<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0001-6002</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Médica Costarricense]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta méd. costarric]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022019000100006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Inmunización en personal de salud]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Immunization in health care workers]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinoza-Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María del Rosario]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lazo-Páez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gustavo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Roche Centroamérica y Caribe  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Heredia ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San José ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Nacional de Niños &#8220;Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera Servicio de Inmunología y Reumatología Pediátric ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San José ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San José ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>6</fpage>
<lpage>12</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022019000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022019000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022019000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Justificación: La inmunoprofilaxis del personal sanitario conlleva múltiples propósitos que engloban tanto la protección de los pacientes como de los funcionarios mismos, y redunda en un claro beneficio para el empleador. En particular, la protección de pacientes inmunocomprometidos y con bajo potencial de desarrollar respuestas vacunales efectivas es de suma importancia. Programas de inmunización sistemática del personal de salud pueden reducir el riesgo de enfermedad, minimizar el impacto de accidentes laborales con materiales infecciosos y mantener la fuerza de trabajo indemne en los centros médicos durante los brotes estacionales de algunas infecciones.  Objetivos: Concatenar los esquemas de vacunación recomendados actualmente para los funcionarios que laboran en centros de salud y ofrecer una guía adaptada a la realidad epidemiológica nacional.  Métodos: Se efectuó una revisión no sistemática de bibliografía médica publicada en Internet entre 1990 y 2018, concerniente a vacunación de empleados sanitarios. De igual manera, se compararon los respectivos esquemas de inmunización vigentes en América y Europa.  Conclusiones: La trasmisión de enfermedades infecciosas en los centros sanitarios es un problema de salud pública frecuentemente no reconocido, pero sustancial, que pone en riesgo tanto a los usuarios como al personal de estas instituciones. La inmunización de los trabajadores sanitarios es una estrategia fundamental para prevenir y contener la diseminación de agentes infecciosos a nivel hospitalario. Esta medida puede crear &#8220;inmunidad de rebaño&#8221; para proteger a pacientes y funcionarios que no se hayan vacunado o no puedan generar inmunidad suficiente contra determinados patógenos. Además, la vacunación de los empleados de salud constituye un punto de referencia para motivar las inmunizaciones en los demás segmentos de la población.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: Immune prophylaxis in health care personnel induces multiple positive effects that include protection for patients, as well as for employees and results with a clear benefit for the employers. Especially in immunological compromised patient groups and individuals who present a diminished potential to develop immunity to vaccination, contagion prevention is of highest importance. Systematic immunization programs can help to lower disease risks, minimize impact of occupational accidents related to handling of contagious materials and maintain the intactness of workforce in medical centers during periods of seasonal infection outbreaks.  Objectives: This article resumes the present recommended schemes for vaccination of health care personnel and concludes them in a guideline adapted to the country´s epidemiologic reality.  Methods: A non-systematic revision of medical literature related to immunization of health care personnel, published online between 1990 and 2018, was realized. In the same manner, a comparison of active vaccination schemes existing in Europe and the United States of America has been executed.  Conclusion: The transmission of infectious diseases in health care installations represents a frequently ignored problem which substantially elevates the infection risk of patients as well as of health care personnel. The vaccination of health care personnel represents the easiest to imply and most effective strategy to inhibit this kind of transmission of infectious diseases. As well, this measure can create a &#8220;herd immunity&#8221; protecting patients and health care personnel who are not vaccinated or in conditions where they can not develop sufficient immunity against infectious agents. Furthermore, the immunization of the health care workers represents a reference and an example of motivation to other parts of the population.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vacunas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistema de salud]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[personal sanitario]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[respuesta inmune]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inmunodeficiencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vaccine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[health care system]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[health care personnel]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[immune response]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[immunodeficiency]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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