<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77441999000100005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Reabsorción de nitrógeno y fósforo foliar en árboles de bosques montanos en los Andes centrales de Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavelier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santamaría]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Johanna]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Departamento de Biología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de los Andes Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de los Andes Laboratorio De Ecología Vegetal ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>1999</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>1999</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<fpage>33</fpage>
<lpage>43</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77441999000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77441999000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77441999000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Mature leaves and litterfall were collected between November 1992 and February 1993 from one to three individuals of five canopy tree species of a lower montane rain forest (LMRF) at 1850 m. and five canopy tree species of an upper montane rain forest (UMRF) at 2800 m. in the Central Andes of Colombia, to determine the concentrations and percentage retranslocation of nitrogen and phosphorus. The availability of these two nutrients was measured in the soils, by means of extracts of NH3-NH4, NO2-NO3 and PO4, and incubations of surface soil samples (0-10 cm) to measure the rates of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification. In the species of the LMRF the average concentration of N in mature leaves (1.19 % dry weight) and litterfall (0.87 %) was significantly higher than in mature leaves (0.90 %) and litterfall (0.59 %) of the tree species of the UMRF. Percentage retranslocation of N and P were not significantly different between the species of these two forests. In spite of this, P retranslocation tended to be higher in the species of the LMRF where the available P in the soil was significantly lower (3.2 ppm vs. 9.0 ppm). A negative and statistically significant correlation was found between the percentage retranslocation of P and the concentration of this element in mature leaves of 12 different tropical montane forests. These results suggest that percentage retranslocation of foliar P in montane forests, could be partially controlled by the availability of this element. There were no statistically significant correlations between percentage retranslocation of N and P and specific leaf area for the ten tree species of this study. The lack of correlation may be the result of a small sample size and should be explored with a higher number of species.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se determinaron las concentraciones y los porcentajes de reabsorción de nitrógeno y fósforo foliar en cinco especies de árboles de un bosque montano bajo (BMB) a 1850 m.s.n.m. y en cinco de un bosque montano alto (BMA) a 2800 m.s.n.m en la Cordillera Central colombiana, asi como la disponibilidad de nitrógeno y fósforo del suelo. Los porcentajes de reabsorción de N y P no fueron significativamente diferentes entre las especies de estos dos bosques. A pesar de esto, se observó que la reabsorción de P foliar tendió a ser mayor en las especies del BMB donde la concentración de P en el suelo fue significativamente más baja (3.2 ppm vs. 9.0 ppm). Cuando la reabsorción de P foliar se expresó como función de la concentración en hojas maduras en 12 tipos de bosques montanos tropicales, se encontró una correlación negativa y estadísticamente significativa. Estos resultados sugieren que los porcentajes de reabsorción de P foliar en bosques montanos estarían controlados parcialmente por la disponibilidad del elemento.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Retranslocation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reabsortion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tropical montane forests]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nitrogen mineralization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[phosphorus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cloud forest]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[altitudinal gradient.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <center><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Reabsorci&oacute;n de nitr&oacute;geno y f&oacute;sforo foliar en &aacute;rboles de bosques montanos</font></b>     <br><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">en los Andes centrales de Colombia</font></b><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b>Miguel Vera&nbsp;<a NAME="1"></a></b><sup><a href="#1a">1</a><a href="#1ref">&nbsp;</a></sup><b>&nbsp; Jaime Cavelier<sup>&nbsp;<a NAME="2"></a></sup></b><sup><a href="#2a">2</a>&nbsp;<b>&nbsp;</b></sup><b> Johanna Santamar&iacute;a<sup><a href="#3ref">&nbsp;<a NAME="3"></a></a></sup></b><sup><a href="#3a">3</a></sup></font></font><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Recibido 27-VI-1998. Corregido 22-X-1998. Aceptado 10-XI-1998.</font></font></center> <font size=-1></font>     <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Abstract</font></font></b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1></font></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Mature leaves and litterfall were collected between November 1992 and February 1993 from one to three individuals of five canopy tree species of a lower montane rain forest (LMRF) at 1850 m. and five canopy tree species of an upper montane rain forest (UMRF) at 2800 m. in the Central Andes of Colombia, to determine the concentrations and percentage retranslocation of nitrogen and phosphorus. The availability of these two nutrients was measured in the soils, by means of extracts of NH<sub>3</sub>-NH<sub>4</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>-NO<sub>3</sub> and PO<sub>4, </sub>and incubations of surface soil samples (0-10 cm) to measure the rates of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification. In the species of the LMRF the average concentration of N in mature leaves (1.19 % dry weight) and litterfall (0.87 %) was significantly higher than in mature leaves (0.90 %) and litterfall (0.59 %) of the tree species of the UMRF. Percentage retranslocation of N and P were not significantly different between the species of these two forests. In spite of this, P retranslocation tended to be higher in the species of the LMRF where the available P in the soil was significantly lower (3.2 ppm vs. 9.0 ppm). A negative and statistically significant correlation was found between the percentage retranslocation of P and the concentration of this element in mature leaves of 12 different tropical montane forests. These results suggest that percentage retranslocation of foliar P in montane forests, could be partially controlled by the availability of this element. There were no statistically significant correlations between percentage retranslocation of N and P and specific leaf area for the <i>ten</i> tree species of this study. The lack of correlation may be the result of a small sample size and should be explored with a higher number of species.</font></font>     <br><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;<font size=-1></font>     <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Key words</font></font></b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1></font></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Retranslocation, reabsortion, tropical montane forests, nitrogen mineralization, phosphorus, cloud forest, altitudinal gradient.</font></font>     <br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1></font></font>&nbsp;<font size=-1></font>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>En gradientes altitudinales h&uacute;medos de monta&ntilde;as tropicales, se reconocen tres tipos de formaciones boscosas: bosques h&uacute;medos de tierras bajas, bosques montanos bajos y bosques montanos altos (<a href="#Grubb1977">Grubb 1977</a>). A lo largo de este gradiente se observan cambios en la estructura y funcionamiento de los bosques, por ejemplo la reduccci&oacute;n del tama&ntilde;o medio de los &aacute;rboles, de las hojas y de la productividad (<a href="#Leigh">Leigh 1975</a>,<a href="#Grubb1977"> Grubb 1977</a>, <a href="#Cavelier1986">Cavelier 1996</a>). Estas diferencias en la vegetaci&oacute;n est&aacute;n correlacionadas con cambios clim&aacute;ticos y ed&aacute;ficos, como la disminuci&oacute;n de la temperatura media del aire y del suelo (<a href="#Schubert">Schubert &amp; Medina 1982</a>, <a href="#van der Hammen">van der Hammen 1984</a>) y la acumulaci&oacute;n de materia org&aacute;nica (<a href="#Alexander">Alexander &amp; Pichott 1979</a>, <a href="#Vitousek1988">Vitousek <i>et al</i>. 1988</a>, <a href="#Grieve">Grieve <i>et al</i>. 1990</a>). La baja fertilidad de los suelos en bosques montanos tropicales (<a href="#Marrs">Marrs <i>et al.</i> 1988</a>, <a href="#Vitousek1988">Vitousek <i>et al.</i>1988</a>) se ve reflejada en una baja concentraci&oacute;n (% por unidad de peso) de nitr&oacute;geno y f&oacute;sforo foliar (<a href="#Tanner1977a">Tanner 1977a</a>), una baja productividad (<a href="#Grubb1977">Grubb 1977</a>) y una alta eficiencia de uso de nutrientes <i>sensu</i><a href="#Vitousek1984"> Vitousek (1984</a>). En este ambiente, mecanismos de conservaci&oacute;n de nutrientes como la reabsorci&oacute;n de elementos foliares m&oacute;viles (<i>i.e</i>. nitr&oacute;geno y f&oacute;sforo) antes de la ca&iacute;da de las hojas (<a href="#Chapin1980">Chapin 1980</a>, <a href="#Charley">Charley &amp; Richards 1983</a>) tendr&iacute;an valor adaptativo. A pesar de la importancia potencial de este mecanismo de conservaci&oacute;n de nutrientes existe muy poca informaci&oacute;n espec&iacute;fica en &aacute;rboles de bosques montanos tropicales (<a href="#Edwards">Edwards 1982</a>, <a href="#Grubb1982">Grubb &amp; Edwards 1982</a>).</font></font><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Las especies de &aacute;rboles de los bosques montanos pueden presentar hojas esclerom&oacute;rficas ("pachyphylls" <i>sensu</i><a href="#Grubb1986">Grubb 1986</a>) o mes&oacute;filas (<a href="#Tanner1982">Tanner &amp; Kapos 1982</a>, <a href="#Sugden">Sugden 1985</a>). Las hojas esclerom&oacute;rficas son por lo general gruesas, con valores bajos de &aacute;rea foliar espec&iacute;fica (cm2/g), de textura cori&aacute;cea y baja concentraci&oacute;n de nutrientes por unidad de pesos debido a la acumulaci&oacute;n de compuestos de carbono (<a href="#Medina1984">Medina 1984</a>). En contraste, las hojas "mes&oacute;filas" son relativamente delgadas y con concentraciones mayores de nutrientes foliares por unidad de peso seco. El escleromorfismo est&aacute; asociado a otras caracter&iacute;sticas foliares como la longevidad y las bajas tasas de crecimiento (<a href="#Chapin1980">Chapin 1980</a>, <a href="#Grubb1986">Grubb 1986</a>) rasgos que parecen haber sido seleccionados en ambientes oliogotr&oacute;ficos (<a href="#Loveless|961">Loveless 1961</a>, <a href="#Loveless1962">1962</a>, <a href="#Medina1984">Medina 1984</a>). Si el escleromorfismo est&aacute; asociado a condiciones de baja fertilidad, la reabsorci&oacute;n de nutrientes en estas especies deber&iacute;a ser m&aacute;s eficiente que en especies mes&oacute;filas. Esta relaci&oacute;n no se han establecido con especies de bosques montanos tropicales, como se si logr&oacute; con especies de turbera en la zona templada (<a href="#Small">Small 1972</a>). En sabanas y bosques de tierras bajas tropicales, comparaciones entre los porcentajes de reabsorci&oacute;n de nitr&oacute;geno y f&oacute;sforo foliar entre especies caducifolias y siempreverdes (m&aacute;s esclerom&oacute;rficas), no muestran una relaci&oacute;n entre escleromorfismo y las tasas de reabsorci&oacute;n (<a href="#Medina1984">Medina 1984</a>).</font></font><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>En este estudio, se midieron las tasas de reabsorci&oacute;n de nitr&oacute;geno y f&oacute;sforo foliar en un total de diez especies de &aacute;rboles de bosques montanos altos y bajos. Si a mayor altitud disminuye la fertilidad de los suelos y la reabsorci&oacute;n es un mecanismo importante para la conservaci&oacute;n de nutrientes, las especies del bosque montano alto, deber&iacute;an presentar un mayor porcentaje de reabsorci&oacute;n de nitr&oacute;geno y f&oacute;sforo. Adem&aacute;s, si las hojas esclerom&oacute;rficas tienen bajas concentraciones de nitr&oacute;geno y f&oacute;sforo y estas han sido seleccionadas en suelos oligotr&oacute;ficos, ser&iacute;a de esperar que estas especies reabsorban un mayor porcentaje de nutrientes antes de la ca&iacute;da de las hojas.</font></font>     <br><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;<font size=-1></font>     <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Materiales y M&eacute;todos</font></font></b><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b>&Aacute;rea de estudio y especies:</b> este estudio fue realizado en el Parque Regional Natural Ucumar&iacute; (Risaralda, Colombia), en la vertiente occidental de la Cordillera Central de los Andes colombianos (4<sup>o</sup> 40&acute;N; 75<sup>o</sup> 31&acute;0). El trabajo de campo se realiz&oacute; en un Bosque Montano Bajo (BMB) a 1850 m. s. n. m. alrededor de la Estaci&oacute;n La Suiza y en un Bosque Montano Alto (BMA) a 2800 m. s. n. m. alrededor de la Estaci&oacute;n La Pastora. El BMB (sensu <a href="#Grubb1977">Grubb 1977</a>) tiene una altura media de 20 m y el BMA de 17 m. (<a href="#Cleef">Cleef <i>et al.</i> 1984</a>). Los suelos de esta parte de la Cordillera Oriental colombiana, se han desarrollado a partir de cenizas volc&aacute;nicas y otros piroclastos producto de la actividad volc&aacute;nica durante el Holoceno (<a href="#Thouret1983">Thouret 1983</a>). Los BMB crecen sobre suelos ferrisoles &aacute;ndicos hum&iacute;feros, desaturados y lixiviados con horizonte ocre u &oacute;xico mientras que los BMA crecen sobre suelos p&aacute;rdos &aacute;ndicos m&aacute;s o menos &aacute;cidos (<a href="#Thouret1989">Thouret 1989</a>). La precipitaci&oacute;n media anual a lo largo de este gradiente altitudinal var&iacute;a entre 3000 y 1988 mm, con un patr&oacute;n bimodal y con &eacute;pocas de menores precipitaciones durante los meses de enero-febrero y julio-agosto. En cada tipo de bosque se recolectaron, entre noviembre de 1992 y febrero de 1993, hojas maduras y hojarasca en uno a tres individuos de cinco especies de &aacute;rboles de dosel (<a href="#CUADRO1">Cuadro 1</a>). La recolecci&oacute;n de hojas en el dosel se llev&oacute; a cabo mediante t&eacute;cnicas de escalada de &aacute;rboles. La recolecci&oacute;n de hojarasca se realiz&oacute; mediante 40 trampas de 0.5 x 0.5 m. Estas se construyeron con marcos de tuber&iacute;a de PVC de 1.0 cm de di&aacute;metro, con malla de fibra de vidrio y se colocaron a un metro sobre el nivel del suelo. Las trampas se ubicaron debajo de aquellos individuos seleccionados para la recolecci&oacute;n de hojas maduras y se revisaron a diario para garantizar que las hojas recolectadas estuvieran reci&eacute;n ca&iacute;das. Las muestras de hojas recolectadas en el dosel y la hojarasca se secaron a 60 <sup>o</sup>C por 48 h antes de realizarse los an&aacute;lisis qu&iacute;micos. Para hojas maduras y hojarasca se determin&oacute; el &aacute;rea foliar espec&iacute;fica (cm<sup>2</sup>/g) que se obtiene de la relaci&oacute;n superficie foliar fresca/peso seco (<a href="#Stoker">Stoker 1931</a>).</font></font><font size=-1></font>     <center>     <p><a NAME="CUADRO1"></a>     <br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>CUADRO 1</font></font><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>&Aacute;rea Foliar Espec&iacute;fica (AFE), concentraciones de N, P y Ca en hojas maduras y hojarasca y porcentaje de reabsorci&oacute;n de N y P en % y con referencia a la concentraci&oacute;n de calcio en diez especies de &aacute;rboles de dosel en BMB y el BMA en los Andes Centrales de Colombia.</font></font></center>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;     <br><font size=-1></font>&nbsp; <table BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=3 WIDTH="749" > <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;     <center>     <br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Especie No.&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="7%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>AFE</font></font>     <br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>cm<sup>2</sup>/g&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN="2" WIDTH="15%"><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;     <center>     <br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Concentraci&oacute;n de&nbsp;</font></font>     <br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>N %&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN="2" WIDTH="15%"><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;     <center>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Concentraci&oacute;n de</font></font>     <br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>P %&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN="2" WIDTH="15%"><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;     <center>     <br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Concentraci&oacute;n de&nbsp;</font></font>     <br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Ca %&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN="2" WIDTH="15%"><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;     <center>     <br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Reabsorci&oacute;n de N %&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN="2" WIDTH="15%"><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;     <center>     <br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Reabsorci&oacute;n de P %&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="7%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojas Maduras&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojarasca&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojas Maduras&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojarasca&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojas Maduras&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojarasca&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>[Ca]&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>%&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>[Ca]&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>%&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="7%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="7%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="7%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>72.3&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.40&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.86&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.08&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.05&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.41&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.61&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>46.2&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>38.6&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>45.3&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>37.50&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>2&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="7%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>60.7&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.34&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.88&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.10&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.05&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.16&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.32&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>42.3&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>34.3&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>56.1&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>50&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>BMB&nbsp;</font></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>3&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="7%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>71.7&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.22&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.05&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.08&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.06&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.36&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.47&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>20.4&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>13.9&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>30.6&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>25&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>4&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="7%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>52&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.99&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.78&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.10&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.06&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.86&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.81&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>62.6&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>21.2&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>71.5&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>40&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>5&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="7%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>92.6&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.99&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.77&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.19&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.05&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.56&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.61&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>28.6&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>22.2&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>75.8&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>73.7&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="7%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="7%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>6&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="7%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>65.1&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.10&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.57&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.12&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.08&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.09&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>2.21&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>74.4&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>48.2&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>67.1&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>33.3&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>7&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="7%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>25.3&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.60&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.43&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.07&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.05&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.40&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>2.09&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>52.0&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     ]]></body>
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<body><![CDATA[<center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.77&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>19.1&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>20.2&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>25.7&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>26.7&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>9&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="7%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>59.6&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.78&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.48&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.16&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.20&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.98&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.83&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>27.3&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>38.4&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>----&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>----&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>10&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="7%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>48.7&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.83&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.52&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.09&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.06&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.70&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.78&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>43.8&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>37.4&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>40.2&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>33.3&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="7%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="7%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>BMB&nbsp;</font></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>(Promedio)&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="7%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.19&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.87&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.11&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.05&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.07&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.36&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>40.0&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>26.1&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>55.9&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>45.2&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="7%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>BMA&nbsp;</font></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>(Promedio)</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="7%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.90&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.59&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.12&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.10&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.10&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.34&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>43.3&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>34.5&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>46.3&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>30.5&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="7%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>*&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>*&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="7%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="8%"><font size=-1></font></td> </tr> </table> <font size=-1><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Especies 1) <i>Symplocos</i> sp. Symplocaceae 2) <i>Alchornea cf. polyantha</i>. Euphorbiaceae 3)<i> Ocotea sp. </i>Lauraceae<i> </i>4)<i> Persea Sp</i> Lauraceae 5)<i> Beilschmiedia</i> Lauraceae<i> </i>6)<i> Myrcianthes sp.</i> Myrtaceae<i> </i>7)<i> Clusia multiflora </i>Clusiaceae<i> </i>8)<i> Freziera sp</i>. Theaceae 9)<i> Tibouchina lepidota</i> Melastomataceae 10)<i> Ledenbergia magnifolia </i>Rabiaceae.</font>&nbsp;  <font face="Arial,Helvetica">* U-Mann Whitney P&lt;0.1</font></font>     <br><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;<font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b>An&aacute;lisis foliares y tasas de reabsorci&oacute;n:</b> se determinaron las concentraciones de nitr&oacute;geno en hojas maduras y hojarasca de las especies seleccionadas usando el m&eacute;todo Kjeldahl. Para la determinaci&oacute;n de las concentraciones de P y Ca se utilizaron los m&eacute;todos descritos en <a href="#Allen">Allen <i>et al.</i> 1974</a>.</font></font><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Para calcular las tasas de reabsorci&oacute;n se utiliz&oacute; la f&oacute;rmula:</font></font>     <br><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;<font size=-1></font>     <center>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>% (Reab.) = ([Nut] Hojas maduras-[Nut] Hojarasca]) / ([Nut] Hojas maduras])</font></font></center> <font size=-1></font>     <p>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>donde ([N] Hojas maduras) es la concentraci&oacute;n en porcentaje (% de peso seco) del nutriente en hojas maduras y ([Nut] Hojarasca) es la concentraci&oacute;n en porcentaje del nutriente en hojarasca (<a href="#Del Arco">Del Arco <i>et al.</i> 1991</a>).</font></font><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Considerando que cantidades variables de materia org&aacute;nica y nutrientes minerales son retiradas antes de la ca&iacute;da de las hojas, el porcentaje de reabsorci&oacute;n tambi&eacute;n se calcul&oacute; teniendo en cuenta la concentraci&oacute;n de calcio como referencia, un elemento inm&oacute;vil una vez incorporado en los tejidos.&nbsp; Por lo tanto, el porcentaje de N y P reabsorbidos se estim&oacute; con la siguiente f&oacute;rmula:(modificado de <a href="#Vitousek1986">Vitousek &amp; Sanford 1986</a>).</font></font><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>(%) Reab. = ( 1 - ([Nut ] en Hojarasca / [Ca] en hojarasca) / ([Nut.] en H. maduras / [Ca] en H. maduras)) *100.</font></font><font size=-1></font>     <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>&nbsp;</font></font></b><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b>Medici&oacute;n de la disponibilidad de N y P en el suelo: </b>para determinar las concentraciones de NH<sub>3</sub>-NH<sub>4</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>-NO<sub>3</sub> y PO<sub>4</sub>, as&iacute; como las tasas de mineralizaci&oacute;n de nitr&oacute;geno y nitrificaci&oacute;n se tomaron quince muestras de suelo (0-10 cm) en cada tipo de bosque mediante un taladro cil&iacute;ndrico de 4.6 cm de di&aacute;metro y 10 cm de largo. El amonio y los nitratos se extrajeron tomando 10 g de cada muestra y usando 100 ml 2 M de KCL como soluci&oacute;n de extracci&oacute;n. Las submuestras se lavaron en la soluci&oacute;n por un minuto, se dejaron en reposo durante 6 h y se filtraron en papel Whatman No. 44 (<a href="#Robertson1984">Robertson 1984</a>).</font></font><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Para extraer el f&oacute;sforo se us&oacute; fluoruro &aacute;cido diluido (1.0 N de NH<sub>4</sub> F y 0.5 N de HCl) de acuerdo a <a href="#Olsen">Olsen y Sommers (1982</a>). Se utilizaron 2 g de suelo y se lavaron con 2 ml de soluci&oacute;n durante 5 minutos. Luego se filtr&oacute;.</font></font><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Las tasas de mineralizaci&oacute;n del nitr&oacute;geno y la nitrificaci&oacute;n neta fueron medidas en cada bosque utilizando incubaciones<i> in situ</i> de quince muestras de suelo de aproximadamente 100 g cada una durante 30 d&iacute;as. Antes y despu&eacute;s de la incubaci&oacute;n, el amonio y el nitrato fueron extra&iacute;dos de 10 g de suelo de cada una de las quince muestras. La tasa de mineralizaci&oacute;n de nitr&oacute;geno se determin&oacute; aplicando la f&oacute;rmula: (Concentraci&oacute;n final de[NH<sub>4</sub>-N +NO<sub>3</sub>-N + NO<sub>2</sub>-N] — Concentraci&oacute;n inicial de [NH<sub>4</sub>-N +NO<sub>3</sub>-N + NO<sub>2</sub>-N]) y la tasa de nitrificaci&oacute;n neta aplicando la f&oacute;rmula (Concentraci&oacute;n final de [NO<sub>3</sub>-N + NO<sub>2</sub>-N] — Concentraci&oacute;n inicial de [NO<sub>3</sub>-N + NO<sub>2</sub>-N]) de acuerdo con <a href="#Robertson1981">Robertson y Vitousek (1981</a>) y <a href="#Robertson1984">Robertson (1984</a>). El amonio y el nitrato de las muestras de suelo se preservaron en campo con 1 mg/l de cloruro de mercurio (<a href="#Robertson1984">Robertson 1984</a>) y su concentraci&oacute;n fue determinada por medio de espectofotometr&iacute;a. Para la determinaci&oacute;n de NO<sub>3</sub>-N + NO<sub>2</sub>-N, el nitrato fue reducido a nitrito, y el nitrito total fue determinado por espectrofotometr&iacute;a.</font></font><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b>An&aacute;lisis estad&iacute;stico de datos: </b>la concentraci&oacute;n de nutrientes en hojas, los porcentajes de reabsorci&oacute;n de nitr&oacute;geno y f&oacute;sforo, as&iacute; como las concentraciones de nitr&oacute;geno en el suelo y las tasas de mineralizaci&oacute;n y nitrificaci&oacute;n, fueron comparadas por medio de la prueba de U-Mann Whitney. Adem&aacute;s, se hicieron correlaciones mediante la prueba de Spearman entre el porcentaje de reabsorci&oacute;n de nutrientes, el &aacute;rea foliar espec&iacute;fica y la concentraci&oacute;n de nitr&oacute;geno y f&oacute;sforo en hojas maduras. Dado el bajo n&uacute;mero de especies se us&oacute; un nivel de significancia de p &lt; 0.10.</font></font><font size=-1></font>     <p>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br><font size=-1></font>     <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Resultados</font></font></b><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b>Concentraciones de N y P en hojas maduras y hojarasca: </b>en las especies del BMB la concentraci&oacute;n promedio de N (% de peso seco) en hojas maduras (1.19 %) y hojarasca (0.87 %) fue mayor (U-Mann Whitney p&lt;0.10) que en hojas maduras (0.90 %) y hojarasca (0.59 %) de las especies del BMA. No hubo diferencias estad&iacute;sticamente significativas (U-Mann Whitney p>0.10) en las concentraciones de P y Ca de hojas y hojarasca entre estos dos bosques (<a href="#CUADRO1">Cuadro 1</a>).</font></font><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b>Tasas de reabsorci&oacute;n: </b>el porcentaje de reabsorci&oacute;n de N no fue significativamente diferente (U-Mann Whitney, p>0.10) entre las especies de BMA (34.5 +/- 5.3; n=5) y las especies de BMB (26.0 +/- 5.1; n=5). Cuando la reabsorci&oacute;n de N fue expresada usando la concentraci&oacute;n de Ca como referencia, las diferencias entre estos dos bosques fueron a&uacute;n menores (<a href="#CUADRO1">Cuadro 1</a>). El porcentaje de reabsorci&oacute;n de P, no fue significativamente diferente (U-Mann Whitney, p>0.10) entre las especies del BMB (45.2+/- 9.1; n=4) y las especies del BMA (30.5 +/- 19.0; n=4). Cuando la reabsorci&oacute;n de P fue calculada usando la concentraci&oacute;n de Ca como referencia, esta diferencia se hizo mayor pero no fue significativa. Para <i>Tibouchina lepidota</i>, el porcentaje de reabsorci&oacute;n de P no pudo ser calculado, pues las concentraciones en hojarasca fueron mayores que en hojas maduras.</font></font><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Cuando se consideraron las diez especies en conjunto, no se presentaron correlaciones estad&iacute;sticamente significativas entre el porcentaje de reabsorci&oacute;n de N o P y &aacute;rea foliar espec&iacute;fica o la concentraci&oacute;n de estos elementos en hojas maduras.</font></font><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b>Disponibilidad de N y P en el suelo: </b>las concentraciones de NO<sub>3</sub> en el suelo superficial (0-10 cm) fueron significativamente mayores (U-Mann-Whitney; p&lt;0.1) en el BMA que en el BMB (<a href="#CUADRO2">Cuadro 2</a>). Las concentraciones de amonio, as&iacute; como las tasas de mineralizaci&oacute;n del nitr&oacute;geno y nitrificaci&oacute;n, no fueron significativamente diferentes entre los suelos de los dos tipos de bosques. La concentraci&oacute;n de P disponible (Bray II) en el suelo fue significativamente mayor (U-Mann-Whitney; p&lt;0.10) en el BMA que en el BMB (<a href="#CUADRO2">Cuadro 2</a>).</font></font>     <br><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;<font size=-1></font>     <center>     <p><a NAME="CUADRO2"></a><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>CUADRO 2</font></font><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Concentraciones medias (+/- 1 E.S) de NO<sub>3</sub> y NH<sub>4</sub> (n = 15) y tasas medias (+/- 1 E.S) de mineralizaci&oacute;n de nitr&oacute;geno y nitrificaci&oacute;n (n = 15) en suelos superficiales (0-10 cm) de un BMB y un BMA en la Cordillera Central Colombiana.</font></font></center> <font size=-1></font>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>    <br><font size=-1></font>     <center><table BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH="100%" > <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Concentraciones&nbsp;</font>&nbsp;</font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN="3" WIDTH="50%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN="2" WIDTH="33%"><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;     <center>     <br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Tasas&nbsp;</font></font>     <br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;     <center>     <br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>P&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;     <center>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>NO<sub>3</sub></font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;     <center>     <br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>NH<sub>4</sub></font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;     <center>     <br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Min de N&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;     <center>     <br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Nit&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>ppm&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN="2" WIDTH="33%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>&micro;g/g&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN="2" WIDTH="33%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>&micro;g/g d&iacute;a&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>BMB&nbsp;</font></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>3.2+/- 0.7&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>59.1+/-10&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>22.9+/-3.9&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>2.37+/-0.6&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>2.8+/-0.7&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>BMA&nbsp;</font></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>9.0+/-1.9*&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>83.0+/-29*&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>28.6+/-7.3&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>2.00+/-0.5&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>2.6+/-0.6&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td> </tr> </table></center> <font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>* U-Mann Whitney P&lt;0.1. Nit= nitrificaci&oacute;n; Min= mineralizaci&oacute;n.</font></font>     <br><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;<font size=-1></font>     <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Discusion</font></font></b><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>En este trabajo se presentan las tasas de reabsorci&oacute;n de N y P foliar en diez especies de &aacute;rboles de bosques montanos tropicales. A pesar de que solo se tienen de una a tres r&eacute;plicas por especies, este es uno de los pocos estudios donde se tiene informaci&oacute;n sobre especies individuales (<a href="#Grubb1982">Grubb &amp; Edwards 1982</a>, <a href="#Edwards">Edwards 1982</a>), ya que en la mayor&iacute;a de los trabajos en bosques tropicales, la informaci&oacute;n sobre reabsorci&oacute;n ha sido derivada de comparaciones entre hojas y hojarasca a nivel del bosque (<a href="#Tanner1977a">Tanner 1977a</a>,<a href="#Tanner1977b">b</a>, <a href="#Steinhardt">Steinhardt 1979</a>, <a href="#Fassbender">Fassbender &amp; Grimm 1981</a>, <a href="#Medina1981">Medina <i>et al.</i> 1981</a>, <a href="#Weaver">Weaver 1986</a>, <a href="#Proctor">Proctor <i>et al.</i> 1989</a>, <a href="#Veneklaas">Veneklass 1991</a>). A pesar de que la reabsorci&oacute;n de nutrientes foliares antes de la ca&iacute;da de las hojas se ha mencionado como un mecanismo de conservaci&oacute;n de nutrientes en bosques tropicales (<a href="#Jordan">Jordan 1985</a>), son pocos los estudios que de una u otra forma proporcionan informaci&oacute;n cuantitativa sobre esta posible ruta de circulaci&oacute;n de nutrientes (<i>i.e</i>. <a href="#Vitousek1986">Vitousek &amp; Sanford 1986</a>).</font></font>     <br><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;<font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b>Concentraciones de N y P en hojas maduras y hojarasca: </b>la concentraci&oacute;n promedio de nitr&oacute;geno en hojas maduras 04 &plusmn; 0.08) y hojarasca 0.73 &plusmn; 0.07 de las diez especies estudiadas, est&aacute; en el l&iacute;mite inferior de los valores reportados para otros bosques montanos tropicales (<a href="#CUADRO3">Cuadro 3</a>). Solo los valores medidos para siete especies de &aacute;rboles en el bosque enano nublado de Pico del Este, Puerto Rico, son similares (<a href="#CUADRO3">Cuadro 3</a>). En contraste, la concentraci&oacute;n de f&oacute;sforo en hojas 0.11 &plusmn; 0.01 y hojarasca 0.08 &plusmn; 0.01 en la Cordillera Central colombiana, esta en el l&iacute;mite superior (<a href="#CUADRO3">Cuadro 3</a>). A pesar de estos valores extremos, el porcentaje promedio de reabsorci&oacute;n de N 30.3 &plusmn; 3.40&nbsp; y&nbsp; P 38.6 &plusmn; 5.10 de las diez especies del presente estudio est&aacute; dentro del rango de valores de bosques montanos tropicales (N=16-42, P=25-69, <a href="#CUADRO3">Cuadro3</a>)&nbsp; y de tierras bajas (N= 11-35, n=5 bosques, P = 29-50, n=5 bosques, <a href="#Cavelier1996">Cavelier 1996</a>). Los &uacute;nicos valores m&aacute;s altos de reabsorci&oacute;n de N y P foliar son los de cuatro especies de &aacute;rboles de sabana (N= 44.5 %; P= 57.5 %, <a href="#Montes">Montes &amp; Medina 1977</a>), un ecosistema con suelos muy pobres (<a href="#Sarmiento">Sarmiento 1984</a>).</font></font>     <br><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;<font size=-1></font>     <center>     <p><a NAME="CUADRO3"></a><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>CUADRO 3</font></font><font size=-1></font>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Concentraci&oacute;n (% de peso seco) de nitr&oacute;geno y f&oacute;sforo en hojas maduras de dosel y</font></font>     <br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>hojarasca de bosques de monta&ntilde;a.</font></font></center>      <br><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;     <br><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;     <center><table BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=3 WIDTH="367" > <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN="2" WIDTH="36%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Concentraci&oacute;n</font></font>     <br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>%&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN="2" WIDTH="34%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Reabsorci&oacute;n</font></font>     <br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>%&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td> </tr>  <tr> <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font size=-1></font></td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>N&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>P&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>N&nbsp;</font></font></center> </td>  <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%">     <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>P&nbsp;</font></font></center>     </td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Colombia     (1)&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>BMA&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojas     maduras&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.47&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.09&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojarasca&nbsp;</font></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.90&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.03&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>39&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>67&nbsp;</font></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>BMB&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojas     maduras&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.78&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.127&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojarasca&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.08&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.070&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>39&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>45&nbsp;</font></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font size=-1></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Jamaica     (2)&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojas     Maduras&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.30&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.068&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojarasca&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.76&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.030&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>42&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>56&nbsp;</font></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font size=-1></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Nueva     Guinea (3)&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojas     maduras&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.32&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.086&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojarasca&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.11&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.059&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>16&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>31&nbsp;</font></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font size=-1></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Puerto     Rico (4)&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojas     maduras&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.99&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.063&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojarasca&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.77&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.024&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>22&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>62&nbsp;</font></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font size=-1></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Sabah     (5)&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>a     610 m&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojas     maduras&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.45&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.047&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojarasca&nbsp;</font></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.05&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.017&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>28&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>64&nbsp;</font></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>a     790&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojas     maduras&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.72&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.054&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[</tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojarasca&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.05&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.017&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>39&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>69&nbsp;</font></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>a     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[870&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojas     maduras&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.34&nbsp;</font></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.046&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojarasca&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.83&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.020&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>38&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>57&nbsp;</font></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[</tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Venezuela     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[(6)&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojas     maduras&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.74&nbsp;</font></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.08&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojarasca&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.20&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.06&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>31&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>25&nbsp;</font></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[</tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Venezuela     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[(7)&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojas     maduras&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.64&nbsp;</font></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.111&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojarasca&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.15&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.062&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>30&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>44&nbsp;</font></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[</tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Colombia     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[(Este Estudio)&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>BMB&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojas     maduras&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>1.18&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.11&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[</tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojarasca&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.87&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.05&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>26&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>45&nbsp;</font></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>BMA&nbsp;</font></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojas     maduras&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.90&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.12&nbsp;</font></font></td>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font size=-1></font></td>     </tr>     <tr>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="30%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Hojarasca&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="19%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.59&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>0.10&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>33&nbsp;</font></font></td>     <td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="17%"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>30&nbsp;</font></font></td>     </tr>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[</table></center>     <font size=-1></font><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>(1) <a href="#Veneklaas">Veneklaas (1991)</a>; (2) Tanner, (<a href="#Tanner1977a">1977 a</a>,<a href="#Tanner1977b">b</a>); (3) <a href="#Grubb1982">Grubb &amp; Edwards (1982)</a>; <a href="#Edwards">Edwards (1982)</a>; (4) <a href="#Medina1981">Medina Cuevas &amp; Weaber (1981)</a>; <a href="#Weaver">Weaver, et al. (1986)</a>; (5) <a href="#Proctor">Proctor et al. (1989)</a>; (6) <a href="#Fassbender">Fassbender &amp; Grimm (1981)</a>; (7) <a href="#Steinhardt">Steinhardt (1979)</a>.</font></font>     <br><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;<font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b>Reabsorci&oacute;n de N y P foliar: </b>no se presentaron diferencias estad&iacute;sticamente significativas en los porcentajes de reabsorci&oacute;n de N foliar entre las especies de los BMB y BMA, ni diferencias en las tasas de mineralizaci&oacute;n y nitrificaci&oacute;n a estas dos altitudes. Los valores de disponibilidad de nitr&oacute;geno en el suelo presentados en este estudio, est&aacute;n dentro del rango de valores observados en otros bosques tropicales (<a href="#Marrs">Marrs <i>et al.</i> 1988</a>, <a href="#Vitousek1988">Vitousek <i>et al.</i> 1988</a>, <a href="#Robertson1989">Robertson 1989</a>). De igual forma, no se presentaron correlaciones estad&iacute;sticamente significativas entre los porcentajes de reabsorci&oacute;n de N foliar y las concentraciones de N en hojas maduras tanto para las diez especies de este estudio como para los bosques montanos en su conjunto (<a href="verarea3.htm">Cuadro 3</a>). Al parecer, los porcentajes de reabsorci&oacute;n de N foliar son muy similares entre diferentes tipos de bosques montanos y no var&iacute;an consistentemente con la disponibilidad de nutrientes, estimada con las medidas de concentraci&oacute;n en hojas y suelos (<a href="#Cavelier1996">Cavelier 1996</a>). Estudios en ecosistemas templados muestran resultados variables con respecto a la reabsorci&oacute;n del nitr&oacute;geno y su disponibilidad. En algunos casos, la reabsorci&oacute;n no cambia con la disponibilidad de nitr&oacute;geno en el suelo (<a href="#Birk">Birk &amp; Vitousek 1986</a>, <a href="#Schlesinger">Schlesinger <i>et al.</i> 1989</a>), en otros aumenta con los aumentos en la disponibilidad (<a href="#Chapin1983">Chapin &amp; Kedrowski 1983</a>, <a href="#Nambiar">Nambiar &amp; Fife 1991</a>) y en otros aumenta con la disminuci&oacute;n de la disponibilidad (<a href="#Small">Small 1972</a>, <a href="#Boerner">Boerner 1984</a>, <a href="#Pugnaire">Pugnaire &amp; Chapin 1993</a>).</font></font><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>A pesar de que la reabsorci&oacute;n de P foliar no fue significativamente distinta entre las especies del BMA y las del BMB, en este &uacute;ltimo bosque el porcentaje de reabsorci&oacute;n de P foliar tendi&oacute; a ser m&aacute;s alto mientras que las concentraciones de P disponible en el suelo (Bray II) fueron m&aacute;s bajas. Una mayor reabsorci&oacute;n de P foliar bajo condiciones de bajo suministro de P en el suelo, podr&iacute;a tener un valor adaptativo en particular en suelos derivados de cenizas volc&aacute;nicas donde el P, una vez incorporado a los suelos a trav&eacute;s de la hojarasca, tiende a ser absorbido por las alofanas (<a href="#Vitousek1986">Vitousek &amp; Sanford 1986</a>). Cuando la reabsorci&oacute;n de P foliar se expres&oacute; como funci&oacute;n de la concentraci&oacute;n en hojas maduras de diferentes tipos de bosques (<a href="#FIG1">Fig. 1</a>), se encontr&oacute; una correlaci&oacute;n negativa y estad&iacute;sticamente significativa (Spearman r = -0.5569; p&lt;0.10). Al parecer, en especies de bosques montanos, los porcentajes de reabsorci&oacute;n de P foliar, estar&iacute;an controlados parcialmente por la disponibilidad del elemento como ha sido tambi&eacute;n sugerido para otros bosques tropicales (<a href="#Vitousek1986">Vitousek &amp; Sanford 1986</a>). Este resultado contrasta con lo observado en &aacute;rboles siempreverdes y caducifolios de la taiga (<a href="#Chapin1983">Chapin &amp; Kedrowski 1983</a>), del Himalaya (<a href="#Rahlan">Rahlan &amp; Sigh 1987</a>) o de la Pen&iacute;nsula Ib&eacute;rica (<a href="#Del Arco">Del Arco <i>et al.</i> 1991</a>), donde la reabsorci&oacute;n de P no vari&oacute; en forma consistente con la disponibilidad.</font></font><font size=-1></font>     <p><font size=-1>&nbsp;</font><font size=-1></font>     <center>     <p><a NAME="FIG1"></a><img SRC="/img/fbpe/rbt/v47n1-2/0319i1.GIF" height=486 width=405></center> <font size=-1></font>     
<p>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br><font size=-1></font>     <br><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b>Escleromorfismo y tasas de reabsorci&oacute;n: </b>cuando se consideraron las diez especies en conjunto, no se observaron relaciones estad&iacute;sticamente significativas entre la concentraci&oacute;n de N o P foliar y el &aacute;rea foliar espec&iacute;fica (cm2/g). Sin embargo, cuando esta relaci&oacute;n se presenta para un n&uacute;mero mayor de especies de &aacute;rboles de bosques montanos tropicales (n=40; <a href="#FIG2">Figs. 2</a> y <a href="#FIG3">3</a>), esta relaci&oacute;n pas&oacute; a ser estad&iacute;sticamente significativa (Spearman r=0.54; p&lt; 0.001 para N y r=0.33; p&lt;0.05 para P). Si el &aacute;rea foliar espec&iacute;fica es usada como una medida de escleromorfismo (<a href="#Sobrado">Sobrado &amp; Medina 1980</a>, <a href="#Medina1984">Medina 1984</a>), las hojas m&aacute;s esclerom&oacute;rficas de los bosques montanos estar&iacute;an asociadas a bajas concentraciones de nutrientes foliares por unidad de peso como ha sido reportado para bosques secos tropicales (<a href="#Montes">Montes &amp; Medina 1977</a><b>, </b><a href="#Kapos">Kapos 1982</a>) y de "Bana" amaz&oacute;nica (<a href="#Sobrado">Sobrado &amp; Medina 1980</a>).</font></font>     <br><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;     <br><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;     <br><font size=-1></font>     <center>     <p><a NAME="FIG2"></a><img SRC="/img/fbpe/rbt/v47n1-2/0319i2.GIF" height=504 width=417>     
<br><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;<font size=-1></font>     <p><a NAME="FIG3"></a><img SRC="/img/fbpe/rbt/v47n1-2/0319i3.GIF" height=490 width=414></center> <font size=-1></font>     
]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>    <br><font size=-1></font>     <br><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>En las diez especies estudiadas, los porcentajes de reabsorci&oacute;n de N o P foliar y el &aacute;rea foliar espec&iacute;fica, no est&aacute;n relacionados estad&iacute;sticamente. Sin embargo, esta relaci&oacute;n deber&iacute;a ser explorada con un mayor n&uacute;mero de especies, pues la falta de correlaci&oacute;n puede ser un efecto del tama&ntilde;o de la muestra como parece ser el caso entre concentraci&oacute;n de nutrientes y &aacute;rea foliar espec&iacute;fica. En este sentido es interesante recordar que cuando se consideraron los porcentajes de reabsorci&oacute;n de P en 12 bosques montanos tropicales, se encontr&oacute; que los bosques con una menor concentraci&oacute;n de nutrientes foliares ten&iacute;an un mayor porcentaje de reabsorci&oacute;n, relaci&oacute;n que no fue encontrada para las diez especies de &aacute;rboles de este estudio.</font></font><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>En resumen, los porcentajes de reabsorci&oacute;n de N foliar no presentaron variaciones significativas entre tipos de bosques y especies y no parecieran responder a la disponibilidad de los elementos en el suelo u hojas maduras. En contraste, los porcentajes de reabsorci&oacute;n de P foliar, parecen responder a las variaciones en la disponibilidad del elemento como ha sido reportado en otros estudios.</font></font>     <br><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;<font size=-1></font>     <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Agradecimientos</font></font></b><font size=-1></font>     <p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Este trabajo se llev&oacute; a cabo gracias a la financiaci&oacute;n y apoyo log&iacute;stico de la Corporaci&oacute;n Autonoma Regional de Risaralda (CARDER), a la colaboraci&oacute;n de Eduardo Londo&ntilde;o y Jorge Marulanda directores del Parque Regional Natural Ucumar&iacute; y de la Estaci&oacute;n La Suiza respectivamente. Queremos dejar constancia de nuestro agradecimiento a Martha Galeano del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales y a Gilberto Maecha por la determinaci&oacute;n del material bot&aacute;nico, a Hernado Acosta, Jaime A. Cabrera y Sebasti&aacute;n Londo&ntilde;o por su colaboraci&oacute;n en el trabajo de campo.</font></font>     <br><font size=-1></font>&nbsp;<font size=-1></font>     <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Resumen</font></font></b><font size=-1></font>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Se determinaron las concentraciones y los porcentajes de reabsorci&oacute;n de nitr&oacute;geno y f&oacute;sforo foliar en cinco especies de &aacute;rboles de un bosque montano bajo (BMB) a 1850 m.s.n.m. y en cinco de un bosque montano alto (BMA) a 2800 m.s.n.m en la Cordillera Central colombiana, asi como la disponibilidad de nitr&oacute;geno y f&oacute;sforo del suelo. Los porcentajes de reabsorci&oacute;n de N y P no fueron significativamente diferentes entre las especies de estos dos bosques. A pesar de esto, se observ&oacute; que la reabsorci&oacute;n de P foliar tendi&oacute; a ser mayor en las especies del BMB donde la concentraci&oacute;n de P en el suelo fue significativamente m&aacute;s baja (3.2 ppm vs. 9.0 ppm). Cuando la reabsorci&oacute;n de P foliar se expres&oacute; como funci&oacute;n de la concentraci&oacute;n en hojas maduras en 12 tipos de bosques montanos tropicales, se encontr&oacute; una correlaci&oacute;n negativa y estad&iacute;sticamente significativa. Estos resultados sugieren que los porcentajes de reabsorci&oacute;n de P foliar en bosques montanos estar&iacute;an controlados parcialmente por la disponibilidad del elemento.</font></font><font size=-1></font>     <p>    <br><font size=-1></font>     <p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Referencias</font></font></b>     <!-- ref --><p><a NAME="Alexander"></a><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Alexander, E. B. &amp; J. Pichott. 1979. Soil organic matter in relation to altitude in equatorial Colombia. Turrialba 29: 183-188.</font></font><font size=-1></font>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1162196&pid=S0034-7744199900010000500001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p><a NAME="Allen"></a><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Allen, S. E., H.M. Grimshaw, J.A. Parkinson &amp; C. Quarmby. 1974. Chemical Analysis of Ecological Materials. Wiley, Nueva York. 565 p.</font></font><font size=-1></font>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1162197&pid=S0034-7744199900010000500002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p><a NAME="Birk"></a><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Birk, E. J. &amp; P.M. Vitousek. 1986. Nitrogen availability and nitrogen use efficiency in loblolly pine stands. Ecology 67: 69-79.</font></font><font size=-1></font>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1162198&pid=S0034-7744199900010000500003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p><a NAME="Boerner"></a><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Boerner, R. E. J. 1984. Foliar nutrient dynamics and nutrient use efficiency of four deciduos tree species in relation to site fertility. J. App. Ecol. 21: 1029-1040.</font></font><font size=-1></font>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1162199&pid=S0034-7744199900010000500004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p><a NAME="Cavelier1996"></a><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Cavelier, J. 1996. Environmental factors and ecophysiological processes along altitudinal gradients in wet tropical mountains, p. 399-439. <i>In</i> S.S. Mulkey, R.L. Chazdon, &amp; A.P. Smith. (ed.). Tropical forest plant ecophysiology. Chapman &amp; Hall, Nueva York.</font></font>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1162200&pid=S0034-7744199900010000500005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><br><a NAME="Cavelier1986"></a>     ]]></body>
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<body><![CDATA[<p><a NAME="3a"></a><sup><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="#1">3</a> </font></font></sup><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Correspondencia : J. Cavelier, Laboratorio de Ecolog&iacute;a Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Biol&oacute;gicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-70, Bogot&aacute;, Colombia. Fax 2841890. Internet: <a href="mailto:jcavelie@uniandes.edu.co">jcavelie@uniandes.edu.co</a></font></font>      ]]></body><back>
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