<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0001-6002</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Médica Costarricense]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta méd. costarric]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022008000500022</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Portadores asintomáticos que serán sometidos a inmunosupresión]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Asymptomatic carriers that will be subjected to immunosuppression]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cañas-Coto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>50</volume>
<fpage>60</fpage>
<lpage>61</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022008000500022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022008000500022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022008000500022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[La reactivación del virus B en portadores crónicos asintomáticos, evidenciado como aumento en la alanino aminotransferasa (ALT) o aumento del ADN viral, se ha descrito en 20 a 50% de los pacientes que son sometidos a tratamiento inmunosupresor o quimioterapia por neoplasias. La mayoría de las ocasiones, las descompensaciones son asintomáticas, aunque pueden tener periodos de ictericia y descompensación severa. La reactivación ha demostrado ser mayor cuando esteroides son parte del régimen de tratamiento. Estudios no controlados han demostrado que el uso de lamivudina reduce la tasa de reactivación y las posibles complicaciones de la misma. Se recomienda que todo paciente que va a ser sometido a quimioterapia por neoplasia o tratamiento inmunosupresor sea tamizado por hepatitis B. En pacientes trasplantados, no hepático, hay estudios pequeños que demuestran que hay mayor mortalidad al reactivarse el virus. La mayoría de estos estudios se han realizado en pacientes con trasplante renal. No hay una recomendación normada sobre el manejo de estos pacientes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The reactivation of HBV in asymptomatic carriers, evidenced as an increase in the alanine aminotransferasa (ALT) or increase in the viral DNA has been described in 20-50% of patients who are subjected to immunosuppressive or neoplasm chemotherapy. Most of the time, decompensations are asymptomatic, but they can show periods of jaundice and severe decompensation. Reactivation has shown to be higher when steroids are part of the treatment. Non-controlled studies have demonstrated that the use of lamivudine reduces reactivation rate and possible complications. It is recommended that any patient who will be subjected to neoplasm chemotherapy or immunosuppressive treatment must be sieved for hepatitis B. There are brief studies that demonstrate that there is higher morbidity when there is virus reactivation in those patients who have had non-hepatic transplants. Most research has been done in patients with renal transplants. There is not normative recommendation about the management of these patients.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hepatitis B]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[portadores inactivos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inmunosupresión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hepatitis B]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[inactive carriers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[immunosuppression]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <div class="Section1">     <div>     <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><b  style=""><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Portadores asintom&#225;ticos que ser&#225;n sometidos a <span class="SpellE">inmunosupresi&#243;n</span><span  style=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p> </div>     <div>     <div>     <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><b  style=""><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">Asymptomatic carriers that will be subjected to <span class="SpellE">immunosuppression</span><span  style=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p> </div>     <div>     <div>     <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><b  style=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana;">Alejandro Ca&#241;as-Coto<a href="#afiliacion1">*</a><a name="afiliacion2"></a>+<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>     <p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"></span></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<div style="text-align: left;"><b style=""><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"></span></b> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;">     <div style="text-align: justify;"><b style=""><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;">Resumen:</span></b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"> La reactivaci&#243;n del virus B en portadores cr&#243;nicos asintom&#225;ticos, evidenciado como aumento en la <span class="SpellE">alanino</span> aminotransferasa (ALT) o aumento del ADN viral, se ha descrito en <st1:metricconverter productid="20 a"  w:st="on">20 a</st1:metricconverter> 50% de los pacientes que son sometidos a tratamiento inmunosupresor o quimioterapia por neoplasias. La mayor&#237;a de las ocasiones, las descompensaciones son <span class="SpellE">asintom&#225;ticas</span>, aunque pueden tener periodos de ictericia y descompensaci&#243;n severa. La reactivaci&#243;n ha demostrado ser mayor cuando esteroides son parte del r&#233;gimen de tratamiento. Estudios no controlados han demostrado que el uso de <span class="SpellE">lamivudina</span> reduce la tasa de reactivaci&#243;n y las posibles complicaciones de la misma. Se recomienda que todo paciente que va a ser sometido a quimioterapia por <span  style="">neoplasia o tratamiento inmunosupresor sea tamizado por hepatitis B. En pacientes trasplantados, no hep&#225;tico, hay estudios peque&#241;os que demuestran que hay mayor mortalidad al reactivarse el virus. La mayor&#237;a de estos estudios se han realizado en pacientes con trasplante renal. No hay una recomendaci&#243;n normada sobre el manejo de estos pacientes. </span><o:p></o:p></span> </div> </div>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span class="SpellE"><b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">Descriptores</span></b></span><b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">:</span></b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"> hepatitis B; <span class="SpellE">portadores</span> <span class="SpellE">inactivos</span>; <span class="SpellE">inmunosupresi&#243;n</span> <o:p></o:p></span></p>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">Abstract:</span></b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"> The reactivation of HBV in asymptomatic carriers, evidenced as an increase in the <span class="SpellE">alanine</span> <span class="SpellE">aminotransferasa</span> (ALT) or increase in the viral DNA has been described in 20-50% of patients who are subjected to immunosuppressive or neoplasm chemotherapy. Most of the time, <span class="SpellE">decompensations</span> are asymptomatic, but they can show periods of jaundice and severe <span class="SpellE">decompensation</span>. Reactivation has shown to be higher when steroids are part of the treatment. Non-controlled studies have demonstrated that the use of <span class="SpellE">lamivudine</span> reduces reactivation rate and possible complications. It is recommended that any patient who will be subjected to neoplasm chemotherapy or immunosuppressive treatment must be sieved for hepatitis B. There are brief studies that demonstrate that there is higher morbidity when there is virus reactivation in those patients who have had non-hepatic transplants. Most research has been done in patients with renal transplants. There is not normative recommendation about the management of these patients. <o:p></o:p></span></p>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">Key words:</span></b><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"> Hepatitis B; inactive carriers; <span class="SpellE">immunosuppression</span>. <o:p></o:p></span></p>     <div style="text-align: left;"></div>     <p style="text-align: left;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"></span></p>     <div style="text-align: left;"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"></span> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;">     <div style="text-align: justify;"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;">Se recomienda tratamiento para todos aquellos pacientes que son virus B positivos que se encuentran asintom&#225;ticos y van a ser sometidos a quimioterapia para c&#225;ncer o que tendr&#225;n <span class="SpellE">inmunosupresi&#243;n</span> por un tiempo definido. <o:p></o:p></span> </div> </div>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;">Los pacientes que van a ser sometidos a <span class="SpellE">inmunosupresi&#243;n</span>. <span class="GramE">por</span> tiempo indefinido, se debe monitorizar con niveles de transaminasas o ADN viral para definir el momento de una reactivaci&#243;n. En este tiempo, se puede valorar iniciar tratamiento. El nivel necesario de elevaci&#243;n de las transaminasas para inicio de tratamiento no est&#225; claramente definido. <o:p></o:p></span></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;">En el caso de los pacientes trasplantados no existe una recomendaci&#243;n clara sobre cu&#225;les tratar y cu&#225;les no. En diferentes estudios se han tratado con <span class="SpellE">lamivudina</span> a algunos pacientes con mejor&#237;a en las pruebas de funci&#243;n hep&#225;tica. <span class="SpellE">Lamivudina</span> ha mejorado la mortalidad en pacientes que utilizan el medicamento. No existe un esquema claro o una recomendaci&#243;n clara de cu&#225;les paciente tratar sin embargo, pareciera que en pacientes con elevaci&#243;n de ALT el uso de <span class="SpellE">lamivudina</span> ser&#237;a lo m&#225;s indicado. Se debe individualizar cada caso. <o:p></o:p></span></p>     <div style="text-align: left;"></div> </div>     <div style="text-align: left;"></div>     <div>     <div style="text-align: left;"></div>     <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span  style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana;">Tratamiento <span  style=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;">La recomendaci&#243;n actual de tratamiento para estos pacientes es con <span  class="SpellE">lamivudina</span>, desde el inicio de la terapia inmunosupresora y continuarla hasta 6 meses luego de finalizada la <span class="SpellE">inmunosupresi&#243;n</span> o la quimioterapia. El uso de <span class="SpellE">adefovir</span> se puede utilizar como terapia alternativa en pacientes que no tengan riesgo de insuficiencia renal. El <span class="SpellE">interferon</span>-&#945; est&#225; contraindicado en estos pacientes por sus efectos <span class="SpellE">mielosupresores</span>. <o:p></o:p></span></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<div style="text-align: left;"> </div>     <div>     <div style="text-align: left;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span  style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana;">Recomendaci&#243;n <span  style=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <div style="text-align: justify;"></div>     <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;">Tamizar por virus B a todo paciente que se vaya a <span class="SpellE">inmunosuprimir</span> o que vaya a recibir quimioterapia para c&#225;ncer; pacientes con quimioterapia o <span class="SpellE">inmunosupresi&#243;n</span> finita se deben tratar con <span class="SpellE">lamivudina</span>, hasta 6 meses posterior a haber completado tratamiento; pacientes con <span class="SpellE">inmunosupresi&#243;n</span> cr&#243;nica de tiempo no determinado se deben seguir con ALT; el uso de <span  class="SpellE">adefovir</span> est&#225; aprobado cuando no hay riesgo de insuficiencia renal; en pacientes con transplante, no hep&#225;tico, no hay una recomendaci&#243;n clara sin embargo, pareciera que el seguimiento con ALT y el tratamiento con <span class="SpellE">lamivudina</span> se presenta como la mejor opci&#243;n para estos casos. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </div>     <div> <span class="SpellE"><b style=""><span  style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"></span></b></span> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><span class="SpellE"><b style=""><span  style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">Lecturas</span></b></span><b  style=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana;"  lang="EN-US"> <span class="SpellE">recomendadas</span> <span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></b>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">Murakami R, Amada N, Sato T, <span class="SpellE">Orii</span> T, Kikuchi H, <span class="SpellE">Haga</span> I, <span class="SpellE">Ohashi</span> Y, Okazaki H. Reactivation of hepatitis and <span class="SpellE">lamivudine</span> therapy in 11 <span class="SpellE">HBsAg</span>-positive renal allograft recipients: a single centre experience. <span class="SpellE">Clin</span> Transplant 2006; 20:351-8.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=084567&pid=S0001-6002200800050002200001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> <o:p></o:p></span></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="SpellE"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">Shitrit</span></span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"> AB, Kramer MR, <span class="SpellE">Bakal</span> I, <span  class="SpellE">Morali</span> G, Ari ZB, <span class="SpellE">Shitrit</span> D. <span class="SpellE">Lamivudine</span> prophylaxis for hepatitis B virus infection after lung transplantation. Ann <span class="SpellE">Thorac</span> <span class="SpellE">Surg</span> 2006<span class="GramE">;81:1851</span>-2.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=084569&pid=S0001-6002200800050002200002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> <o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="SpellE"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="PT-BR">Behzad-Behbahani</span></span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="PT-BR"> A, <span class="SpellE">Mojiri</span> A, <span class="SpellE">Tabei</span> SZ, <span class="SpellE">Farhadi-Andarabi</span> A, <span  class="SpellE">Pouransari</span> R, <span class="SpellE">Yaghobi</span> R, <span class="SpellE">Rahsaz</span> M, <span class="SpellE"><span class="GramE">et</span></span> al. </span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">Outcome of hepatitis B and C virus infection on graft function after renal transplantation. </span><span class="SpellE"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;">Transplant</span></span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"> <span class="SpellE">Proc</span>. 2005<span class="GramE">;37:3045</span>-7.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=084571&pid=S0001-6002200800050002200003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> <o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on"><span  class="SpellE"><span class="GramE"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">Lok</span></span></span></st1:city><span  class="GramE"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"  lang="EN-US"> <st1:state w:st="on">AS</st1:state></span></span></st1:place><span  class="GramE"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"  lang="EN-US">, McMahon BJ.</span></span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"> <span  class="GramE">Chronic Hepatitis B. AASLD Practice Guidelines.</span> Dec 2003. En: http://www.cdc.gov/NCIDOD/DISEASES/ HEPATITIS/b/<span class="SpellE">aasld_update_chronichep_b.pdf</span> <o:p></o:p></span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=084573&pid=S0001-6002200800050002200004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on"><span  class="SpellE"><span class="GramE"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">Lok</span></span></span></st1:city><span  class="GramE"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"  lang="EN-US"> <st1:state w:st="on">AS</st1:state></span></span></st1:place><span  class="GramE"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"  lang="EN-US">, McMahon BJ.</span></span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"> <span  class="GramE">[AASLD Practice Guidelines.</span> <span class="GramE">Chronic hepatitis B: update of therapeutic guidelines] Rom J <span  class="SpellE">Gastroenterol</span>.</span> 2004<span class="GramE">;13</span>: 150-4.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=084574&pid=S0001-6002200800050002200005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> <o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="SpellE"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">Lok</span></span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"> ASF, Liang RHS, Chiu EKW, Wong KL, Chan TK, <span class="GramE">Todd</span> D. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus replication in patients receiving <span  class="SpellE">cytotoxic</span> therapy: Repot of a prospective study. Gastroenterology 1991<span class="GramE">;100:182</span>-188.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=084576&pid=S0001-6002200800050002200006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> <o:p></o:p></span></p>     <!-- ref --><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="SpellE"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">Yeo</span></span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"> W, Chan PKS, <span class="SpellE">Zhong</span> S, Ho WM, Steinberg JL, Tam JS, <span class="SpellE">Hui</span> P, Leung WY et al. Frequency of hepatitis virus reactivation in cancer patients undergoing <span class="SpellE">cytotoxic</span> chemotherapy. <span class="GramE">A prospective study of 626 patients with identification of risk factors.</span> </span><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;">J <span class="SpellE">Med</span> Virol 2000<span class="GramE">;62:299</span>-3.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=084578&pid=S0001-6002200800050002200007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"></span></p>     <p class="MsoNormal"><span  style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;">    <br> <a name="afiliacion1"></a><a href="#afiliacion2">*</a>Residente de gastroenterolog&#237;a, Universidad de Costa Rica.</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murakami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orii]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kikuchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ohashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okazaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Reactivation of hepatitis and lamivudine therapy in 11 HBsAg-positive renal allograft recipients: a single centre experience]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Transplant]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>351</numero>
<issue>351</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
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