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Abstract

The Orchidaceae is one of the most diverse vascular plant families in the Neotropics and the most diverse in Panama. The number of species is triple that of other well-represented families of angiosperms such as Rubiaceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae. Despite its importance in terms of diversity, the latest checklist was published ten years ago and the latest in-depth taxonomic treatments were published in 1949 and 1993. The accumulation of information over the years and the need to update the nomenclature and to clarify taxonomic concepts made necessary the publication of an up-dated checklist of the Orchidaceae of Panama. This checklist was completed by studying specimens strictly collected in Panama and vouchered in herbaria. Species are presented alphabetically with their synonyms and herbarium vouchers. The data were analyzed to explain the patterns of geographic distribution, most diverse taxa, endemism, exotic species and relationships with other nearby floras. The checklist contains 1365 species (including two natural hybrids and three subspecies) in four subfamilies, 16 tribes, 27 subtribes and 187 genera. Four exotic species were recorded. A total of 296 (21.7%) species are endemic. Epidendroideae is the most diverse group housing more than 90% of species. The most diverse subtribes are Pleurothallidinae (30 genera, 405 spp.), Laeliinae (16 genera, 292 spp.), Oncidiinae (29 genera, 157 spp.) and Maxillariinae (18 genera, 132 spp.). The most diverse genera are: Epidendrum (206 spp.), Stelis (88 spp.), Lepanthes (66 spp.) and Pleurothallis (54 spp.). Nomenclatural changes are proposed inMaxillariella, Pleurothallis, Specklinia, Stelis and Trichocentrum. Many areas remain unexplored for orchids, and we estímate that much work remains to complete a floristic treatment that reveals more realistic data on the orchid flora that Panama harbors. This checklist is an important initial step toward the development of an illustrated treatment of the Orchidaceae of Panama.

Key words: floristics, taxonomy, systematics, biogeography, species distribution

Resumen

Orchidaceae es una de las familias de plantas vasculares más diversas del Neotrópico y la más diversa en Panamá. Su número de especies triplica a las otras familias más diversas de angiospermas como Rubiaceae, Fabaceae y Poaceae. A pesar de su importancia en terminos de diversidad, el último listado de especies se publicó hace diez años y los últimos tratamientos taxonómicos profundos fueron publicados en 1949 y 1993. La acumulación de información a través de esos años así como la necesidad de actualizar la nomenclatura y aclarar conceptos taxonómicos dudosos hace necesaria la publicación de un listado actualizado de las Orchidaceae de Panamá. El presente listado se completó mediante el estudio de especímenes estrictamente recolectados en Panamá y con un testigo en herbario. Las especies se presentan alfabéticamente con sus respectivos sinónimos y se citan los testigos de herbario. Se analizaron los datos para explicar los patrones de distribución, taxa más diversos, endemismos, especies exóticas y relación con floras cercanas. El listado contiene 1365 especies (dos híbridos naturales y tres subespecies) en cuatro subfamilias, 16 tribus, 27 subtribus y 187 géneros. Se registraron 4 especies exóticas. Un total de 296 (21.7%) son especies endémicas. Epidendroideae es el grupo más diverso, concentrando más del 90% de las especies. Las sutribus más diversas son: Pleurothallidinae (30 géneros, 405 spp.), Laeliinae (16 géneros, 292 spp.), Oncidiinae (29, 157 spp.) y Maxillariinae (18 géneros, 132 spp.). Los géneros más diversos son: Epidendrum (206 spp.), Stelis (88 spp.), Lepanthes (66 spp.) y Pleurothallis (54 spp.). Se proponen cambios nomenclatoriales en Maxillariella, Pleurothallis, Specklinia, Stelis y Trichocentrum. Muchas zonas permanecen sin explorar desde el punto de vista orquideológico y estimamos que todavía se necesita mucho trabajo para completar un tratamiento que revele datos más realistas sobre la flora de orquídeas que alberga Panamá. Este listado es un importante paso inicial hacia el desarrollo de un tratamiento ilustrado de las Orchidaceae de Panamá.

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1. Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica. P.O. Box 302-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica, A.C. Herbario UCH, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, 0427, David, Chiriquí, Panama. diego.bogarin@ucr.ac.cr

2. Herbario UCH, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, 0427, David, Chiriquí, Panama

3. Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica. P.O. Box 302-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica, A.C. Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.; Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, FL, U.S.A.