se ha escrito acerca de las variaciones de largo </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">plazo de los procesos biol&oacute;gicos.</span></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">En este trabajo se propone la hip&oacute;tesis de </span><span style="font-family: arial;">que los cambios a largo plazo de las condiciones </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">ambientales podr&iacute;an explicar en parte la disminuci&oacute;n de la poblaci&oacute;n y pesquer&iacute;a de <span style="font-style: italic;">F. </span></span><span  style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-style: italic;">duorarum</span> en la Sonda de Campeche.</span></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><small><b> <!-- big --><span style="font-family: arial;">M</span><!-- /big --><font size="3"><small><span  style="font-family: arial;">ateriales y m&eacute;todos</span></small></font></b></small></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">Se analiza la relaci&oacute;n entre la magnitud del </span><span style="font-family: arial;">reclutamiento del camar&oacute;n rosado a la pesquer&iacute;a </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">de alta mar en la Sonda de Campeche y las </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">condiciones ambientales, caracterizadas por la </span><span style="font-family: arial;">temperatura y la salinidad superficial del mar a </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">lo largo del periodo de 1969 a 1991. </span></small>    <br> <small><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;"></span><span  style="font-family: arial;">La magnitud del reclutamiento de individuos </span><span style="font-family: arial;">de tres meses de edad se estim&oacute; a trav&eacute;s </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">del an&aacute;lisis de poblaci&oacute;n virtual estructurado </span><span style="font-family: arial;">por edades, basado en la captura por categor&iacute;a </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">comercial registrada en los puertos de </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">Campeche y Ciudad del Carmen de 1969 a </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">1994 (Ram&iacute;rez-Rodr&iacute;guez <span  style="font-style: italic;">et al</span>. 2000, Ram&iacute;rez- </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">Rodr&iacute;guez y Arregu&iacute;n-S&aacute;nchez 2001). Los </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">datos de temperatura y salinidad fueron recabados </span><span style="font-family: arial;">por el Servicio Mareogr&aacute;fico Nacional </span><span style="font-family: arial;">de 1969 a 1991 en las estaciones de Ciudad del </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">Carmen, Campeche (18&deg;38&#8217; N, 91&deg;50&#8217; W) y </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Progreso, Yucat&aacute;n (21&deg;18&#8217; N, 89&deg;40&#8217; W).</span></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">Para obtener un valor representativo de </span><span style="font-family: arial;">toda la regi&oacute;n, las series se promediaron mensualmente </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">entre localidades. Posteriormente, </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">se obtuvo el promedio anual como la media </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">simple entre diciembre y enero. Las series</span><span  style="font-family: arial;"> estandarizadas (Xsd = (Xi&#8211;M)/ds, donde Xi= </span><span style="font-family: arial;">valor de la variable en el periodo i, M= promedio, </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ds= desviaci&oacute;n est&aacute;ndar </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">de la variable en el periodo i), </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">se sometieron a correlaci&oacute;n </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">lineal simple.</span></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><small><!-- big --><span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: 700;">Resultados</span><!-- /big --></small></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">Los resultados del an&aacute;lisis </span><span style="font-family: arial;">de poblaci&oacute;n virtual muestran </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">que las tendencias del </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">reclutamiento y la captura son </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">similares. De 1969 a 1977 la </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">tendencia de la captura fue </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">creciente, despu&eacute;s disminuy&oacute; </span><span style="font-family: arial;">lentamente hasta mediados de los ochenta y desde 1986 present&oacute; un acelerado </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">descenso (<a href="#figura1">Fig. 1</a>).</span></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">De 1969 a 1991 la temperatura superficial </span><span style="font-family: arial;">en la Sonda de Campeche tuvo una tendencia </span><span style="font-family: arial;">creciente, que fue m&aacute;s evidente desde mediados </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">de los a&ntilde;os 1970. La diferencia entre la </span><span style="font-family: arial;">temperatura a finales de los 1970 y la de finales </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">de los 1980 fue de 0.5 &deg;C. La salinidad present&oacute; </span><span style="font-family: arial;">una tendencia creciente hasta 1982, pero despu&eacute;s </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">disminuy&oacute; (<a href="#figura2">Fig. 2</a>).</span></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">El reclutamiento anual est&aacute; negativamente </span><span style="font-family: arial;">relacionado con la temperatura superficial (r= </span><span style="font-family: arial;">-0.72; p&lt; 0.005; r<sup>2</sup>= 0.52) y positivamente con </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">la salinidad (r= 0.74; p&lt; 0.05; r<sup>2</sup>= 0.55). De </span><span style="font-family: arial;">esta forma, a medida que el ambiente se torna </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">m&aacute;s caliente y menos salado se tiene un menor </span><span style="font-family: arial;">reclutamiento de camar&oacute;n. Las ecuaciones que </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">relacionan esas variables en los intervalos de </span><span style="font-family: arial;">temperatura y salinidad observados son:</span></small>    <br> <small><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;"></span><span  style="font-family: arial;">R= 9 751.7 &#8211; 333.45 SST&deg;C</span></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">R= -1 389.7 + 60.05 SAL</span></small>    <br> <small><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;"></span><span  style="font-family: arial;">donde R= reclutamiento anual, SST= temperatura </span><span style="font-family: arial;">superficial promedio anual, SAL= salinidad </span><span style="font-family: arial;">promedio anual.</span></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><small><!-- big --><span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: 700;">Discusi&oacute;n    <br> <br style="font-family: arial;"> </span><!-- /big --></small></small><small><span style="font-family: arial;">Los resultados sugieren una relaci&oacute;n entre </span><span style="font-family: arial;">la disminuci&oacute;n del reclutamiento del camar&oacute;n rosado en la Sonda de Campeche y las tendencias </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">a largo plazo de aumento de la temperatura </span><span style="font-family: arial;">superficial y disminuci&oacute;n de la salinidad. La </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">linealidad de las relaciones no implica relaciones </span><span style="font-family: arial;">causa-efecto, sino simultaneidad de </span><span style="font-family: arial;">cambio. Las variaciones del reclutamiento, </span><span style="font-family: arial;">temperatura y salinidad son indicadores de </span><span style="font-family: arial;">cambio, pero por ahora se ignora cu&aacute;les pueden </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">ser las conexiones f&iacute;sicas entre ellos.</span></small></div>     <p align="center"><a name="figura1"> <img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 522px; height: 364px;"  src="/img/fbpe/rbt/v54n4/3508i1.JPG" title="" alt=""></a></p>     
]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="center">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center"><small><a name="figura2"> <img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 392px; height: 529px;"  src="/img/fbpe/rbt/v54n4/3508i2.JPG" title="" alt=""></a></small></p>     
<p align="justify"><small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <br style="font-family: arial;"> </small></p>     <div style="text-align: left;"><small><span style="font-family: arial;">La     relaci&oacute;n a corto plazo,     estacional, entre </span><span style="font-family: arial;">cambios en     la abundancia de recursos pesqueros </span><span      style="font-family: arial;">y factores ambientales est&aacute; bien     documentada </span><span style="font-family: arial;">para diversas     especies de camarones peneidos </span><span style="font-family: arial;">(vg.     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[Garcia y Le Reste 1981). En escalas de </span><span      style="font-family: arial;">mediano plazo existen evidencias de esa     relaci&oacute;n </span><span style="font-family: arial;">y     generalmente se refieren al efecto de fen&oacute;menos     clim&aacute;ticos como El     Ni&ntilde;o (L&oacute;pez- Mart&iacute;nez     2000). En el caso de la poblaci&oacute;n de <span      style="font-style: italic;">F.     duorarum</span> al sur de la Pen&iacute;nsula de Florida, al norte del     Golfo de M&eacute;xico, la     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[disminuci&oacute;n en las     capturas desde los a&ntilde;os 1960 hasta inicios de los 90&#8217;s (Sheridan     1996, Ehrhardt y     Legault 1999), se     relacion&oacute; con la calidad del h&aacute;bitat en los estuarios y     con cambios en la     estructura y funci&oacute;n del ecosistema en un periodo de     d&eacute;cadas (Fourqurean y     Robblee 1999, Hall <span style="font-style: italic;">et al</span>.     1999, Matheson <span style="font-style: italic;">et al.</span> 1999,     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[Thayer <span style="font-style: italic;">et al</span>. 1999).</span></small><br      style="font-family: arial;">     <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;">     <small><span style="font-family: arial;">En general, las evidencias     sobre     cambios ambientales a largo     plazo en el Golfo de M&eacute;xico indican la presencia de signos     ambientales negativos principalmente en     bah&iacute;as, estuarios y     regiones costeras (Kumpf <span style="font-style: italic;">et al</span>.     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[1999) y han sido relacionados     con los efectos del calentamiento global en este ecosistema (Cubit     1994, Dubravko <span style="font-style: italic;">et     al</span>. 1996, Mulholland <span style="font-style: italic;">et al</span>.     1997. Ford (1996) y Cook <span style="font-style: italic;">et al</span>.     (1998) informaron que la temperatura superficial en invierno presenta     una tendencia al     aumento desde 1960, que fue     m&aacute;s fuerte de 1986 a 1991, coincidiendo con lo encontrado en     nuestro     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[an&aacute;lisis.</span></small><br style="font-family: arial;">     <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;">     <small><span style="font-family: arial;">Actualmente se desconoce     c&oacute;mo     afectan estos cambios a los     procesos f&iacute;sicos, qu&iacute;micos y biol&oacute;gicos descritos     en el Golfo     de M&eacute;xico (vg.     Salas-de-Le&oacute;n <span style="font-style: italic;">et al</span>.     1998, Wiseman y Sturges 1999,     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[Lohrenz <span style="font-style: italic;">et al</span>. 1999). Los     resultados en este trabajo     indican su relaci&oacute;n con la magnitud del reclutamiento del     camar&oacute;n rosado y con     el colapso de su pesquer&iacute;a en la Sonda de Campeche, por lo que     los efectos de la     pesca sobre la     din&aacute;mica de la poblaci&oacute;n y estado de la pesquer&iacute;a     (Gracia 1995,     Ram&iacute;rez-Rodr&iacute;guez <span style="font-style: italic;">et </span>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[</span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span      style="font-style: italic;">al</span>.     2000) deber&aacute;n analizarse en el contexto de </span><span      style="font-family: arial;">las tendencias de las condiciones     ambientales.</span></small><br style="font-family: arial;">     <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;">     <small><small><!-- big --><span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: 700;">Agradecimientos</span><!-- /big --></small></small><br      style="font-family: arial;">     <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;">     <small><span style="font-family: arial;">Los autores agradecen al     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[Instituto </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Polit&eacute;cnico     Nacional por el apoyo     parcial a trav&eacute;s </span><span style="font-family: arial;">de la     CGPI y de la COFAA. MRR agradece </span><span      style="font-family: arial;">al Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y     Tecnolog&iacute;a </span><span style="font-family: arial;">(CONACyT).</span></small><br      style="font-family: arial;">     <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;">     <small><small><!-- big --><span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: 700;">Resumen</span><!-- /big --></small></small><br      style="font-family: arial;">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<small></small><br style="font-family: arial;">     <small><span style="font-family: arial;">Con el objetivo de evaluar los     efectos a largo plazo </span><span style="font-family: arial;">de     variables ambientales en la poblaci&oacute;n de camar&oacute;n rosado </span><span      style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Farfantepenaeus     duorarum</span> en la Sonda de Campeche, </span><span      style="font-family: arial;">al sur del Golfo de M&eacute;xico, se     analizaron los patrones de </span><span style="font-family: arial;">variaci&oacute;n     del reclutamiento, la salinidad y la temperatura </span><span      style="font-family: arial;">superficial de 1969 a 1991. El     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[reclutamiento muestra una&nbsp; </span><span      style="font-family: arial;">clara tendencia decreciente desde la     d&eacute;cada de los a&ntilde;os setenta, con una disminuci&oacute;n     acentuada desde los a&ntilde;os </span><span      style="font-family: arial;">ochenta. La temperatura superficial     muestra una tendencia </span><span style="font-family: arial;">al     aumento, particularmente desde 1972. La diferencia </span><span      style="font-family: arial;">entre la temperatura a mediados de los     setenta y finales de </span><span style="font-family: arial;">los     ochenta fue de 0.5 &deg;C. A lo largo del periodo de estudio </span><span     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[ style="font-family: arial;">la salinidad disminuy&oacute;. En el largo     plazo, el reclutamiento </span><span style="font-family: arial;">muestra     correlaci&oacute;n negativa con la temperatura superficial </span><span      style="font-family: arial;">y positiva con la salinidad. Los efectos     de estas variables </span><span style="font-family: arial;">son     estad&iacute;sticamente significativos, explicando respectivamente </span><span      style="font-family: arial;">el 52 % y 55 % de la variaci&oacute;n del     reclutamiento </span><span style="font-family: arial;">y, aunque no     implican relaciones causa-efecto, sugieren </span><span      style="font-family: arial;">simultaneidad de cambio.</span></small><br     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[ style="font-family: arial;">     <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;">     <small><span style="font-family: arial;">Palabras clave: camar&oacute;n     rosado, <span style="font-style: italic;">Farfantepenaeus duorarum</span>,     </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Golfo de M&eacute;xico,     reclutamiento, temperatura.</span></small><br      style="font-family: arial;">     <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;">     <small><small><!-- big --><span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: 700;">Referencias</span><!-- /big --></small></small><br      style="font-family: arial;">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<small></small><br style="font-family: arial;">     <small><span style="font-family: arial;">Arregu&iacute;n-S&aacute;nchez,     F.,     L.E. Schultz-Ru&iacute;z, A. Gracia, </span><span      style="font-family: arial;">J.A. S&aacute;nchez &amp; T.     Alarc&oacute;n. 1997a. Las pesquer&iacute;as </span><span      style="font-family: arial;">de camar&oacute;n de altamar:     explotaci&oacute;n, din&aacute;mica y </span><span      style="font-family: arial;">evaluaci&oacute;n, p. 145-172. <span      style="font-style: italic;">In</span> D. Flores-Hern&aacute;ndez, P. </span><span     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[ style="font-family: arial;">S&aacute;nchez-Gil, J.C. Seijo &amp; F.     Arregu&iacute;n-S&aacute;nchez (eds.). </span><span      style="font-family: arial;">An&aacute;lisis y diagn&oacute;stico de     los recursos pesqueros cr&iacute;ticos </span><span      style="font-family: arial;">del Golfo de M&eacute;xico. Univ.     Aut&oacute;n. Campeche, </span><span style="font-family: arial;">EPOMEX     Ser. Cient. 7, Campeche, M&eacute;xico.</span></small><br      style="font-family: arial;">     <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;">     <!-- ref --><small><span style="font-family: arial;">    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1363666&pid=S0034-7744200600040002200001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref -->Arregu&iacute;n-S&aacute;nchez, F., L.E. Schultz-Ru&iacute;z, A. Gracia, J.A. </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">S&aacute;nchez &amp; T. Alarc&oacute;n. 1997b. Estado actual y perspectivas </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">de las pesquer&iacute;as de camar&oacute;n, p. 185-203. </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span  style="font-style: italic;">In</span> D. Flores-Hern&aacute;ndez, P. S&aacute;nchez-Gil, J.C. Seijo &amp; </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">F. Arregu&iacute;n-S&aacute;nchez (eds.). An&aacute;lisis y diagn&oacute;stico de </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">los recursos pesqueros cr&iacute;ticos del Golfo de M&eacute;xico. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Univ. Aut&oacute;n. Campeche, EPOMEX Ser. 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(U.S.), FWS/OBS-82/11.17. 32 p.</span></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1363668&pid=S0034-7744200600040002200003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref -->Browder, J.A., V.R. Restrepo, J.K. Rice, M.B. Robblee &amp; </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Z. Zein-Eldin. 1999. Environmental influences on </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">potential recruitment of pink shrimp, <span  style="font-style: italic;">Farfantepenaeus </span></span><span  style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-style: italic;">duorarum</span>, from Florida Bay nursery grounds. </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">Estuaries 22: 484-499.</span></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1363669&pid=S0034-7744200600040002200004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref -->Cook, T., M. Folli, J. Klinck, S. Ford &amp; J. Miller. 1998. The </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">relationship between increasing sea-surface temperature </span><span style="font-family: arial;">and the northward spread of <span style="font-style: italic;">Perkinsus marinus </span></span><span style="font-family: arial;">(Dermo)&nbsp; disease epizootics in oysters. Estuar. Coast.</span><span  style="font-family: arial;">Shelf Sci. 46: 587-597.</span></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1363670&pid=S0034-7744200600040002200005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref -->Costello, T.J. &amp; D.M. Allen. 1970. Synopsis of biological </span><span style="font-family: arial;">data on the pink shrimp <span style="font-style: italic;">Penaeus duorarum duorarum </span></span><span style="font-family: arial;">Burkenroad, 1939, p. 1499-1537. <span style="font-style: italic;">In</span> M. Mistakidis </span><span style="font-family: arial;">(ed.). Actas de la conferencia cient&iacute;fica mundial sobre </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">biolog&iacute;a y cultivo de camarones y gambas. Cd. de </span><span style="font-family: arial;">M&eacute;xico, 12-21 junio 1967. Vol. 4. Sinopsis de especies. </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">FAO Fish. Rep. 57.</span></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1363671&pid=S0034-7744200600040002200006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref -->Criales, M.M. &amp; T.N. Lee. 1995. Larval distribution and </span><span style="font-family: arial;">transport of penaeoid shrimps during the presence </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">of the Tortugas Gyre in May-June 1991. Fish. 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Sci. 54: 1073-1074.</span></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1363673&pid=S0034-7744200600040002200008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref -->Dubravko, J., N.N. Rablais &amp; R.E. Turner. 1996. Effects of </span><span style="font-family: arial;">climate change on hipoxia in coastal waters: a doubled </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">CO2 scenario for the northern Gulf of Mexico. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Limnol. Oceanogr. 41: 992-1003.</span></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1363674&pid=S0034-7744200600040002200009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref -->Ehrhardt, N.M. &amp; C.M. Legault. 1999. Pink shrimp, </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span  style="font-style: italic;">Farfantepenaeus duorarum</span>, recruitment variability </span><span style="font-family: arial;">as an indicator of Florida Bay dynamics. Estuaries </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">22: 471-483.</span></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1363675&pid=S0034-7744200600040002200010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref -->Ford, S.E. 1996. Range extension by the oyster parasite </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span  style="font-style: italic;">Perkinsus marinus</span> into the northeastern United </span><span style="font-family: arial;">States: Response to climate change? J. Shellfish Res. </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">15: 45-56.</span></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1363676&pid=S0034-7744200600040002200011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref -->Fourqurean, J.W. &amp; M.B. Robblee. 1999. Florida Bay: A </span><span style="font-family: arial;">history on recent ecological changes. Estuaries 22: </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">345-357.</span></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1363677&pid=S0034-7744200600040002200012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref -->Garcia, S. &amp; L. Le-Reste. 1981. Life cycles, dynamics, </span><span style="font-family: arial;">exploitation and management of coastal penaeids </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">shrimp stocks. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 203, 215 p.</span></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1363678&pid=S0034-7744200600040002200013&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><br> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">Gracia, A. 1995. Impacto de la pesca artesanal sobre la </span><span style="font-family: arial;">producci&oacute;n del camar&oacute;n rosado <span style="font-style: italic;">Penaeus farfantepenaeus </span></span><span  style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-style: italic;">duorarum </span>Burkenroad, 1939. Ciencias </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">Marinas, M&eacute;xico, 21: 343-359.</span></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1363679&pid=S0034-7744200600040002200014&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref -->Gracia, A. &amp; A.R. V&aacute;zquez-Bader. 1999. Shrimp fisheries </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">in the South Gulf of Mexico: Present state and future </span><span style="font-family: arial;">management alternatives, p. 205-224.<span style="font-style: italic;"> In</span> H. Kumpf, </span><span style="font-family: arial;">K. Steindenger &amp; K. Sherman (eds.). The Gulf </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">of Mexico Large Marine Ecosystem: Assessment, </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Sustainability, and Management. Blackwell, </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Massachussetts, EEUU.</span></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1363680&pid=S0034-7744200600040002200015&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref -->Gracia, A., A.R. V&aacute;zquez-Bader, F. Arregu&iacute;n-S&aacute;nchez, L.E. </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">Schultz-Ru&iacute;z &amp; J.A. S&aacute;nchez. 1997. Ecolog&iacute;a de camarones </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">peneidos, p. 127-144.<span  style="font-style: italic;"> In</span> D. Flores-Hern&aacute;ndez, P. </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">S&aacute;nchez-Gil, J.C. Seijo &amp; F. Arregu&iacute;n-S&aacute;nchez (eds.). </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">An&aacute;lisis y diagn&oacute;stico de los recursos pesqueros cr&iacute;ticos </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">del Golfo de M&eacute;xico. Univ. Aut&oacute;n. Campeche, </span><span style="font-family: arial;">EPOMEX Ser. Cient 7.Campeche, M&eacute;xico.</span></small><br  style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1363681&pid=S0034-7744200600040002200016&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref -->Hall, M.O., M.D. Durako, J.W. Fourqurean &amp; J.C. Zieman. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">1999. Decadal changes in seagrass distribution and </span><span  style="font-family: arial;">abundance in Florida Bay. Estuaries 22: 445-459.</span></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small></small><br style="font-family: arial;"> <small><span style="font-family: arial;">    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1363682&pid=S0034-7744200600040002200017&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref -->Hettler, W.F. 1992. Correlation of winter temperature and </span><span style="font-family: arial;">landings of pink shrimp <span style="font-style: italic;">Penaeus duorarum</span> in North </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Carolina. Fish. 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