<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0001-6002</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Médica Costarricense]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta méd. costarric]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022020000300119</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Anemia aplásica en población pediátrica de Costa Rica: experiencia de 10 años]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Aplastic anemia in Costa Rican pediatric population: a 10 year experience]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sebastián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valverde-Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kathia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Carlos Luis Valverde Vega. Servicio de Pediatría ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social Hospital Nacional de Niños &#8220;Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera&#8221; Servicio de Hematología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>119</fpage>
<lpage>125</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022020000300119&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022020000300119&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022020000300119&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo:  La anemia aplásica es una enfermedad rara, potencialmente mortal sin diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la epidemiología de la anemia aplásica en la población de 0 a 13 años a nivel nacional, atendida en el Hospital Nacional de Niños &#8220;Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera&#8221;, de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, único centro del país disponible para la atención en hematología pediátrica.  Métodos:  Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo de los pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Hematología Pediátrica, con diagnóstico de anemia aplásica adquirida y las diversas formas de aplasias congénitas, en el periodo de enero 2006 a junio de 2016. Se registró el tipo de tratamiento recibido, su respuesta y la mortalidad asociada con la enfermedad, así como algunos datos epidemiológicos.  Resultados:  Se analizó un total de 27 casos, 23 con anemia aplásica adquirida y 4 con diversos tipos de anemias congénitas. La edad media al momento del diagnóstico fue de 81,7 meses, con una relación hombre: mujer de 1.1:1. De los 23 pacientes con anemia aplásica adquirida, 10 recibieron tratamiento con globulina antitimocito y presentaron respuesta a la globulina equina 2/5 pacientes como primera línea de tratamiento y 1 como segunda línea; con la globulina de conejo se obtuvo respuesta en 1/5 pacientes como primera línea y en 2 como segunda línea. Tres pacientes recibieron tratamiento con trasplante de médula ósea y presentaron una respuesta completa, sin evidenciar datos de enfermedad de injerto versus huésped u otras complicaciones al finalizar el estudio. No se logró demostrar diferencia significativa respecto al sexo, edad de diagnóstico, valores del hemograma, frecuencia de requerimiento de plaquetas o glóbulos rojos, grado de severidad ni mortalidad.  Conclusión:  Se confirmó la baja prevalencia de la anemia aplásica; la muestra obtenida durante el periodo analizado es pequeña y limita la observación de características relevantes ante referentes internacionales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective:  Aplastic anemia is a rare and life-threatening disease without diagnosis and early treatment. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological characters of patients with aplastic anemia and 0-13 years old in Costa Rica, to treat in the Hospital Nacional de Niños Dr.Carlos Sáenz Herrera, CajaCostarricense de Seguro Social; only there offers Pediatric Hematology service.  Methods:  We performed an observational retrospective study, there including the patients diagnosed with both acquired aplastic anemia and inherited bone marrow failure syndromes from January 2006 to June 2016, regardless of sex or ethnicity. We evaluated the treatment received, the response to each treatment, and mortality associated with the disease.  Results: An overall of 27 patients were included, 23 diagnosed with acquired aplastic anemia and, 4 with bone marrow failure syndrome. The mean age of diagnosis was 81.7 months, with a male to female ratio of 1.1:1. Of the 23 patients diagnosed with acquired aplastic anemia, 10 received immunosuppressive therapy with antithymocite globulin, with a response to horse globulin as a first line treatment in 2/5 patients, and 1 as a second line treatment. Patients with rabbit globulin showed to response in 1/5 cases when used as a first line treatment, and a response as a second line treatment after a no response treatment with horse globulin in 2/3 patients. Three patients treated with a matched related donor bone marrow transplant and showed complete response, without complications including graft versus host disease by the end of the study period. There was no statistical difference regarding sex, age of diagnosis, blood cell counts, frequency of blood product transfusions, degree of severity associated or, mortality.  Conclusions:  Our results confirm the low incidence of aplastic anemia, it&#8217;s a little study population and has limited results of relevant characteristics and can´t compare with international studies.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pediatría]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[anemia aplásica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[anemia aplásica adquirida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[trasplante de médula ósea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[globulina antitimocito]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pediatrics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[aplastic anemia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[acquired aplastic anemia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bone marrow transplant]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antithymocite globulin]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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