<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0001-6002</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Médica Costarricense]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta méd. costarric]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022020000200057</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Hidroxicloroquina: Del fármaco de herencia Inca hasta la inmunología moderna]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Hydroxychloroquine: Inca inheritance drug to modern immunology]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfaro-Murillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León-Bratti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Paz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social Universidad de Costa Rica Servicio de Medicina Interna]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San José ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>57</fpage>
<lpage>64</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022020000200057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022020000200057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022020000200057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La hidroxicloroquina es un antiguo fármaco proveniente del árbol de quino (Cinchona pubescens), a partir del componente químico alcaloide llamado quinina. Sus primeros usos se documentaron en el Imperio Inca del Perú. Se caracteriza por distintos efectos beneficiosos en enfermedades inmunológicas, al disminuir los procesos de autoinflamación y autoinmunidad persistente. Esta revisión se enfoca en describir los mecanismos inmunomoduladores de la hidroxicloroquina, así como los efectos del fármaco en algunas de las enfermedades autoinmunes más prevalentes: lupus eritematoso sistémico, artritis reumatoide, síndrome de Sjögren, vasculitis sistémicas, nefropatía por IgA, síndrome antifosfolípido, distintas enfermedades inmunológicas de la piel. También se revisarán los efectos adversos descritos para este fármaco, especialmente la toxicidad de retina, que es el más temido.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Hydroxychloroquine is an old drug derived from the quino tree (Cinchona pubescens), from the alkaloid chemical component called quinine. Its first uses trace back to the Inca empire of Peru. It is characterized by different beneficial effects in immunological diseases, decreasing the processes of autoinflammation and persistent autoimmunity. This review focuses on describing the immunomodulatory mechanisms of hydroxychloroquine as well as the effects of the drug on some of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren&#8217;s syndrome, systemic vasculitis, IgA nephropathy, antiphospholipid syndrome, different skin-related autoimmune disorders. The main adverse effects will be revised, focusing in the retinal toxicity.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hidroxicloroquina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[quinina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[autoinmunidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[receptores Toll-Like]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enfermedades de la retina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hydroxychloroquine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Quinine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Autoimmunity, Toll-Like Receptors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Retinal Diseases]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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