<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0001-6002</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Médica Costarricense]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta méd. costarric]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022015000400184</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Hipocalcemia e hipoparatiroidismo post-tiroidectomía]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barquero-Melchor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hermann]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juantá-Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Josías]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital México Depto. de Hematooncología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,aff2  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital San Juan de Dios, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social Depto. de Hematooncología Servicio de Oncología Quirúrgica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>184</fpage>
<lpage>189</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022015000400184&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022015000400184&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022015000400184&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:Justificación:la hipocalcemia y el hipoparatiroidismo son complicaciones frecuentes tras la tiroidectomía. Sin embargo, su incidencia varía ampliamente en la bibliografía médica y sus factores de riesgo no están bien establecidos.Métodos:a través de una recolección prospectiva de datos, se identificó 35 pacientes tiroidectomizados entre junio y noviembre de 2012. La hipocalcemia se definió como un valor de calcio sérico en el primer día postoperatorio, menor de 7,5 mEq/l, sin síntomas, o menor de 8,5 mEq/l, con síntomas o signos asociados con hipocalcemia. El hipoparatiroidismo se definió como un calcio sérico a los 12 meses de la operación menor de 8,5 mEq/l, y/o el requerimiento de calcio y vitamina D. Se extrajeron variables adicionales como la edad del paciente, sexo, antecedente de cirugía tiroidea previa, estancia posoperatoria y cirujano principal de la operación.Resultados:catorce (42,4%) de los treinta y cinco pacientes sometidos a tiroidectomía desarrollaron hipocalcemia, y ocho (22,8%) sufrieron hipoparatiroidismo. En el procedimiento quirúrgico de tiroidectomía total, se presentó una mayor incidencia de hipocalcemia (50%) y de hipoparatiroidismo (28,6%) cuando se comparó con el procedimiento de tiroidectomía subtotal. Factores adicionales asociados significativamente con hipocalcemia e hipoparatiroidismo fueron el diagnóstico citológico prequirúrgico de malignidad (p = 0,014; p = 0,044), la linfadenectomía cervical (p = 0,024; p = 0,033) y un médico asistente especialista como cirujano principal (p = 0,030; p = 0,027). La hipocalcemia tras la tiroidectomía produjo 4,9 días más de estancia hospitalaria (8,0 vs 3,1 días; p = 0,018).Conclusión:la hipocalcemia y el hipoparatiroidismo son complicaciones frecuentes de la tiroidectomía, particularmente tiroidectomía total por cáncer o con linfadenectomía cervical o realizada por un médico asistente.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:Background:Hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism are common complications following thyroidectomy. However, their incidence varies widely in the literature and their risk factors are not well established.Methods:Thirty-five patients that had a thyroidectomy between June and November 2012 were identified prospectively. Hypocalcaemia was defined as a value of less than 7.5 meq/L of seric calcium in the first day after surgery without symptoms or of less than 8.5 meq/L with symptoms or signs associated with hypocalcaemia. Hypoparathyroidism was defined as a value of less than 8.5 meq/L of seric calcium 12 months after surgery and/or the need of calcium and vitamin D suplementation. Additional variables evaluated were age, sex, history of thyroid surgery, days at the hospital after surgery and main surgeon of the procedure.Results:Overall, 14 (42.4%) out of 35 patients who underwent thyroidectomy developed hypocalcaemia and 8 (22.8%) suffered from hypoparathyroidism. Total thyroidectomy resulted in a higher incidence (50%) of hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism (28.6) when compared with unilateral thyroid lobectomy. Additional factors significantly associated with postoperative hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism included pre-operative malignant cytology (p = 0.014; p= 0.044), cervical lymphadenectomy (p = 0.024; p = 0.033) and a consultant as main surgeon (p = 0.030; p = 0.027). Hypocalcaemia following thyroidectomy resulted in 4.9 days of extended hospital stay (8.0 versus 3.1 days p = 0.018).Conclusion:Hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism are frequent complications of thyroidectomy, particularly total thyroidectomy associated with cancer or cervical lymphadenectomy or performed by a specialized physician as main surgeon.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hipocalcemia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hipoparatiroidismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cáncer de tiroides]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tiroidectomía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Costa Rica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hypocalcaemia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hypoparathyroidism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[thyroid cancer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Costa Rica]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Parathyroid preservation during thyroid surgery]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaffe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Otolaryngol]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>113-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thyroid surgery - the choice]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwartz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ituarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lo Gerfo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Endocrinol Metab]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<page-range>1097-105</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk factors for postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McHenry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Speroff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wentworth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murphy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Surgery]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>641-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Outpatient thyroid and parathyroid surgery: a prospective study of feasibility, safety, and costs]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mowschenson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hodin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Surgery]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>118</volume>
<page-range>1051-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Total thyroidectomy is now the preferred option for the surgical management of Graves' disease]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barakate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agarwal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reeve]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barraclough]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dellbridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ANZ J Surg]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<page-range>321-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Total thyroidectomy: the evolution of surgical technique]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delbridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ANZ J Surg]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<page-range>761-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Total thyroidectomy is superior to subtotal thyroidectomy for management of graves' disease in the United States]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilhelm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McHenry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[World J Surg]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>1261-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multivariate analysis of risk factors for postoperative complications in benign goiter surgery: prospective multicenter study in Germany]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomusch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sekulla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ukkat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lippert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gastinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[World J Surg]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>1335-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Secondary thyroidectomy in patients with prior thyroid surgery for benign disease: a study of 203 cases]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menegaux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turpin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leenhardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chadarevian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aurengo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Surgery]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>126</volume>
<page-range>479-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Safety and efficacy of surgical management of hyperthyroidism: 15-Year experience from a tertiary care center in a developing country.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pradeep]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agarwal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baxi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agarwal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mishra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[World J Surg]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>306-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Postoperative hypocalcemia - the difference a definition makes.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehanna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Randeva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watkinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Head Neck]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>279-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of the complications of subtotal, near total and total thyroidectomy in the surgical management of multinodular goiter.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ozbas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kocak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aydintug]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cakmak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Demirkiran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wushart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Endocrine]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>199-205</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidental parathyroidectomy during thyroid surgery does not cause symptomatic hypocalcemia.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sasson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pingpank]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wetherington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanlon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>127</volume>
<page-range>304-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The importance of surgeon experience for clinical and economic outcomes from thyroidectomy.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bowman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tielsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Powe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Udelsman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Surg]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>228</volume>
<page-range>320-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Safety and efficacy of total thyroidectomy in hands of endocrine surgery trainees.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mishra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agarwal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agarwal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mishra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Surg]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>178</volume>
<page-range>377-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk factors of hypoparathyroidism following total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Min]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Youn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[World J Surg]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>94-101</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predictors factors for postthyroidectomy hypocalcaemia.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa de]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Argalles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Col Bras Cir]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>476-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism following thyroidectomy.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehrabi Bahar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jangjoo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Afzal Aghaei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ebrahimzadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aliakbarian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Minerva Chir]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>67</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy: incidence, control and treatment.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herranz González-Botas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lourido Piedrahita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<page-range>102-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analysis of post operative complications following total thyroidectomy.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atiq]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joarder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hossain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biswas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mymensingh Med J]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>238-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of surgical technique on postoperativehypoparathyroidism in bilateral thyroid surgery: a multivariate analysis of 5846 consecutive patients.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomusch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sekulla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ukkat J Brauchhoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dralle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Surgery]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>133</volume>
<page-range>180-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Total thyroidectomy plus neck dissection in differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma patients: pattern of nodal metastasis, morbidity, recurrence and postoperative levels of serum parathyroid hormone.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CI]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Surg]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>245</volume>
<page-range>604-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Parathyroid autotransplantation during thyroidectomy: results of long-term follow-up.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DeBenedetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baumann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sa Jr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wells]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Surg]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>223</volume>
<page-range>72-480</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Complications and risk factors related to the extent of surgery in thyroidectomy. Results from 2,043 procedures.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karamanakos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Markou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panagopoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karavias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vagianos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scopa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hormones]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>318-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risks and consequences of incidental parathyroidectomy during thyroid resection.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sippel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ozgul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hartig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mack]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ANZ J Surg]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<page-range>33-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidental extirpation of the parathyroid glands at thyroid surgery: risk factors and post-operative hypocalcemia.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qasaimeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al Nemri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al Omari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>268</volume>
<page-range>1047-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Postoperative hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy for Graves' disease.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pesce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shiue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Umbricht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tufano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Thyroid]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1279-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment of the morbidity and complications of total thyroidectomy.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhattacharyya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fried]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>128</volume>
<page-range>389-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A population-based study of outcomes from thyroidectomy in aging americans: at what cost?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boudourakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Coll Surg]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>206</volume>
<page-range>1097-105</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of age, vitamin D3 level, and incidental parathyroidectomy on postoperative hypocalcemia after total or near total thyroidectomy.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erbil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbaros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Temel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turkoglu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Issever]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bozbora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Surg]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>197</volume>
<page-range>439-346</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Racial disparities in clinical and economic outcomes from thyroidectomy.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yeo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Surg]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>246</volume>
<page-range>1083-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Postoperative hypocalcemia in patients who did or did not undergo parathyroid autotransplantation during thyroidectomy: a comparative study.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KY]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Surgery]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>124</volume>
<page-range>1081-10 87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Complications of thyroid surgery: how to avoid them, how to manage them, and observations on their possible effect on the whole patient.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reeve]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[World J Surg]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>971-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Park CI Prevention of postoperative hypocalcemia with routine oral calcium and vitamin D supplements in patients with differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma undergoing total thyroidectomy plus central neck dissection.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JY]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cancer]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>115</volume>
<page-range>251-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Outpatient thyroidectomy: experience in over 200 patients.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seybt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Laryngoscope]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>120</volume>
<page-range>959-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
