<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0001-6002</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Médica Costarricense]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta méd. costarric]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022011000200011</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Guía breve para el manejo de las infecciones oportunistas del paciente adulto y adolescente con VIH/sida]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León-Bratti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Paz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital México Clínica VIH/sida Laboratorio de Inmunología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>105</fpage>
<lpage>106</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022011000200011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022011000200011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022011000200011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <div class="Section1">     <p style="text-align: right;" align="right"><b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Ruta Diagn&#243;stica </span></b></p>     <div> <h1 style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span  style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Gu&#237;a breve para el manejo de las infecciones oportunistas del paciente adulto y adolescente con VIH/sida</span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></h1> <b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Mar&#237;a Paz Le&#243;n-Bratti </span></b>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Divisi&#243;n de Inmunolog&#237;a, Hospital M&#233;xico</span>     <br> <a href="#Correspondencia"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Correspondencia</span></a><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"></span><u><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: rgb(33, 30, 30);"  lang="EN-US"></span></u> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;">     <p><b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"  lang="EN-US"></span></b></p>     <p style="text-align: justify;"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">La infecci&#243;n por VIH contin&#250;a en aumento en el mundo y en nuestro pa&#237;s, a pesar de ser una enfermedad prevenible. En nuestro medio existen cerca de 4500 individuos infectados por VIH que se encuentran en control y seguimiento en las cl&#237;nicas de VIH de la CCSS (datos de la Comisi&#243;n Cl&#237;nica de VIH-CCSS). La gran mayor&#237;a de estos pacientes se encuentran recibiendo terapia antirretroviral, con excelente control de su enfermedad. Sin embargo, a pesar de que este es un tratamiento disponible en nuestra seguridad social para todos lo que lo necesitan, la mayor&#237;a de los infectados siguen siendo diagnosticados en estadios avanzados de la enfermedad, cuando se presentan con infecciones oportunistas que ponen en riesgo su vida. Esta peque&#241;a gu&#237;a terap&#233;utica presenta la recomendaci&#243;n actual de manejo para las infecciones oportunistas que con mayor frecuencia presentan los pacientes con infecci&#243;n por VIH avanzada en nuestro medio. </span></p>     <div>     <div> <h5><i><span  style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><small>1. Candidiasis spp</small> </span></i></h5> </div> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">a. Candida oral: Fluconazol 100-200 mg/d&#237;a x 7 d&#237;as </span>     <div><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">b. Candida esof&#225;gica: se manifiesta como dolor </span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">retroesternal difuso, disfagia u odinofagia, usualmente sin fiebre. Generalmente se asocia con lesiones orales y CD4 &lt; 100 c&#233;lulas/mm<sup>3</sup>. </span>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Tx: fluconazol 100-400 mg/d&#237;a po o IV por 14-21 d&#237;as </span> </div>     <div> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">c. Vaginitis: ardor y prurito local asociado a leucorrea blanco-amarillenta </span>    <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Tx: azoles intravaginales 3-7 d&#237;as. Alternativa: fluconazol 150-200 mg po una dosis. </span></div> </div>     <div>     <div> <h5><i><span  style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><small>2. Criptococcus neoformans</small> </span></i></h5> </div> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">a. Puerto de entrada es pulm&#243;n, muchos hacen neumonitis, generalmente subcl&#237;nica. La presentaci&#243;n usual es meningitis subaguda con fiebre, cefalea y malestar general. Se asocia con CD4 &lt; 100 c&#233;ls/mm<sup>3</sup>. Dx: ant&#237;geno criptococo en LCR. </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">b.Meningitis: Tx: inducci&#243;n </span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">"</span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> anfotericina B 0,7 mg/Kg/d&#237;a + fluconazol 400 mg/d&#237;a po x 2 semanas; consolidaci&#243;n </span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">"</span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> fluconazol 400 mg/d po x 8 sems; mantenimiento fluconazol 200 mg x d&#237;a. Si hay presi&#243;n intracraneal elevada: punci&#243;n lumbar evacuativa hasta que la presi&#243;n disminuya en un 50%. </span>     <div><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">c. Pulmonar o diseminada: fluconazol 200-400 mg por d&#237;a, hasta lograr reconstituci&#243;n inmunol&#243;gica. </span> <h5><i><span  style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><small>3. Citomegalovirus</small> </span></i></h5> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">a. Retinitis: puede ser asintom&#225;tica o presentar con flotadores, defectos visuales, escotomas o AV. Se asocia a CD4 &lt;50 c&#233;ls/mm<sup>3</sup>. </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Tx: lesi&#243;n que amenaza visi&#243;n implante ocular de ganciclovir cada 6-8 meses + Valganciclovir 900 mg po bid x 14-21 d&#237;as. Alternativo: ganciclovir 5 mg/ Kg IV q12h x 14-21 d&#237;as, luego valganciclovir 900 mg d </span>    <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">b.Extraocular-gastrointestinal: esofagitis, colitis, hepatitis Tx Valganciclovir 900 mg po bid con comida x 3-4 sems; alternativa </span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol;">"</span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">ganciclovir 5 mg/Kg IV bid 3-4sem </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">c. Neurol&#243;gica: demencia, ventr&#237;culo-encefalitis, poliradiculomielopat&#237;a ascendente. Dx PCR (carga viral) CMV en LCR. </span>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Tx: ganciclovir 5 mg/Kg IV q12h (+ foscarnet 90 mg/ kg IV bid hasta que s&#237;ntomas mejoren). 3-6 sems </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">d. Neumonitis: fiebre, tos, disnea + infiltrados intersticiales, se deben descartar otros pat&#243;genos y realizar biopsia de pulm&#243;n. </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Tx: ganciclovir 5 mg/Kg IV q12h x 21 d&#237;as </span> </div>     <div> <h5><i><span  style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><small>4. Entamoeba histolytica</small> </span></i></h5> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">a. Heces siempre muestran sangre en la enfermedad invasiva, pero leucos no son frecuentes.</span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Tx: metronidazol 500-750 mg q8h po o IV x 7-10 d&#237;as. </span> </div>     <div> <h5><i><span  style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><small>5. Herpes virus (HSV)</small> </span></i></h5> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">a. Oral o genital: Presentaci&#243;n, diagn&#243;stico y manejo similar al de un paciente inmunocompetente. </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Tx: aciclovir 400 mg tid x 5-14 d&#237;as; alternativas valaciclovir 1g bid x 5-14 d </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">b. HSV encefalitis: aciclovir 10 mg/Kg q8h IV x 21 d&#237;as </span> </div>     <div> <h5><i><span  style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><small>6. Herpes Zoster</small> </span></i></h5>     <p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">a. El 95% de los adultos sanos son seropositivos y el 15% desarrollan herpes zoster, en VIH el riesgo es 15 veces mayor. </span></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">b. Dermatoma: aciclovir 800 mg po 5x/d. Alternativa valaciclovir 1 g tid por 7-10 ds </span></p>     <p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">c. Enf cut&#225;nea servera o visceral: aciclovir 10 mg/Kg q8h IV seguido de Tx oral </span></p> </div>     <div> <h5><i><span  style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><small>7. Histoplasma capsulatum</small> </span></i></h5> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">a</span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">. Pacientes con CD4 &gt;300/mm<sup>3 </sup>suelen tener enfermedad pulmonar; con CD4 &lt;150/mm<sup>3 </sup>suelen tener presentaci&#243;n diseminada.</span>    <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"></span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"></span> <span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">b. Enfermedad moderada a severa o meningitis: </span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Anfotericina B 0,7 mg/Kg/d. Mantenimiento: itraconazol 200 mg po tid x 3 d&#237;as luego 200 mg bid x 6 -12meses </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">c. Enfermedad diseminada menos severa: itraconazol 200 mg po tid x 3 d&#237;as luego 200 mg bid x 6-12 meses </span> </div> </div>     <div>     <div> <h5><i><span  style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><small>8. Isospora belli</small> </span></i></h5> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">a. Presentaci&#243;n: diarrea acuosa &#177; fiebre, dolor abdominal, v&#243;mito. Se asocia con CD4 &lt; 50 </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"  lang="EN-US">b. Tx TMP-SMX 160/800 mg bid x 10 d&#237;as. </span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Alternativas: pirimetamina 50-75 mg/d + leucovorina 15mg x 5-10 d; ciprofloxacina 500 mg bid x10d. </span>     <div>     <div> <h5><i><span  style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><small>9. Mycobacterium avium Complex</small></span></i></h5>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><!-- big --><b><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"  lang="EN-US"> </span></i></b><!-- /big --></p>     <p style="text-align: justify;"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">a. Presentaci&#243;n: fiebre, sudoraci&#243;n nocturna, p&#233;rdida de peso, diarrea y dolor abd con CD4 &lt;50/mm<sup>3 </sup>Tx: claritromicina 500 mg bid po + etambutol 15 mg/Kg/d po 3<sup>er </sup>droga alternativa: levofloxacina, ciprofloxacina, estreptomicina, amikacina. </span></p>     <div>     <div> <h5><i><span  style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><small>10. Mycobacterium tuberculosis</small></span></i></h5>     <p><!-- big --><b><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></i></b><!-- /big --></p> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">a. Se debe iniciar tratamiento tan pronto se establezca sospecha mientras llegan los resultados. Tx igual que en los pacientes no VIH+ </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">b. Si peso &gt; 55 Kg INH 300 mg + RIF 600 mg + PZA </span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">1500 mg + EMB 1200 mg por d&#237;a x 2-3 meses </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">c. Si peso &lt; 55 Kg INH 300 mg + RIF 600 mg + PZA 1000 mg + EMB 800 mg por d&#237;a x 2-3 meses </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Consolidaci&#243;n: INH 300 + RIF 600 mg x d x 4-6 meses </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Al iniciar terapia antirretroviral se puede presentar el s&#237;ndrome de reconstituci&#243;n inmunol&#243;gica. </span>     <div>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<div> <h5><i><span  style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><small>11. Pneumocistis jiroveci</small></span></i></h5>     <p><!-- big --><b><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></i></b><!-- /big --></p> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">a. PCP: neumon&#237;a, inicio subagudo y progresivo de disnea de ejercicio, tos no productiva, fiebre y dolor tor&#225;cico. Al EF fiebre, taquicardia y taquipnea, pocos ruidos pulmonares agregados. Lab: hipoxemia, con gradiente AA reducido, DHL mayor de 500, Rx torax infliltrado intersticial sim&#233;trico bilateral. Neumot&#243;rax son frecuentes. </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">b. Tx enfermedad moderada a severa: TMP 15-20 mg/ Kg/d&#237;a + SMX 75-100 mg/Kg/d po o IV dividido en 3-4 dosis </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">i. Si PaO2 &lt; 70 mmHg prednisona 40 mg po bid x 5 d&#237;as, 40 mg po qd x 5 ds, 20 mg po qd x 10 d </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">ii. Clindamicina 600-900 mg IV q6-8 hs x 21 ds </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">c. Enfermedad leve a moderada: TMP 15-20 mg/Kg/ d&#237;a + SMX 75-100 mg/Kg/d po o IV dividido en 3-4 dosis </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">d. Prevenci&#243;n 1&#186; y 2&#186;: si CD4 &lt;200 o portador sintom&#225;tico: TMP-SMX 160/800 mg x d&#237;a. Alternativa: TMPSMX 160/800 mg L-M-V o Dapsona 100 mg po qd. </span>     <div>     <div> <h5><i><span  style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><small>12. Toxoplasma gondii</small></span></i></h5>     <p><!-- big --><b><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></i></b><!-- /big --></p> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">a. Generalmente es reactivaci&#243;n de quistes latentes en pacientes con CD4&lt;100. Presentaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica usual es con fiebre, cefalea, confusi&#243;n o d&#233;ficits neurol&#243;gicos </span>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">b. Tx: pirimetamina 200 mg po x1, luego 50 mg (&lt;60Kg) </span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">o 75 mg (&gt;60 Kg) + sulfadiacina 1000 mg + &#225;cido fol&#237;nico 15 mg qd po x 14-21 ds </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">c. Alternativas: Pirimetamina/leucovorina = + TMP/ SMX (5 mg/Kg TMP) po bid Pirimetamina/leucovorina = + clindamicina 600 mg IV q6h </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">- Si hay hipertensi&#243;n endocraneada se debe manejar con medidas anti-edema (manitol y esteroides). </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">d. Mantenimiento: pirimetamina 25-50 mg po qd + leucovorina 15 mg qd + TMP/SMX o sulfadiazina </span>     <div>     <div> <h5><i><span  style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><small>13. Treponema pallidum</small></span></i></h5>     <p><!-- big --><b><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></i></b><!-- /big --></p>     <p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">a. S&#237;filis primaria, secundaria o latente temprana: penicilina benzat&#237;nica 2,4 Mill U IM x sem x 3 sems </span></p>     <div>     <div> <h5><i><span  style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><small>14. Diarrea</small></span></i></h5>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><!-- big --><b><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"></span></i></b><!-- /big --></p> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">a. Causa m&#225;s frecuente bacteriana, luego parasitaria y g&#233;rmenes oportunistas. </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">b. Tx emp&#237;rico: TMP-SMX 160/800 mg po hs + metronidazol 500 mg IV o po q 8h x 7 d&#237;as. Si hay reca&#237;da a la suspensi&#243;n, dar x 7 ds m&#225;s. </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">c. G&#233;rmnes espec&#237;ficos </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Isospora belli, ciclospora, salmonella, shigella TMP-SMX 160/800 mg q 8-6 hs x 10 d. </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">E. coli: ciprofloxacina 500 mg q12 hs x 7 ds. </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Strongyloides, microsporidia: albendazol 400 mg qd x 3 ds. </span> </div>     <div>     <div> <h5><i><span  style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><small>15. Vacunas</small> </span></i></h5>     <p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">a. Pneumo 23: tan cerca del diagn&#243;stico como sea posible y a los 5 a&#241;os. </span></p> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">b. Virus influenza: una vez al a&#241;o (se recomienda en </span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">enero-febrero). </span>     <br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">c. Hepatitis B: si serolog&#237;a negativa, colocar esquema completo. </span>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">d. DT: cada 10 a&#241;os. </span>     <p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">e. Vacunas microorganismos vivos atenuados, no se deben colocar hasta que no se conozca la condici&#243;n inmunol&#243;gica del paciente    <br>     <br> </span></p> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;">     <p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p> </div>     <p><b><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Referencias</span></b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>     <!-- ref --><p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"  lang="EN-US">1. Bartlett JG, Gallant JE, Pham PA. Medical management of HIV infection 2009-2010. (15ed) Knowledge source solutions. </span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Durham. </span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"  lang="EN-US">2009 </span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=049969&pid=S0001-6002201100020001100001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"  lang="EN-US">2. MMWR 2006; 55:16-21 </span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=049970&pid=S0001-6002201100020001100002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"  lang="EN-US">3. 2008 NIH/CDC/IDSA guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and asolescentes- <a href="http://AIDSinfo.nih.gov">http://AIDSinfo.nih.gov</a>    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=049971&pid=S0001-6002201100020001100003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><br>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> </span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"  lang="EN-US">4. CID 2001; 32:331    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=049974&pid=S0001-6002201100020001100004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><br>     <br> </span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"  lang="EN-US">5. NEJM 2004; 350:2487.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=049977&pid=S0001-6002201100020001100005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><br>     <br> </span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"  lang="EN-US">6. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2008;21:31    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=049980&pid=S0001-6002201100020001100006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><br>     <br> </span></p> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><a  name="Correspondencia"></a><a name="Correspondencia_"></a>Correspondencia: Cl&#237;nica VIH/sida Hospital M&#233;xico; Laboratorio de Inmunolog&#237;a. </span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"  lang="EN-US">Tels: 2242-6717 / 2242-6791. Fax: 2296-8622. Email: </span><u><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: rgb(33, 30, 30);"  lang="EN-US"><a href="mailto:divisioninmunologia.hm@gmail.com">divisioninmunologia.hm@gmail.com</a>; <a href="mailto:inmunohm@ccss.sa.cr">inmunohm@ccss.sa.cr</a></span></u> </p>     <p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"  lang="EN-US"> </span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartlett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Medical management of HIV infection 2009-2010]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<edition>15</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Durham ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Knowledge source solutions]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<source><![CDATA[MMWR]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<page-range>16-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[2008 NIH/CDC/IDSA guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and asolescentes]]></source>
<year></year>
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<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<source><![CDATA[CID]]></source>
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<volume>32</volume>
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<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<source><![CDATA[NEJM]]></source>
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<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<source><![CDATA[Curr Opin Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>31</page-range></nlm-citation>
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</back>
</article>
