<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0001-6002</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Médica Costarricense]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta méd. costarric]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022021000100014</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Uso de la sedación y anestesia en los pacientes pediátricos sometidos a radioterapia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Use of sedation and anesthesia in the pediatrics patients undergoing radiotherapy]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado-Valverde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Montero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anna]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esquivel-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jéssica]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social Hospital de Los Chiles Servicio de Pediatría]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social Hospital Nacional de Niños &#8220;Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera Servicio de Oncología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>14</fpage>
<lpage>20</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022021000100014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022021000100014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022021000100014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Justificación: La radioterapia es esencial para el tratamiento del cáncer pediátrico. Al menos la mitad de los niños que requieren radioterapia van a necesitar sedación o anestesia. Es importante conocer las complicaciones potenciales asociadas con el uso repetitivo de medicamentos sedantes o anestésicos. El objetivo del estudio fue describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer del Hospital Nacional de Niños &#8220;Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera&#8221;, de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, que recibieron sedación o anestesia durante su tratamiento con radioterapia externa en el período de enero del 2016 a junio del 2019.  Métodos:  Es un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo de una serie de casos. Se incluyeron pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de cáncer, sometidos a tratamiento con radioterapia y que requirieron sedación o anestesia durante esa intervención. Las técnicas estadísticas utilizadas para las variables cualitativas fueron tablas de frecuencias simples y de asociación o contingencia; las variables cuantitativas se describen mediante estadígrafos de tendencia central y posición, así como de variabilidad.  Resultados: Un total de 61 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer y que recibieron radioterapia fueron estudiados. El 57,4% de los pacientes fueron hombres. El 75% de los pacientes tenía 4,0 años o menos. La localización anatómica más frecuente del tumor fue en sistema nervioso central. Una minoría (14,5%) recibió como tratamiento único la radioterapia. El 75% de los pacientes recibió 30 o menos sesiones de tratamiento bajo sedación o anestesia. El propofol se suministró al 100,0% de los pacientes en todas las sesiones de tratamiento. El tiempo promedio de sedación o anestesia fue de 67,9 ± 28,2 minutos. El 34,4% de los pacientes presentaron complicaciones respiratorias, cardiovasculares o ambas, en al menos una sesión de tratamiento.  Conclusiones:  En los pacientes pediátricos con cáncer quienes reciben tratamiento con radioterapia, fue requerido el uso de la sedación y anestesia principalmente en niños de corta edad; en general, las complicaciones de la radioterapia fueron transitorias y usualmente bien toleradas, sin presentar morbimortalidad. Como monoterapia, el Propofol no mostró complicaciones asociadas; sin embargo, al adicionar otros fármacos sí se observaron complicaciones respiratorias y predominó la desaturación transitoria de oxígeno.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: Radiation therapy is essential for the treatment of pediatric cancer. At least half of the children who require radiation therapy will need sedation or anesthesia. It is important to know the potential complications associated with repetitive use of sedative or anesthetic medications. The objective of the study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients diagnosed with cancer at the National Children&#8217;s Hospital &#8220;Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera&#8221; of the Costa Rican Social Security Fund, who received sedation or anesthesia during their treatment with external radiotherapy in the period from January 2016 to June 2019.  Methods:  It is an observational, descriptive and retrospective study of a series of cases. Pediatric patients diagnosed with cancer, who underwent radiotherapy treatment and who required sedation or anesthesia during that intervention were included. The statistical techniques used for the qualitative variables were simple frequency tables and association or contingency tables; quantitative variables are described using central tendency and position statistics, as well as variability.  Results:  A total of 61 patients diagnosed with cancer and receiving radiotherapy were studied. 57.4% of the patients were men. 75% of patients were 4.0 years or younger. The most frequent anatomic location of the tumor was in the central nervous system. A minority (14.5%) received radiotherapy as the only treatment. 75% of patients received 30 or fewer treatment sessions under sedation or anesthesia. Propofol was administered to 100.0% of patients in all treatment sessions. The average sedation or anesthesia time was 67.9 ± 28.2 minutes. 34.4% of the patients presented respiratory or cardiovascular complications, or both, in at least onetreatment session.  Conclusions: In pediatric patients diagnosed with cancer, the use of sedation and anesthesia during radiotherapy treatment was required mainly in young children and in moderate frequency, the complications of the radiation therapy were temporary and usually well tolerated, without presenting morbidity and mortality. Propofol as monotherapy turned out to have no associated complications, however, when other drugs were added, adverse effects were observed in respiratory system, the most frequent being transient oxygen desaturation.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sedación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[anestesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pediatría]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tratamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[radioterapia.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sedation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[anesthesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pediatrics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[treatment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[radiotherapy.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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