<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0001-6002</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Médica Costarricense]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta méd. costarric]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022018000300127</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Uso de cánula de alto flujo en niños menores de 24 meses en salones de pediatría]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Use of high flow nasal cannula in infants younger than 24 months in general pediatric rooms]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barahona-Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana-Marcela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávila De Benedictis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lydiana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdelnour-Vásquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Departamento de Neurodesarrollo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Departamento de Medicina  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,CCSS Hospital Nacional de Niños Unidad de Enseñanza]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San José ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>127</fpage>
<lpage>131</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022018000300127&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022018000300127&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022018000300127&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Justificación y objetivo: La patología respiratoria más frecuente y la principal causa de hospitalización en niños menores de 2 años en Costa Rica y el mundo, es la bronquiolitis. La terapia no invasiva de alto flujo se introdujo en Costa Rica en 2008. El objetivo de este trabajo fue demostrar la utilidad de la cánula de alto flujo en niños menores de 2 años con patología respiratoria.  Métodos: Estudio transversal observacional en pacientes menores de 2 años que requirieron la colocación de cánula de alto flujo, de julio a octubre de 2015, en el Hospital Nacional de Niños.  Resultados: Se realizó un análisis de 63 pacientes, con una media de edad de 10 meses y un peso promedio de 8,6 kg. El principal diagnóstico fue bronquiolitis y el germen más común fue metaneumovirus. Se demostró una mejoría estadísticamente significativa en la saturación de oxígeno y el puntaje, luego de la colocación de la cánula de alto flujo (p &lt; 0,05), y disminución de la frecuencia respiratoria (p 0,016) entre los que no requirieron ventilación mecánica asistida, con un valor de siquiera un 30 % menos de la inicial. Hasta un 95 % de los pacientes con una saturación de oxígeno inicial menor al 87 %, ameritó la colocación de ventilación mecánica asistida. La duración promedio de terapia fue de 2 días. De los pacientes estudiados, 16 (25 %) llegaron a requerir ventilación mecánica asistida.  Conclusiones: En el grupo analizado, la cánula de alto flujo demostró mejoría en los parámetros clínicos. Los pacientes que ameritaron ventilación mecánica asistida fueron aquellos en donde la mejoría en el puntaje de gravedad fue menor o igual a 2 puntos, o no hubo disminución en la frecuencia respiratoria de al menos un 30 %, y la saturación de oxígeno inicial fue menor al 87 %.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background and aim: Bronquiolitis remains the most common respiratory etiology that affects children under 2 years of age, and the most common cause of hospitalization in this age group. Non-invasive technology with high flow nasal cannula was first introduced in Costa Rica in 2008; the main goal of the study was to demonstrate the utility of this cannula in children under 2 years of age with respiratory disease.  Methodology: Transversal observational study, in children under 2 years of age that required high flow nasal cannula therapy, from July to October 2015 in Costa Rica&#8217;s main hospital, Hospital Nacional de Niños.  Results: A final simple of 63 patients was obtained. The majority came from the central area of the country, with an average age of 10 months and an average weight of 8,6 kg. The main diagnosis was bronquiolitis. The most commonly virus found was the Metaneumovirus. There was a significant improve in the oxygen saturation with the device (p &lt; 0,05) and a significant reduction in respiratory rates (p 0,016) between the children that did not required intubation of at least 30% from the initial value. Up to 95% of the patients with initial oxygen saturation less tan 87% required mechanical ventilation. The average duration of the therapy was of two days. 16 patients (25%) required mechanical ventilation.  Conclusions: In Costa Rica, the high flow nasal cannula therapy works and improves clinical parameters. The patients that required intubation were those in which the improvement of the severity scale was of 2 or less points, was no reduction in respiratory rates of at least 30% and the initial oxygen saturation was less than 87%.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bronquiolitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cánula de alto flujo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ventilación no invasiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ventilación mecánica invasiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bronquiolitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[high flow nasal cannula]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[noninvasive ventilation therapy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mechanical ventilation therapy]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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