<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0001-6002</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Médica Costarricense]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta méd. costarric]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022017000400134</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El diagnóstico en psiquiatría: una discusión teórica y práctica para el abordaje clínico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Diagnosis in psychiatry: a theoretical and practical discussion for clinical assessment]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raventós Vorst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Henriette]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Biología Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>134</fpage>
<lpage>137</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022017000400134&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022017000400134&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022017000400134&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El artículo aborda las dificultades en el diagnóstico psiquiátrico por las características propias de estos trastornos que, junto con la definición de lo patológico desde la prescripción de lo moralmente aceptado y los conflictos de interés entre la psiquiatría y las compañías farmacéuticas, han llevado a cuestionar las categorías diagnósticas en este campo del saber. Se argumenta la necesidad de contar con categorías, aunque imperfectas, para el abordaje clínico inicial, para el disfrute de los derechos laborales y en atención médica, para la investigación en este campo y para la definición y asignación de recursos en políticas públicas basadas en evidencia. Se explica cómo el personal de salud debe evaluar la percepción subjetiva del padeciente acerca de su sintomatología, malestar y disfunción, aunado a una cuidadosa observación del comportamiento no verbal y paraverbal, para proponer un diagnóstico sindrómico presuntivo y el abordaje inicial. Los criterios diagnósticos del DSM o la CIE no se deben aplicar como un &#8220;checklist&#8221; que resulta en un diagnóstico final incuestionable. Por último, se hace un llamado a desestigmatizar las categorías psiquiátricas. Se ha demostrado que el temor a la estigmatización resultante del etiquetado en psiquiatría, contribuye a que las personas no busquen ayuda profesional para trastornos en los que el tratamiento psicoterapéutico y farmacológico mejoran el malestar, calidad de vida y funcionalidad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article addresses the difficulties in psychiatric diagnoses together with the practical need for these labels. The characteristics of these disorders, the definition of what is considered pathological by morally prescribed standards and the conflicts of interest between psychiatry and pharmaceutical companies, have led to question the diagnostic categories in this field of knowledge. We argue that diagnostic categories are necessary, for the initial clinical approach; for access to medical care, disability and other legal rights; for research in this field; and for the definition and allocation of resources in evidence-based public policies. We discuss how clinical practitioners should assess the subjective perception of the sufferer of their symptoms, discomfort and dysfunction, together with a careful observation of non-verbal and para-verbal behavior, to propose a presumptive syndromic diagnosis and the initial approach. The diagnostic criteria of the DSM or ICD should not be applied as a &#8220;checklist&#8221; resulting in an unquestionable final diagnosis. Finally, we make a call to de-stigmatize the psychiatric categories. Fear of stigmatization resulting from psychiatric labels has been shown to contribute to sufferers not seeking professional help, for disorders in which psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatment, improves symptomatology, quality of life and functionality.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[DSM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diagnóstico psiquiátrico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[movimiento antipsiquiatría]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estigma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[psychiatric diagnosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antipsychiatric movement]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[stigma]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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