<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0001-6002</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Médica Costarricense]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta méd. costarric]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022022000300013</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Factores asociados al uso de antibioticoterapia en niños menores de 2 años previamente sanos hospitalizados por bronquiolitis]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Factors associated with the use of antibiotic therapy in previously healthy children under 2 years old hospitalized for bronchiolitis]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz-Echeverría]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avila-De Benedictis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lydiana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social Clínica de Aserrí ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San José ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera" Departamento de Medicina]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San José ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>13</fpage>
<lpage>21</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022022000300013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022022000300013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022022000300013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo:  Perfilar las características de los pacientes y los factores que llevan a la prescripción de antibióticos, en todos los niños menores de 2 años previamente sanos internados con diagnóstico de bronquiolitis, durante un periodo de 12 meses en el hospital pediátrico especializado.  Métodos:  estudio observacional descriptivo de las características clínico-epidemiológicas de los niños previamente sanos menores de dos años hospitalizados con el diagnóstico de bronquiolitis, del 01 de enero al 31 de diciembre del año 2018 en el Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera" de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social de Costa Rica, con un análisis comparativo entre los factores asociados con la utilización o no de antibióticos durante su hospitalización.  Resultados:  Se incluyó un total de 261 niños previamente sanos hospitalizados con bronquiolitis, con una edad promedio de 7.3 meses y predomino del sexo masculino (n=160, 61.3%). El 24.5% presentó exposición a fumado pasivo. Un 66.1% de los pacientes no tuvieron antecedente de sibilancias previas al internamiento y un 52.2% con el antecedente familiar de asma bronquial. Se registró que el 17.2% (n=45) recibió antibióticos durante su hospitalización. Los factores asociados con la prescripción de los antibióticos fueron la presencia de opacidades pulmonares (p=0.001, OR: 32.2) e infiltrados bronconeumónicos (p=0.002, OR:2.72) en la radiografía de tórax, la escalada a terapia con cánula de alto flujo (p&lt;0.001, OR: 4.43) y la ventilación mecánica asistida (p=0.001, OR: 7.17).  Conclusión:  Los dos factores que llevan al médico a prescribir antibióticos al paciente sano con BQL son el deterioro del patrón respiratorio que lleva a la necesidad de intubar y ventilar y la presencia de opacidades pulmonares e infiltrados bronconeumónicos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Aim:  Identify the patient characteristics and the factors related to the prescription of antibiotics, in all previously healthy children under 2 years of age hospitalized with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis, during a period of 12 months in a pediatric hospital.  Methods:  descriptive observational study of the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of previously healthy children under two years of age hospitalized with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis, from January 1 to December 31, 2018 at the National Children's Hospital "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera" of the Costa Rican Social Security, with a comparative analysis between the factors associated with the use or not of antibiotics during hospitalization.  Results:  A total of 261 previously healthy children hospitalized with bronchiolitis were included, with a mean age of 7.3 months and a predominance of males (n=160, 61.3%). 24.5% presented exposure to passive smoking. 66.1% of the patients had no history of wheezing prior to hospitalization and 52.2% had a family history of bronchial asthma. It was recorded that 17.2% (n=45) received antibiotics during their hospitalization. Factors associated with the prescription of antibiotics were the presence of pulmonary opacities (p=0.001, OR: 32.2) and bronchopneumonic infiltrates (p=0.002, OR: 2.72) on chest radiography, escalation to high-pressure cannula therapy flow (p&lt;0.001, OR: 4.43) and assisted mechanical ventilation (p=0.001, OR: 7.17).  Conclusion:  two factors that lead the physician to prescribe antibiotics in the healthy patient with bronchiolitis, the deterioration of the respiratory pattern that lead to intubation and ventilate the healthy patient with BQL and the presence of radiologic pulmonary opacities and bronchopneumonic infiltrates.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bronquiolitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Virus Respiratorio Sincicial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Lactantes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[antibióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bronchiolitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[respiratory syncytial virus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[infants]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antibiotics]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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