<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0001-6002</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Médica Costarricense]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta méd. costarric]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022023000200077</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51481/amc.v65i2.1263</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Susceptibilidad in vitro a antifúngicos de especies de Cándida]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[In vitro antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora-Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaikel-Víquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gross]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Norma T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Microbiología Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Sección de Microbiología de Alimentos y Aguas.]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Pedro Montes de Oca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Microbiología Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Sección de Micología Médica y Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET).]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Pedro Montes de Oca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Microbiología Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Sección de Micología Médica, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET).]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Pedro Montes de Oca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>77</fpage>
<lpage>84</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022023000200077&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022023000200077&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022023000200077&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo. Analizar la susceptibilidad in vitro de aislamientos de Candida spp. provenientes de onicomicosis obtenidos entre 2016 y 2019, para contribuir con el conocimiento sobre la necesidad o no de realizar pruebas de susceptibilidad a los microorganismos aislados antes de prescribir el tratamiento. Métodos. El estudio consistió en identificar 23 aislamientos de Candida spp. utilizando el sistema automatizado Vitek2® (bioMérieux, Francia). Se determinó la susceptibilidad in vitro de estos aislamientos ante dos antifúngicos tópicos (amorolfina y ciclopirox) y dos antifúngicos sistémicos (fluconazol e itraconazol) por el método de microdilución en caldo M27-A3 del Instituto Estándares para el Laboratorio Clínico (CLSI por sus siglas en inglés) de los Estados Unidos de América. Resultados. La mayoría de los aislamientos correspondieron a Candida parapsilosis (34,8 %), seguido por C. albicans (30,3 %), C. guilliermondii (17,4 %), C. tropicalis (8,7 %), C. dubliniensis (4,4 %) y C. krusei (4,4 %). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las CIMs de los diferentes antifúngicos y en promedio hubo susceptibilidad para todos los antifúngicos analizados. Sin embargo, para fluconazol se encontró un aislamiento con CIM alta de C. guilliermondii y un aislamiento resistente de C. parapsilosis.  Conclusiones.  Las directrices internacionales recomiendan pruebas de susceptibilidad para Candida spp. de hemocultivos o tejidos tras infecciones sistémicas. En todas las demás candidiasis se identifica la especie y se revisan sus patrones de susceptibilidad en la literatura. Por lo tanto, es de importancia conocer que aislamientos de onicomicosis de Candida no-albicans, especialmente de C. guilliermondii y C. parapsilosis, presentan una susceptibilidad disminuida a ciertos antifúngicos que se utilizan como tratamiento, por lo que se recomienda realizar pruebas de susceptibilidad en caso de no tener una buena respuesta al tratamiento en casos de onicomicosis por estas levaduras.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Aim.  The purpose of this investigation was to determine the in vitro susceptibility patterns of Candida spp. isolated from onychomycosis, in order to contribute with strategies for optimal clinical laboratory management of patients with onychomycosis infected with these yeasts.  Methods . A total of 23 isolates of Candida spp. were identified with the automatized system Vitek®2 (system bioMérieux, France). In vitro susceptibility patterns were evaluated with two topic antifungals (amorolfine and ciclopirox) and two systemic antifungals (fluconazole and itraconazole) using the Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution M27-A3 guidelines.  Results . Most of the isolates were identified as Candida parapsilosis (34,8 %), followed by C. albicans (30,3 %), C. guilliermondii (17,4 %), C. tropicalis (8,7 %), C. dubliniensis (4,4 %) and C. krusei (4,4 %). There were no statistically significant differences among the MICs of the antifungals tested. However, there was one isolate of C. guilliermondii with high MIC for fluconazole and one fluconazole resistant isolate of C. parapsilosis. Conclusions. Susceptibility tests are only recommended internationally for Candida spp. isolated from blood stream or tissue in systemic infections. In every other candidiasis there is only a species identification, while its susceptibility pattern for treatment is reviewed in literature. Therefore, it is important to report that Candida no-albicans isolates from onychomycosis, especially C. guilliermondii and C. parapsilosis, have a reduced susceptibility to some antifungals commonly used for treatment. According to the obtained in vitro results, we recommend performing antifungal susceptibility testing in those cases of onychomycosis caused by Candida spp. no responsive to treatment.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Antifúngicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Candida spp.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[onicomicosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[susceptibilidad antifúngica.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Antifungal agents]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Candida spp.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fluconazole]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[itraconazole]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[amorolfine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ciclopirox]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[onychomycosis.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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