<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0001-6002</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Médica Costarricense]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta méd. costarric]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022019000300104</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Patrón de marcha normal en adultos mayores costarricenses]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Normal gait pattern in elderly costaricans]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfaro-Salas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kattia Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinoza-Sequeira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfaro-Vindas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carol]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calvo-Ureña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alexandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social Hospital Nacional de Geriatría y Gerontología Servicio de Valoración y hospital de día]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>104</fpage>
<lpage>110</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022019000300104&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022019000300104&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022019000300104&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El estudio es de tipo descriptivo prospectivo, con el objetivo de evaluar la marcha de los adultos mayores de 60 años, para definir parámetros de normalidad del patrón de marcha en este grupo poblacional, que sirvan de referencia para el estudio de los adultos mayores con alteración de la marcha. Se les aplicó: una prueba FiCSIT4, Sit-to-stand test, índice dinámico de marcha modificado y una caminata en la alfombra Gait Rite. Los resultados se compararon según género y según los valores de referencia de los test, con un nivel de significancia del 0,05. Se contó con una muestra de 200 participantes seleccionados al azar en la consulta externa del Hospital Nacional de Geriatría y en grupos para adultos mayores, todos independientes para actividades básicas de la vida diaria y sin factores de riesgo de caídas. Se encontró un desempeño promedio en la prueba FiCSIT4 de 26,96(DS 1,206); para el IDMm se evidenció dificultad para la marcha con giros verticales y horizontales de cabeza, con menor rendimiento en los mayores de 80 años y en las mujeres al rodear obstáculos y subir escaleras. Se obtuvo una velocidad de la marcha promedio de 151,6 cm/seg en hombres, y las mujeres 136,8 cm/seg, sin diferencia significativa por género o grupos de edad, con una cadencia promedio de 122 pasos/min, longitud promedio de la zancada izquierda en 141,3 cm y 141,1 cm,la derecha. En conclusión, los adultos mayores presentan un patrón de marcha normal, a pesar de los cambios por el envejecimiento y la comorbilidad, muy similar al de los adultos menores de 60 años.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The present study is descriptive, its objective was to evaluate the gait of adults over 60 years, to define parameters of normality of the gait speed in this population group to serve as a reference for the study of older adults with impaired gait and describe gait parameters. They tests applied were the FiCSIT4 test, the Sit-to-stand test, mIDM and walked on the Gait Rite walkway. The results were compared according to gender and according with the test reference values with a p &lt;0.05 considered to indicate statistical significance. A sample of 200 participants were randomly selected from the outpatient clinic of the National Geriatrics Hospital and in groups for senior citizens; all of the candidates were independent in basic activities of daily life, without risk factors for falls. The mean performance in the FiCSIT4 test was 26.96 (SD 1.206), in the mIDM test a difficulty walking with vertical and horizontal head turns was found with lower significant performance in the group of 80 to 85 years, as well as a significant difference in favor of men in surrounding obstacles and climbing stairs. An average gait speed of 151.6 cm/s was obtained in men and an average gait speed of 136.8 cm/s in women, without significant difference by gender or age groups, with an average cadence of 122 steps/min, an average length of the left stride of 141.3 cm and 141.1 cm of the right stride. We concluded that the older adults in this study had a normal gait pattern, despite the changes associated with aging and the associated comorbidity and it was very similar to the gait pattern of adults under the 60 years of age.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[marcha]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[velocidad al caminar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[anciano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gait]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gait speed]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[elderly.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Manejo del trastorno de marcha del adulto mayor.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Med. Clin. Condes.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>265-275.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jahn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zwergal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shiniepp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gait Disturbances in Old Age.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dtsch Arztebl Int.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<page-range>306-316.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enríquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Celestino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Función ejecutiva, velocidad de marcha y tarea doble en adultos mayores mexicanos.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Ibero Psicol ejercicio deporte]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>345-357.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cámara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis de la marcha: sus fases y variables espacio-temporales.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Entramado]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>160-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ganeglius]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Locomoción humana. Evaluación de la marcha en el adulto mayor.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Carta geriátr. geronto.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>1-36.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salzman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. MD.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gait and Balance Disorders in Older Adults.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am Fam Physician.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<page-range>61-68.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chavez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Velocidad de la marcha en adultos mayores de la comunidad en Lima, Perú.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Med Hered.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>133</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Studenski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faulkner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inzitari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adult]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>305</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mbouroua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lajoieb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teasdalea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Step Length Variability at Gait Initiation in Elderly Fallers and Non-Fallers, and Young]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Adults. Gerontology.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>21-26.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cedric]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hennic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walrandd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montero-Odassoe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duquef]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duvala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D and walking speed in older adults: Systematic review and metaanalysis.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Maturitas]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<page-range>8-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peel N]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kuys S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gait speed as a measure in geriatric assessment in clinical settings: A systematic review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>39-46.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abellan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rolland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrieu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beaucheta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonnefoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gait speed at usual pace as a predictor of adverse outcomes in community-dwelling older people an International Academy on Nutrition and Aging (IANA) Task Force.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Nutr. Health. Aging.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>881-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montero-Odasso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schapira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soriano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaplan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gait velocity as a single predictor of adverse events in healthy seniors aged 75 years and older.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci .]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<page-range>1304-1309.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fritz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lusardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Walking speed: The sixth vital sign.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Geriatric Phycal Therapy.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>2-5.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Man]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yongtao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jingxi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ying]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does gait speed replace comprehensive geriatric assessment in the elderly.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Geront.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>232-236.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Satterfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gait Speed Predicts Incident Disability: A Pooled Analysis.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<page-range>63-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[König]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klaming]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pijl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Demeurraux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Objective measurement of gait parameters in healthy and cognitively impaired elderly using the dual-task paradigm.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aging Clin Exp Res.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>1181-1189.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. PhD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Change in hand dexterity and habitual gait speed reflects cognitive decline over time in healthy older adults: a longitudinal study.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Phys. Ther. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>1737-1741.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[I Informe situación de la persona adulta mayor en Costa Rica.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<edition>Arodys Robles</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica. ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Millor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lecumberri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Izquierdo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An evaluation of the 30-s chair stand test in older adults: frailty detection based on kinematic parameters from a single inertial unit.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JNER]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>10</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindemanna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farahmand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klenka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blatzonise]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Department validity of linear encoder measurement of sit-to-stand performance power in older people.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys Ther.]]></source>
<year></year>
<volume>101</volume>
<page-range>298-302.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lord]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chapma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Munro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tiedemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sit-to-stand performance depends on sensation, speed, balance, and psychological status in addition to strength in older people.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Gerontol. Med Sci.]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>57A</volume>
<page-range>539-M543.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bohannon R]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bubela D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magasi S]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WangY.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gershon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sit-to-stand test: Performance and determinants across the age-span.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Isokinet Exerc Sci.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>235-240.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Demura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effectiveness of Sit-to-stand Test for Evaluating Physical Functioning and Fall Risk in Community-dwelling Elderly]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Human Performance Measurement- J-Stage.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>1-7.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ko T yd Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of Community-Dwelling Older Adults&#8217; Demographics and Social, Mental, and Physical Functions on Depressive Disorder.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Phys Ther Sci]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>463-466.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freeman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Broman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[West]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Motion-Detection Threshold and Measures of Balance in Older Adults: The SEE Project. Investig.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ophthalmol]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>5257-5263.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noritake]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shumway-Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evidence for the Validity of the Modified Dynamic Gait Index Across Diagnostic Groups.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys Ther.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>94</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shumway-Cook A]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Taylor]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[C]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Noritake P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Studer M.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Whetten B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Expanding the Scoring System for the Dynamic Gait Index.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys Ther.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<page-range>493-1506.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fritz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Light]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velozo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of Item Response Analysis to Investigate Measurement Properties and Clinical Validity of Data for the Dynamic Gait Index.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys Ther.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>86</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación del paciente con trastorno de la marcha.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Hosp Clín Univ Chile.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>326-6.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cascudo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ranero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Velocidad de la marcha y algunas variables espacio-temporales en adultos mayores.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geroinfo]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>13</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Callisaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blizzard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmidt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGinley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Srikanth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ageing and gait variability - a population-based study of older people.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Age ageing.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>191-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hausdorff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaliton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Layne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nuernberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Etiology and modification of gait instability in older adults: a randomized controlled trial of exercise.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Appl Physiol.]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<page-range>2117-2129.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steffen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hacker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mollinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Age and Gender-Related Test Performance in Community-Dwelling Elderly People: Six-Minute Walk Test, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up &amp; Go Test, and Gait Speeds.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys Ther.]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>82</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fábrica]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferraro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación del equilibrio durante la marcha a velocidad autoseleccionada en jóvenes saludables, adultos mayores no caedores y adultos mayores con alto riesgo de caídas.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Med Urug.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>147-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liu]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xinhua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hu]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Usual walking speed and all-cause mortality risk in older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gait posture.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>172-177.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
