*Dirección para correspondencia:

---

Abstract

An annotated list of the original material of 183 Orchidaceae species of the Bennett’s collection at the Forestry herbarium of the University Agraria La Molina is presented. The annotated list includes collection data, information on locations of the type material in other herbaria and the currently accepted name for each species. Seventy two lectotypes are designated; and a new species and a new combination are validated under the current code of nomenclature (International Code of Nomenclature -Melbourne Code).

Key words: Orchidaceae, types, Peru, herbarium MOL

Resumen

Se presenta una lista anotada del material original de 183 especies de Orchidaceae de la colección Bennett en el Herbario Forestal de la Universidad Agraria La Molina. La lista anotada incluye los datos de colecta de los especímenes, información sobre la ubicación del material tipo en otros herbarios y el nombre actual aceptado para cada especie. Setenta y dos lectotipos son designados, y una nueva especie y una nueva combinación son validadas de acuerdo al código de nomenclatura vigente (Código Internacional de Nomenclatura-Código de Melbourne).
 

---

Introduction

During  the past three decades,  David E. Bennett Jr. (1923-2009) was one of the major contributors to the knowledge of the Peruvian orchids. He was born in the United States, and lived in Peru since 1946. He married a Peruvian, Aurora Pastorelli, with whom he shared his interest in orchids and collected numerous  orchids during their trips around Peru.  He  was  an  agricultural  engineer.  Before  he became  interested  in orchids,  he worked  initially  in Peru  as  a  Manager  of  an American  Company  that manufactured agrochemical products.

Bennett  kept  a  diverse  living  orchid  collection in Lima. He gathered  plants from various  collectors (orchid hobbyists and botanists), and from his own field trips. Bennett asked different artists to prepare black and  white  line  drawings,  as well  as color  drawings from his living specimens. By 2009, he had amassed around 1600 orchid illustrations. He also had his own personal   collection   (Herbarium   Bennettianum)   of both flowers in spirit and pressed specimens prepared mainly from his living collection.

Bennett  was  co-author  of  various  orchid publications   mainly  based  on  specimens  from  his own  collection.  Starting  in  1989,  he  published  line
 
drawings and descriptions of more than 900 Peruvian species; including 259 new ones. The most remarkable publications   were   the   four   volumes   of  his   self- published  book  Icones  Orchidacearum   Peruviarum that he co-authored  with Eric A. Christenson  (1956-
2011).

According to Bennett’s publications, many herbarium specimens (including types) from which he based his orchid descriptions were deposited at AMES, FLAS, K, USM, MO, MOL and NY. However; many of them were not located in any of those herbaria (Dalström   2012,   Dalström   and   Ruíz-Pérez   2012, Roque & León 2007). Regarding of the specimens cited by him at USM, they indeed were initially deposited at that herbarium.  However,  Bennett later asked that the specimens be returned to him (Christenson 2008). Nonetheless, a few remain at USM.

In 2001, Bennett transferred all his collection to the forestry herbarium  of the University Agraria La Molina - MOL. This set comprises  1677 herbarium specimens,  and 1209 specimens  preserved  in spirit. However, the few botanists that have checked the Bennett  collection  at  MOL  could  not  confirm  that there  were  many  type  specimens  there  (Roque  & León 2007). Some of the challenges to relocate those specimens have been the disappearance  of Bennett’s Accession Book and of a checklist of the specimens donated to MOL. Additionally; the specimens in spirit only had the collector (abbreviation)  and number or plate  number  in  the  jar;  but  not  the  species  name or any other data. Moreover,  he rarely  updated  the species determination on the herbarium specimens or wrote a note to indicate if the specimen was a type. It is noteworthy that in the herbarium specimens, the collection  data  were  written  on  folders,  instead  of labels glued to the mounting sheets.

The importance  of type specimens  as permanent vouchers for the application of botanical names is completely recognized today, and the numerous initiatives of herbaria to make type specimens information available on the Internet underline the importance  of types. Curatorial  work of the Bennett collection at MOL was started in the middle of 2010. Among others objectives, the work was aimed at evaluating  and preparing  a list of types  kept  in the collection,  and creating  a digital  gallery  of the type specimens, including the flowers in spirit.

Evaluation of the type collection follows the current   code   of   nomenclature    (ICN-Melbourne Code,    2012).    As    mentioned     above,    sorting material by collecting number revealed several problems.  Challenges  for the evaluation   included: a) discordance date between the protologue and collecting  data  written  on  the  folders  (labels),  b) more than one “duplicate” of the type specimen, with different dates of preparation;  and c) the collecting number of some specimens have additionally suffix numbers (e.g. Bennett 3154-1, Bennett 3154-2) not cited in the protologue.

A search at his home for his accession book or a digital file proved to be unsuccessful.  However,  two additional sources of information were found: a table of records with the illustrated specimens indicating the plate number, and field work reports of Marco León M et al.. (one of the botanists who provided specimens to Bennett). These sources of information together with a careful revision of the collecting data and publications led to understand the way he prepared specimens, managed his collection, and cited the specimens in his manuscripts.

Bennett   used   an  Accession   Book   and,   later, a  digital  file  or  files  (he  annotated  many  labels: “see Acc.  Book”  or “see  Computer”  for additional collection data) where he copied the collecting data of the specimen either collected by himself or by another person. If there was a living specimen it was labeled with his number, and then placed in cultivation in his nursery. On flowering, a plant was illustrated and a herbarium specimen was prepared either from a  complete  plant  or  from  some  flowers.  Usually only a dissected flower was preserved in spirit, but, exceptionally,  he also preserved a complete plant in spirit (particularly in the case of miniature orchids). It also seems that he sometimes forgot to preserve either pressed or spirit specimens; and therefore this would explain  why  some  holotypes  are considered  “lost”, e.g. Cochlioda chasei D.E. Benn. & Christenson (Dalström 2012).

When Bennett published a new species, he cited a collecting date for the type that actually refers the date when the plant was collected  in the field (according to his lost Accession Book); but do not always refers the date when the types were prepared from cultivated specimens.

In   many   cases,   he   prepared   more   than   one herbarium  or spirit  specimen,  but on different  dates since the plant in cultivation flowered many times. These apparent duplicates were labeled with the same number of his earlier type collection. Thus, he not only neglected to indicate in the publication the date of the preparation  (“collection”)  of  the  holotype;  he  also failed to designate  which of the prepared  specimens was the holotype. Sometimes, he considered these “duplicates” as isotypes, although they were prepared on different dates than the holotype.

In his nursery,  Bennett  also had clones  of some specimens;  the  result  of  the  vegetative  propagation of the original plant. To differentiate  these clones he added  a  suffix number  after  the  collection  number. Thus, herbarium and/or spirit specimens were prepared from  the  clones.  Here  again;  when  he  described  a new  species,  he  failed  to  indicate  which  specimen was chosen as the type, as well its preparation  date. Sometimes, he indicated the suffix number in the illustration voucher but not when designating the holotypes or paratypes.

Bennett also used this system of “suffixes” to label two or more plants of a species gathered  in a given time  or  when  another  collector  provided  him  with more  than  one  plant  of  a species;  for  instance,  the type material  of Stenia jarae D.E. Benn. consists  of Bennett 4711-3 (holotype), Bennett 4711-1 (paratype) and Bennett 4711-2 (paratype). These specimens were originally  collected  by E. Jara at different  localities; therefore, in this case the suffix numbers are not clones or duplicates.

It is unknown why he did not deposit some specimens in the herbaria that he indicated in the protologue. It seems that he did not deposit all his type specimens at USM (before asking for their return). For instance some specimens of Moises Cavero were kept in newspaper  sheets  until the curatorial  work began at MOL. Also, some specimens that according to the protologue were deposited at USM have been located at NY. Since the status of the material of the collection at MOL is unclear  in terms of nomenclatural  types, that is whether  they represent  holotypes,  isotypes  or paratypes; this annotated list presents an evaluation of Bennett’s specimens at this herbarium.

Materials and Methods

For this evaluation, other Bennett’s  specimens  at AMES,  FLAS,  K,  NY  and SEL,   were   searched   via   personal   communication with the respective  curators. Specimens  at MO were accessed  through  Tropicos.org.    The  author  looked for the specimens at USM herself. If no holotype was located, a lectotype was designated; following the current code of nomenclature  (ICN-Melbourne  Code, McNeill et al. 2012).

Additionally,  new species or combinations  based on  a  Bennett   specimen   are  validated   here  when they were not validly published under the criteria of the  International  Code  of  Nomenclature  for  algae, fungi, and plants. Finally,  photographs  of holotypes, lectotypes and a neotype of (only) spirit preparations are provided as Supplementary Material.

Alphabetical list of type specimens and other original material. In the Bennett collection at MOL, there are original material of 183 orchid species described based on  Bennett’s  specimens  (species  included  here  are those published until August 2013 by different authors besides David Bennett and co-authors). The total number of type specimens  in the Bennett Collection is  239;  of  which  85  are  holotypes,  35  isotypes,  9 paratypes,  63  lectotypes,   46  isolectotypes   (26  are from Sobralia  ruparupaensis)  and 1 neotype.  Many of the type specimens  are only in spirit preparations (probably Bennett forgot to prepare pressed specimens after the illustration of the specimen), which consist of dissected flowers.

Nine  Bennett   specimens   deposited   at  herbaria other than MOL are also designated here as lectotypes (species described by Bennett and co-authors).

In the present manuscript the information is presented as follow:

For each species listed below, the full name of the species is indicated, including the publication where it was described. The complete type specimen designation follows as cited in the protologue;  i.e., exact locality, altitude  and  date  of  collection  and/or  preparation  of the specimen  and the repository  herbaria  of the type specimen (s). Corrections or additional information for the protologue  are added in square brackets “[ ]”, for instance correcting elevation data or adding the date of preparation of the specimen (that was not cited in the protologue). There are also annotations concerning the depository herbaria. If the protologue indicates that the specimen was deposited at Herb. Bennettianum  and is now at MOL, the following phrase is used: “originally deposited at .., now at..”. But if the protologue indicates that the type specimen  was deposited  in a herbarium different   from  Herb  Bennettianum   and  is  now  at MOL, the following phrase is used: “according to the protologue at …, now deposited at…”.

For  those  species  where  new  types  (i.e., lectotype)   were  designated,   the  locality   data  and date of preparation  is provided (when those data are provided on the label of the specimen), followed by the lectotypification.

The currently  accepted name for each species, if different  from  that  published  one,  is  also  included. These are listed at the end of each section and preceded by either “Basionym of” or “Synonym of” followed by its place of publication.

Finally, comments concerning the original material found  at  MOL  and  other  herbaria  and  about  the lectotype designation are provided.

Checklists of the lectotypes designated in the manuscript, and the type specimens of the Bennett Collection at MOL, are provided in Tables 1 and 2.


Ackermania hajekii D.E. Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 602. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru,  Pasco,  Oxapampa,  between  Villa  Rica and Cacazu, ca. 1400 m, [between Cacazu and Puerto Bermudez, ca 1200 m, in error], Hort. C. Hajek, flowering in cultivation 10 Mar 1999 [9 Mar 1999, in error], Bennett 7890. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL.

Basionym of: Benzingia hajekii (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) Dressler, Lankesteriana 9: 527. 2010.

Bennett 7890  found  in the Bennett  collection  at MOL was collected  between  Villa Rica and Cacazu at 1400 m and prepared on March 10, 1999; and not between  Cacazu  and  Puerto  Bermudez  at  1200  m and prepared  on March 9, 1999, as was cited in the protologue.  However,  this specimen  has a Bennett’s annotation indicating that it is the holotype of Ackermania hajekii. Therefore, the collection data cited in the protologue is erroneous and here is corrected.

Ackermania jarae D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Brittonia 47: 182. 1995.

TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado, above Cueva de  las  Pavas,  1200  m,  17 Apr  94,  E.Jara  P.ex  D. Bennett 6578. Holotype NY; Isotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL[-spirit]. PArATyPe:  Peru, Huanuco,  Leoncio  Prado, Cueva de las Pavas, 1000 m, 6 Feb 1987, E. Jara P. ex D. Bennett 4215. Paratype: MO?.

Basionym of: Benzingia jarae (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) Dressler, Lankesteriana 9: 527. 2010.

Two  additional  herbarium  specimens  (only flowers) of E.Jara P. ex D. Bennett 6578 were found in the Bennett collection at MOL; they were prepared on April 26, 1995 and June 14, 1995 respectively. The second  specimen  is not part of the original  material because it was prepared after June 2, 1995; the date of species publication.

A pressed  specimen  with  the  same  number  that the Paratype; i. e., Bennett 4215 was also found in the Bennett Collection. However it has a different date of preparation and elevation: February 16, 1988 and 950 m.

Ada   peruviana   D.E.Benn.   &   Christenson,   Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 603. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru,  Junin,  Chanchamayo,   Pichinaki,  San Alejandro sector, 1700 m, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 7770. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL.

Basionym   of:   Brassia   davidii   Senghas,   Die Orchideen 2801. 2001.

Ada rolandoi D.E. Benn. & Christenson, Brittonia 46: 228. 1994.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, Villarica, in the Yanachaga-Chemellin National Park, Jul 1991, I. Rolando, ex Bennett 5304. Holotype: USM, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, in mountain above Villarica, 1800m, 4 Nov 1991, J. Campoverde ex Bennett 5304 (MOL).

Basionym of: Brassia rolandoi (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) M.W.Chase, Phytotaxa 20: 28. 2011.

The holotype was not found in any Peruvian herbarium.  The  original  material  of  Ada  rolandoi found  in the Bennett  collection  at MOL consists  of two specimens of Bennett 5304: one in spirit and one pressed. The specimen  in spirit consists  of an intact flower and  has  no date  of preparation.  The  pressed specimen comprises a plant with an inflorescence (four flowers)  prepared  on  November  4,  1991;  however the date disagrees  with that given in the protologue. The data written  on the label also indicates  that the specimen was collected by J. Campoverde  (not by I. Rolando as was cited in the protologue).

As there is no holotype, the lectotype is designated here from among the specimens that comprise the original material (ICN. Art. 9.2, 9.12). The specimen chosen as lectotype is the most complete pressed specimen.

Brassia aurorae D.E.Benn., Lindleyana 7: 87. 1992.

TYPE: Peru, Department of Pasco, Province of Pasco, Yuncan, 1900 m, 9 May 1987, D. & A. Bennett 3811. Holotype: USM, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, [Department of Pasco, Province of Pasco], above Yuncan, 1950 m. 1 Mar 1989, D. Bennett 3811 (USM 277244).

The holotype was not found in any Peruvian herbarium.   The   original   material   comprises   five pressed  specimens  of  Bennett  3811;  three  at  USM and  two  at  MOL.  However,  the  locality  data  and dates of preparation of these specimens disagree with that given in the protologue. At USM, one specimen (accession number: 277244) has three labels indicating different collecting data. Two labels have the Bennett handwriting indicating that the specimen was prepared on March 1, 1989; in one label is also written: “above Yuncan, 1950 m” and in the other: “Brassia nov sp”. The third label on the herbarium sheet of this specimen, made at FLAS, indicates this collection data:  “Pasco, Yaupi alto, 1900 m, January 6 1988”; however this is not the original label of this specimen, but corresponds to the others specimens at USM.

The labels of other two specimens at USM (accession number: 168460 and 277243) indicate that the specimens were collected in Yaupi Alto at 1900 m and prepared on January 6, 1988. One specimen has two  labels:  one  made  by  Bennett  and  the  other  by FLAS. The other specimen has a single label, made by Bennett.

The two specimens found at MOL were prepared on June 12, 1988 and March 1, 1989; only the first specimen has locality data:” Pasco, above Yaupi, 1900 m”.

In   absence   of   the   holotype,   a   lectotype   is designated here (ICN. Art. 9.2). The specimen at USM with the Accession Number “277244” is here chosen as lectotype; which consist of a pressed plant with an inflorescence that has Bennett’s handwriting notes indicating “Brassia nov sp.” (ICN. Art. 9.12, 9A.3).

Brassia  pascoensis  D.E.Benn.  & Christenson,  Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 608. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Villarica, below Cacazu near Los Angeles  bridge,  780 m, August  1988, Bennett  et al. 4373. Holotype: Herb. Bennettianum  [now at MOL], lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, Dept. Pasco, Prov.  Oxapampa,  below  Cacazu,  16  Jun  1989  D. Bennett & A. Bennett 4373 (MOL).

The   holotype   was   not   found   in   the   Bennett collection at MOL.

Living specimens of Bennett 4373 were cultivated in Lima  by David  Bennett  and at the University  of Florida.  Two  herbarium   specimens   prepared   from the living specimen cultivated in Lima were found in the Bennett Collection  at MOL. They were prepared on  different  dates:  June  16,  1989  and  March  24, 1994  (the  specimen  prepared  on  this  date  has  not locality information). The dates of preparation of both specimens disagree with that given in the protologue; however they represent the original material. The specimen  chosen  as lectotype  is the  most  complete specimen  that  has  locality  information  on  the  label (ICN. Art. 9.12).

The pressed  specimens  prepared  from the living plant cultivated at the University of Florida are conserved at FLAS (x2) and at USM (x1).

Brassia transamazonica D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 609. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru,  Pasco,  Oxapampa,  Puerto  Bermudez, near Pichis River, 250 m, 10 Jan 1991, O. del Castillo ex   Bennett   4937.   Holotype:   Herb.   Bennettianum [now  at  MOL],  lost.  Lectotype here designated: Peru, without  locality  data [probably  same as in the protologue] ex Bennett 4937 (MOL-spirit; Fig. S1).

The   holotype   was   not   found   in   the   Bennett collection  at MOL. The original  material  of Brassia transamazonica   found  in  the  Bennett  collection  at MOL  consists  of  three  specimens  of  Bennett  4937: one in spirit and two pressed. The specimen in spirit consists  of  three  flowers  (one  dissected)  that  agree with the illustration  of the original  publication.  The two pressed specimens (just inflorescence) were prepared on different dates: July 9, 1991 and July 20, 1992, respectively. However, none of them agrees with the date of preparation given in the protologue.   The specimen chosen as lectotype is the specimen in spirit, which was probably  used for the species illustration (ICN. Art. 9.12, 9A.3).

Buesiella suarezii D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 611. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru,  Huancavelica,  Tayacaja,  Huachocolpa district, 2800-3000, May 1999, R. Suarez & G. Alegría ex Bennett 7911. Holotype: Herb. Bennettianum [now at MOL] lost [see below]. Lectotype here designated: Peru, without  locality  data [probably  same as in the protologue] ex Bennett 7911 (MOL-spirit; Fig. 2). Comment.  – The  holotype  was  not  found  at  MOL.

 
The original material of Buesiella  suarezii   found in the Bennett Collection at MOL comprises two specimens  of Bennett  7911;  one pressed  and one in spirit.  The  pressed  specimen  (sterile)  was  prepared on June  12, 1999;  however  the date  disagrees  with that given on the protologue.  The specimen  in spirit consists of part of an inflorescence with some flowers (two dissected) that agree with the illustration  of the original publication. The illustration was prepared on June 9, 1999; probably the date that specimen in spirit was prepared.

In absence of the holotype, a lectotype is designated here from among the specimens that comprise the original material (ICN. Art. 9.2, 9.12). The specimen chosen is the specimen in spirit.

Bulbophyllum machupicchuense D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 612. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Cusco, Urubamba, km 87 along the railroad line to Machu Picchu, 2500 m, 29 Jan 1999, León & Collantes 2854. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 3); Isotype: MOL, not found.

León & Collantes 2854 in spirit was found in the Bennett Collection at MOL, but no pressed preparation was located. The (few) flowers in the spirit collection agree with the illustration of the protologue, and here it is therefore regarded as the holotype.

Campylocentrum huebnerioides D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 408. 1998.

TYPE:  Peru,  Junin,  Chanchamayo,  1600 m, 18 Apr 1996 [1966, in error], O. del Castillo ex Bennett 7503. Holotype: USM, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, Junin, Chanchamayo,  2700 m, 22 Apr 1996, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 7503 (MOL).

The   holotype   was   not   found   at   USM.   The protologue  erroneously  indicates  that  the  type specimen was collected on 1966. del Castillo provided specimens to David Bennett in the 1990s and not in the 1960s.

Two preparations of Bennett 7503 are in the Bennett Collection at MOL: one pressed and one in spirit. The data written on the label of the herbarium  specimen indicates  that the specimen  was collected  at 2700 m of elevation and prepared on April 22, 1996. The date of preparation (day and month) and elevation disagree with that given on the protologue.  The specimen  in spirit consists of an inflorescence with intact flowers, but it does not have date of preparation.

In absence of the holotype, a lectotype is designated here (ICN. Art. 9.2). The specimen chosen as lectotype is the most complete (pressed) specimen.

Catasetum adremedium D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 409. 1998.

TYPE:  Peru,  Loreto,  Ucayali,  km  84  along  road between Tingo Maria and Pucallpa, ca. 400 m, 9 Sept 1991, E. Jara P. ex Bennett 5295. Holotype: AMES, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, Loreto: Ucayali, km 84 Tingo Maria toward Pucallpa, 400 m, 24 Feb 1992, E. Jara P. ex Bennett 5295-15  (MOL, part in spirit).

The holotype was not found at AMES (G. A. Romero, pers. comm.). The specimen found in the Bennett  Collection  at MOL has the suffix “15”; i.e. Bennett 5295-15  and a different  date of preparation; however  it represents  the original  material  and it is here chosen as lectotype (ICN. Art. 9.12).

Catasetum  cotylicheilum  D.E.Benn.  & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 410. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado, 20 kms from Tingo  Maria  along  road  to Pucallpa  in abandoned rubber grove, 1 Apr 1988, ca. 900 m, E. Jara P. ex Bennett  4306.  Holotype:   USM,  lost.  Lectotype here designated: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado 20 km from Tingo  Maria,  towards  Pucallpa  in an old rubber plantation,  600 m, Bennett  4306-14  (MOL- spirit; Fig. 4).

The holotype of Catasetum cotylicheilum was not found in any Peruvian herbarium. Four specimens of Bennett 4306 with different suffixes are in the Bennett Collection at MOL: Bennett 4306-14 (one pressed and two in spirit) and Bennett 4306-16 (pressed with part in spirit). Only the pressed specimen of Bennett 4306-14 has collection data on the label. The specimen chosen here as lectotype is Bennett 4306-14 in spirit made up of two flowers (one dissected)  which were probably used for the species illustration (ICN. Art. 9.12, 9A.3). Because it is uncertain if the other two specimens of Bennett 4306-14 were prepared on the same date as the lectotype, they are not designated here as isolectotypes.

Catasetum purusense D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 417. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Ucayali, Coronel Portillo, Puerto Esperanza,  along  Rio  Purus,  200  m,  12  Nov  1997, J. Graham  and J. Schunke  V. 310 ex Bennett  7811. Holotype: USM, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru,  Ucayali,  Coronel  Portillo,  Puerto  Esperanza, along Rio Purus, 200-250 m, 16 Dec 1997, J. Graham and J. Schunke V. sn ex Bennett 7811-1 (MOL).

The  holotype  of  Catasetum  purusense  was  not found at USM.

James Graham collected a living plant (sterile) of this species and gave it to David Bennett (without a collection  number)  on  November  1997  (J.  Graham, pers. comm.). David Bennett incorporated  this living specimen  into  his  nursery  as  Bennett  7811.  When the  plant  bloomed,  it was  illustrated  (on  December 15, 1997)  and pressed  and in spirit specimens  were prepared.

The  original  material  of  Catasetum   purusense found in the Bennett collection at MOL includes two specimens  in spirit  and  one  pressed.  One  specimen in  spirit  consists  of  two  flowers  and  the  other  of three flowers. Both specimens in spirit are labeled as Bennett 7811. They do not have date of preparation but agree with the description of the species. The pressed specimen is labeled as: J. Graham & J. Schunke s.n. ex Bennett 7811-1, it consists of a pressed inflorescence prepared on December 16, 1997.

In absence of the holotype, a lectotype is designated here from among the specimens that comprise the original material (ICN. Art. 9.12). The specimen here chosen  as lectotype  is the most complete  herbarium specimen.

Chaubardiella  delcastilloi D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 423. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Cusco, Quillabamba, Quirimbiri district, San Pantuari, 26 Sept 1995, 900 m, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 7309. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM-spirit, now deposited at MOL-spirit (Fig. 5).

The dissected flower in spirit found in the Bennett collection  at MOL agrees with the illustration  of the original publication.

Chaubardiella serrulata D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 424. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Cuzco, Quillabamba, Quirimbiri District, San Pantuari  (a native community),  909 m, 26 Sept
1995, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 7307. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL-[spirit] (Fig. 6).

Bennett  7307 in spirit was found  in the Bennett Collection  at MOL;  however,  a pressed  preparation was not located in any Peruvian herbarium. The specimen  is a dissected  flower that  agrees  with  the illustration  of the original publication.  Therefore  the specimen in spirit is the holotype.

Chondrorhyncha plicata D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Brittonia 46: 24. 1994.

TYPE: Peru, Junin, Kivinaki, N margin of Rio Perene, 1700 m, 26 Mar 1992, O. del Castillo s.n. ex D. Bennett 5507. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, now  deposited  at  MOL[-spirit]  (Fig.  7).  PArATyPe: Peru, Dept. Piura, Prov. Ayabaca,  Ruinas de Aypate, below summit, 1950 m, J. Campoverde ex D. Bennett 5723. Paratype: NY? [see below]. Basionym  of: Chondroscaphe  plicata (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) Dressler, Orquideologia 22: 22. 2001.

Bennett  5507 in spirit was found  in the Bennett Collection  at MOL;  however,  a pressed  preparation was not located in any Peruvian herbarium. The spirit specimen  is a dissected  flower that  agrees  with  the illustration  of the original publication.  Therefore  the specimen in spirit is the holotype.

Bennett & Christenson (1994) designated the specimen   Bennett   5723  deposited   at  NY  as  the paratype of Chondrorhyncha plicata. However; a year later, the same authors cited the same collection -but a specimen deposited at USM as Chondrorhyncha viridisepala  Senghas  (Icon.  Orchid.  Peruv:  t.  219, 1995).  The  specimen  that  is  conserved  at  NY  has the suffix number  “4” (Bennett  5723-4,  paratype?). No specimen  of Bennett  5723  was  found  at USM. However, Bennett 5723-1 was found in the Bennett’s spirit collection at MOL. Further research is necessary in order to know the true identities of Bennett 5723-4 and Bennett 5723-1.

Cycnoches christensonii D.E. Benn., Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 430. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado, Bejucal, 1400 m, E. Jara P. ex Bennett 7351. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL, part in spirit; [Isotypes: MOL (x3)].

Cycnoches cooperi subsp ayacuchoensis  D.E. Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 431. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Ayacucho, San Miguel, Ayna, sector Macheate,  1365 m, 26 Sept 1995, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 7275. Holotype: USM, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, Ayacucho, San Miguel, Ayna, Macheate,  1365  m,  9 Feb  1997,  O.  del  Castillo  ex Bennett 7275 (MOL).

The holotype of Cycnoches cooperi subsp ayacuchoensis was not located in any Peruvian herbarium. However, five specimens of Bennett 7275 are in the Bennett Collection  at MOL: three pressed and two in spirit. They represent the original material. Two specimens  have  pistillate  flowers: one in spirit and  one  pressed  (the  latter  prepared  on  April  13, 1996). And three specimens  have staminate  flowers: one in spirit and two pressed specimens with different dates of preparation:  February  9, 1997 and June 10, 1998 (this specimen consists of two sheets; and does not have locality data on the label). None of the specimens  found  at  the  Bennett  Collection  has  the same date of preparation given in the protologue nor have an annotation that indicates that it is the holotype. However,  in two specimens  (one staminate  and one pistillated) David Bennett wrote: “sp nov”. Therefore, the specimen here chosen as lectotype is the one with a staminate flower with the Bennett’s annotation (ICN. Art. 9.12, 9A.3).

Cycnoches  farnsworthianum  D.E.Benn.  & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 619. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru,  Ucayali,  Purus,  Rio  Curanjo,  vicinity of   Colombiana,    native   community,    10º03’66’’S, 71º06’04’’W,  300-350  m [250  m,  in error],  24  Feb 2000, J. Graham (#1110) & J. Schunke ex Bennett 7957. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL.

An  unmounted  pressed  specimen  of  Cycnoches was found in the Bennett Collection at MOL. It was between  newspaper  sheets,  without  a label but with two annotations  on the sheet: “1110”  and “unicate”. During the preparation of the present manuscript; the specimen  was shown to James Graham (the original collector of the type specimen); and he recognized the specimen and the handwritten notes on the sheet (that were written by J. Schunke Vigo, the co-collector of the specimen). A careful review of the specimen and the protologue, together with the information provided by J. Graham, confirm that this specimen is the holotype of Cycnoches farnsworthianum.

The protologue  indicates  that the type specimen was collected at 250 m; however, the collection data provided  by  J.  Graham  indicates  that  it  was  found at 300-350 m. Therefore, the elevation data in the protologue is erroneous and is here corrected.

Cycnoches  quatuorcristis  D.E.Benn.,  Lindleyana  7: 83. 1992.

TYPE:   Peru,   Department   of   Junin,   Province   of Satipo, District of Paratushiali,  700 m, Feb 1990, R. Fernandez  23,  [89368,  in  error],      Holotype  USM, lost [See below]. Lectotype here designated:  Peru, Department  of Junin, Province  of Satipo, District of Paratushiali, 700 m, 14 Feb 1990, R. Fernandez 23, ex Bennett 4568 (USM 167755).

Bennett  stated in the original  publication:  “Male flowers  of  the  type  specimen  are  at  FLAS  under Bennett  4568”  (page  87). This  specimen  was found at FLAS!; it was prepared by Mark Whitten after flowering in cultivation on January 2, 1991 (the label says: “Plant collected in 1990 by Ricardo Fernandez and exported by David E. Bennett Jr as Bennett 4568, coll. Mark Whitten  3834”).  But the preparation  date of this specimen disagrees with that given in the type designation in the protologue.

In  the  Bennett   collection   at  MOL  there  is  a specimen of Bennett 4568 in spirit. It consists of two dissected staminate flowers that agree with the species description. But it has no collection data or type’s annotation on the label.

There are two specimens  with staminate  flowers at USM; they have the same locality and date of preparation  that is given in the protologue;  however with a different collection number: “Ricardo Fernandez 23, ex Bennett 4568” (instead of R. Fernandez 89369). The collection  number cited in the protologue  is not R. Fernandez´s number (pers. comm); therefore the original  type citation  in the protologue  is erroneous and here is corrected.

Both specimens  at USM have a printed  label of the FLAS Herbarium that indicates that the specimens flowered in cultivation  at the University  of Florida. One specimen (USM-167755)  has an additional label of  Bennett’s  personal  herbarium.  However,  neither of them has an annotation that indicates that it is the holotype. As there is not a clear holotype, a lectotype is designated here (ICN. Art. 9.2, 9A.3). The specimen chosen is the herbarium specimen at USM that has the Bennett’s label.

Cyrtochilum  mezae D.E.Benn.  & Christenson,  Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 623. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru, Amazonas,  Chachapoyas,  1800  m, [8] May 1992, J. Meza T. ex Bennett 5565. Holotype: originally  deposited  at Herb.  Bennettianum,  now  at MOL; Isotype: MOL- spirit.

David Bennett wrote on the label of the herbarium specimen: “sp. nov”; but did not indicate that the flower in spirit was part of the same specimen. Therefore the specimen in spirit is an isotype (ICN. Art 8.3).

Cyrtochilum plurituberculatum D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 624. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Amazonas,  Chachapoyas,  exact locality uncertain, J. Meza T. ex Bennett 5090. Holotype: originally deposited  at Herb.  Bennettianum,  now  at MOL, part in spirit.

Cyrtochilum stegasaurum D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 625. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru,  Huanuco,  Leoncio  Prado,  6  km  SE Tingo  Maria,  1000-1150  m,  28 Aug  1993,  E.  Jara P. ex Bennett    6441.  Holotype:  originally  deposited at  Herb.  Bennettianum,   [now  at  MOL],  lost  [see below]. Lectotype here designated: Peru, [Piura, Huancabamba, 15-20 km NE from Huancabamba city, 3000 m, 22 Sept 1993, J. Campoverde s.n.,] ex Bennett 6444 (MOL-spirit; Fig. 8).

In  the  protologue   Bennett   6441  was  cited  as holotype  of Cyrtochilum  stegasaurum.  However,  the specimen labeled Bennett 6441 found in the Bennett collection at MOL is an Oncidium species. This specimen  has  not  locality  data  on  the  label,  only the  date  of  preparation:  September  23,  1993.  The Table Records of the illustrated  Bennett’s  specimens indicates that Bennett 6441 is Oncidium retusum Lindl. Two specimens of Cyrtochilum collected from Huancabamba (Deptartment of Piura) by Jose Campoverde and labeled as Bennett 6444 are at MOL: one pressed and the other in spirit. The herbarium specimen consists of part of an inflorescence with just one flower and was prepared on September 22, 1993. The specimen in spirit is a dissected flower (without date of preparation) that agrees with the illustration of Cyrtochilum  stegasaurum  of the original publication. Although,  Bennett 6444 was not found on the Table of Records  of the illustrated  Bennett’s  specimens;  it seems  that Bennett  6444 is the type of Cyrtochilum stegasaurum and the type designation in the protologue is erroneous.

The  two  specimens  of  Bennett  6444  (found  at MOL)   and   the   original   illustration   represent   the original  material  of Cyrtochilum  stegasaurum  (ICN. Art.  9.3).  In absence  of the holotype,  the specimen chosen here as lectotype is the dissected flower in spirit (ICN. Art. 9.12, 9A.3).

Cyrtochilum tricornis Dalström & Ruíz-Pérez, Lankesteriana 12: 151. 2012.

TYPE: Peru, Cusco, Quillabamba, Rio Chullapi Reserva, 2000-2200 m, field collected by Luis Valenzuela  and his team from the Cusco University, with J. Sönnemark  and S. Dalström, 9 Dec. 2002, S. Dalström et al. 2699.  Holotype: CUZ.

Bennett & Christenson (1998) recognized Bennett 7672   as   Oncidum   saltabundum   Rchb.f.   in   Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 533 (1998). Dalström and Ruíz-Pérez (2012)  during  their  research  at  herbaria  collections did not find any preserved specimen of Bennett 7672. Therefore, in the protologue of Cyrtochilum tricornis, they  designated  the  published  illustration  (prepared on  December  21,  1996)  based  on  Bennett  7672  as paratype. However; during the present study, two specimens of Bennett 7672 were found in the Bennett Collection  at  MOL:  one  pressed  and  one  in  spirit. These specimens  at MOL are not paratypes,  because Dalström and Ruíz-Pérez (2012) did not definitely designate as types (ICN. Art 7 Ex.9).

Dichaea alcantarae D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 31. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, Villarica, 10 km SE of Canal de Piedra, 2000 m, Jan 1993, leg. O. del Castillo, Bennett 6060. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 9).

Bennett  6060 in spirit was found  in the Bennett Collection at MOL; however, a pressed preparation was not located in any Peruvian herbarium. The specimen consists of flowers that agree with the illustration  of the  original  publication.  Therefore  the  specimen  in spirit is the holotype.

Dichaea caveroi D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 629. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Amazonas, Condorcanqui, from area closely surrounding  the Border Guard Post “Alfonso Ugarte” PV-3, 1300 m, Aug 1994, M. Cavero B. 1660 ex   Bennett   6725.   Holotype:   Herb.   Bennettianum [now at MOL], lost [see below]. Lectotype here designated:  Peru, Amazonas,  Condorcanqui,  Puesto de Vigilancia PV-3, 1200 m, 30 Aug 1994, M. Cavero B. sn ex Bennett 6725 (MOL).

Two specimens of Bennett 6725 are in the Bennett Collection  at  MOL:  one  pressed  and  one  in  spirit. The herbarium specimen was prepared on August 30, 1994; the data on the label indicates that the specimen was collected  at 1200 m and not at 1300 m as was cited in the protologue.  The label also indicates  the illustration number of the specimen (LAM-1059); but did not indicate that the specimen in spirit is part of the same specimen.  The specimen  in spirit consists of a dissected flower that agrees with the illustration of the original publication. The illustration was prepared on August 26, 1994; probably on this date the specimen in spirit was prepared. Both specimens at MOL represent the original material of Dichaea caveroi; however neither of them has an annotation that indicates it is the holotype. Therefore, as there is not a clear holotype, a lectotype is designated here from among the specimens that comprise  the original  material  (ICN. Art. 9.12); the specimen chosen is the most complete pressed specimen.

Dichaea delcastilloi D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 33. 1998.

TYPE:  Peru, Junin, Chanchamayo,  Santa Cruz, 15 km SE of San Ramon, 2200 m, leg. O. del Castillo, Jan 1993, flowered in cultivation 11 Sept 1993 [1997 in error], Bennett 6106. Holotype: NY, lost; [Isotype: MOL-spirit,  here designated  as Lectotype]  (Fig. 10).

The  holotype  was  not  found  at NY (T.  Zanoni, pers. comm.). The protologue cites that the date of preparation  of  the  holotype  was  on  September  11, 1997; however it is erroneous. The correct date is September 11, 1993; which is also the same date when the specimen was illustrated.

Two specimens of Bennett 6106 are in the Bennett Collection  at  MOL:  one  in  spirit  and  one  pressed. The specimen  in spirit consists  of two flowers (one dissected)   that  agree   with  the  illustration   of  the original publication. The date of preparation is not indicated on the label of this specimen; however, this was probably prepared on same date of the illustration (and the holotype).  Therefore,  the specimen  in spirit represents  the isotype. The herbarium  specimen  was prepared on September 12, 1993; which disagrees with the date given in the protologue.

In absence  of the holotype,  the extant isotype in spirit found in the Bennett Collection at MOL is here chosen as lectotype (ICN. Art. 9.12).

Dichaea longipedunculata D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 435. 1998.

TYPE:    Peru,    Cusco,    Quillabamba,    District    of Quirimbiri,  sector  Qirimbiri  river,  842  m,  26  Sept 1995,  O.  del  Castillo  ex  Bennett  7254.  Holotype: USM, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, without locality data [probably same as in the protologue], 11 Oct 1995, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 7254 (MOL).

Three specimens  of Bennett  7254 were found in the Bennett Collection at MOL: one specimen in spirit (a dissected flower) and two pressed specimens with different dates of preparation;  October 11, 1995 (this specimen lacks locality data) and November 27, 1995 (sterile),  respectively.  However,  neither  of the dates agree with that given in the protologue  nor is there an annotation  on the labels that indicates  which one is the holotype. Therefore, as there is no holotype, a lectotype is designated here from among the specimens that comprise  the original  material  (ICN. Art. 9.12); the specimen chosen is the most complete herbarium specimen.

Dichaea peruviensis D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 631. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, [Junin, Chanchamayo], without exact locality [prepared on 25 June 1994], Hort. E. Edwards ex Bennett  6605.  Holotype:  originally  deposited  at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL.

The  label  of  the  specimen  indicates  that  even though the exact locality is unknown, the plant comes from  Chanchamayo,  Dpto.  Junin;  and  the  specimen was prepared on June 25, 1994.

Dressleria  bennettii  H.G.Hills  &  Christenson, Brittonia 47: 184. 1995.

TYPE:  Peru,  Junin,  Chanchamayo,   N  side  of  Rio Perené up the Ubiriki Valley, 3 hour walk by natives, 950 m, O.del Castillo ex D. Bennett 5064. Holotype: NCU; Isotypes: FLAS-spirit, NY, SEL-spirit, USM [isotypes not found].

Harold G. Hills (2012) in his taxonomic revision of Dressleria provided the following information for the type material: “Peru, Depto. de Junin, Chanchamayo, Ubiriki Valley, north side of Rio Perene, Oliveros del Castillo [Oliveras, in error], 6 June 1991, ex hort 23 June 1991, D.E. Bennett Jr. 5064-2. Holotype: NCU; isotypes: NY, K spirit”. Until now, only the holotype was found.

A  pressed   specimen   of   Dressleria   bennettii: Bennett 5064-2 is in the Bennett Collection at MOL. This specimen was prepared on July 8, 1991 and assigned as isotype by David Bennett. However; this is not a duplicate  (isotype)  of the holotype  because they were not made as a single gathering (ICN. Art. 8.2).

Elleanthus caveroi D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 33. 1998.

TYPE:  Peru, Amazonas,  Condorcanqui,  surrounding area near PV-3 (border guard post), Aug 1994, 1300 m, M. Cavero B. et al. 1614. Holotype: MOL; Isotype: USM, [not there] [synTyPes, see below]. Lectotype here designated: Peru, without collection data [probably same as in the protologue], M. Cavero B. et al. 1614 (MOL; Isolectotype: MOL, MOL-spirit).

Type specimens were deposited at MOL by David Bennett  seven years after their collection  (in 2001) and never at USM. However, three specimens of M. Cavero 1614 were found in the Bennett collection at MOL: one in spirit and two pressed. The herbarium specimens were in separated sheets, un-mounted and lacking labels; only an annotation with the collection number.  None  of  the  specimens  has  an  annotation that indicates which one is the holotype or that they constitute a single specimen. Therefore the three specimens found in the Bennett collection represent syntypes (ICN. Art. 40 Note 1). As there is not a clear holotype,  a lectotype  is designated  here  (ICN. Art. 9.2). The specimen  chosen  here as lectotype  is the most complete pressed specimen.

Encyclia bennettii Christenson, Brittonia 46: 29. 1994.

TYPE:  Peru,  Dept.  Huanuco,  Prov.  Huanuco,  near Carpish Pass on Huanuco side, 2350 m, 31 Aug 1985, D. & A. Bennett 3490. Holotype: according to the protologue  at USM,  now  deposited  at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 11).

Basionym of: Prosthechea bennettii (Christenson) W.E.Higgins, Phytologia 82: 376 (1997 publ. 1998).

Bennett 3490 in spirit was found in the Bennett Collection  at MOL; however,  a pressed preparation was not located in any Peruvian herbarium. The specimen in spirit consists of three dissected flowers that agree with the illustration of the original publication.  Therefore  this specimen  represents  the holotype.

Epidendrum  albifloroides D.E.Benn.  & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 445. 1998.

TYPE:  Peru,  Huanuco,  Leoncio  Prado,  Corazon  de Jesus, 5 km S from Cueva de Las Pavas, 1500 m, E.Jara P. ex Bennett 7322. Holotype:  according  to the protologue  at USM,  now  deposited  at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 12).

Bennett  7322 in spirit was found  in the Bennett collection  at  MOL;  however,  a  pressed  preparation was not located in any Peruvian herbarium. The specimen consists of three flowers (one dissected) that agree with the illustration of the original publication. Therefore the specimen in spirit is the holotype.

Epidendrum amplum D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 36. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, along road from Oxapampa to Pozuzo, 1400 m [1350 m, in error], [24] Aug 1988, D. Bennett & A. Bennett 4362. Holotype: NY,  lost;  Isotype:  according  to  the  protologue   at USM, now deposited at MOL, here designated as Lectotype.

The holotype was not found at NY (T. Zanoni, pers. comm.). However, three specimens of Bennett 4362 are in the Bennett collection at MOL: one in spirit and two pressed. One of the herbarium specimens was prepared on August 24, 1988, which is the same date given in the protologue (“Aug 1988”). This is the isotype and it is here chosen  as lectotype  (ICN. Art. 9.12). The other pressed specimen  found at MOL was prepared on August 29, 1989; this date of preparation disagrees with that given in the protologue.

The specimen in spirit consists of a part of an inflorescence (an incomplete  branch) and a dissected flower  which   agrees   with   the  illustration   of  the original  publication.  The  illustration  was  prepared on September  25, 1995; probably this specimen  was prepared on that date. Therefore, the specimen in spirit is not an isotype.

Epidendrum  apaganoides  D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 450. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa,  District of Villarica, lower  elevations  of Cerro  Bocaz,  900-1000  m, Dec 1994, J. Campoverde ex Bennett 6820. Holotype: according  to the protologue  at USM, now deposited at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 13); Isotype: NY? [see below].

Bennett  6820  (holotype)  found  in  the  Bennett Collection  at MOL  consist  of a dissected  flower in spirit that agrees with the illustration  of the original publication. The illustration was prepared on December 7, 1994; probably on the date (day) that the specimen was prepared.

A  herbarium   specimen   recently   designated   as isotype  of  Epidendrum  apaganoides,  was  found  at NY; however it is not an isotype because the collection number (that has the suffix “A”) and elevation data of the specimen disagree with that given in the protologue: ex Bennett 6820-A and 2000 m. Additionally, this specimen  was prepared  on December  12, 1994, five days later that the illustration (and the holotype).

Epidendrum azulense D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 452. 1998.

TYPE:  Peru,  Huanuco,   Leoncio  Prado,  Cordillera Azul, 1450 m, 3 Nov 1986, [1480 m, 16 Nov 1986, in error], D. & A. Bennett & M. Arias 3726. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL, part in spirit.

Bennett  3726  found  in the Bennett  collection  at MOL consists of a pressed and a spirit preparations (a note on the label of the herbarium specimen indicates that the flower in spirit is part of the same specimen). The   label   also   indicates   that   the   specimen   was collected (or prepared) on November 3, 1986 at 1450 m of elevation;  which disagrees  with the data given in the protologue. However, this specimen represents the  holotype  because  both  preparations  agree  with the  illustration   of  the  original  publication;   which was prepared nine years later (on October 26, 1995). Therefore the data cited in the protologue is erroneous and is here corrected.

Epidendrum  bicirrhatum  D.E.Benn.  & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 453. 1998.

TYPE:  Peru, Huanuco,  Leoncio  Prado,  San Juan de Supte near Tingo Maria, 800 m. Nov 1991, E. Jara P. ex Bennett 5393. Holotype:  USM, lost; Isotype: NY, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio  Prado, San Jorge de Supte, 800 m, 20 Mar 1993. E. Jara P. ex Bennett 5393 (MOL).

No type specimen  was found  at USM or at NY (T. Zanoni, pers. comm.). However, five specimens of Bennett 5393 are in the Bennett collection at MOL: two in spirit and three pressed. The herbarium specimens have different dates of preparation: February 2, 1992, March 20, 1993 and August 14, 1993. None of these dates agrees with that given in the protologue. In absence of the holotype, a lectotype is designated here (ICN. Art. 9.2). The specimen chosen here as lectotype is the one that appears to be one of the branches illustrated in the original publication.

Epidendrum  bidens D.E.Benn.  & Christenson,  Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 634. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado, Cueva de Las Pavas, ca 1000 m, 1992 [prepared on 16 Feb 2001], E. Jara P. ex Bennett 5706. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL.

Four specimens of Bennett 5706 are in the Bennett collection at MOL: two in spirit and two pressed prepared on different dates: July 15, 1999 and February 16, 2001. The last was designated as holotype by David Bennett (handwriting on the label).

Epidendrum burtonii D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 635. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru,  Junin,  Satipo,  Calabazas,  along  road to Huancayo, 1700 m, 3 Mar 1990 [31 July 1987, in error], Bennett et al. 3987-1 [3987, in error]. Holotype: originally  deposited  at Herb.  Bennettianum,  now  at MOL.

Five specimens of Bennett 3987 with and without suffix  numbers  that  represent  two  different  species are in the Bennett collection at MOL. The herbarium specimen  labeled  as  Bennett  3997-1  and  prepared on March 3, 1990 agrees with the illustration of Epidendrum burtonii in the original publication; therefore it is the holotype. The original type citation in the protologue is erroneous and is here corrected.

The other specimens found in the Bennett collection are: Bennett 3987 (two in spirit and one pressed) and Bennett 3987-2 (a pressed specimen); both correspond to Epidendrum  goodspeedianum  A.D.Hawkes  (Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 047 (1993).

Epidendrum caveroi D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 36. 1998.

TYPE:  Peru,  Amazonas,  Condorcanqui,  Meseta  de Cerro Machinaza,  2100 m, Aug 1994, M. Cavero B. et al. 1625. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL, part in spirit; Isotype: MOL [there is not isotype; see below].

Type specimens were deposited at MOL by David Bennett seven years later (in 2001) and never at USM. Two preparations of M. Cavero 1625 are in the Bennett collection  at  MOL:  a  pressed  plant  and  flowers  in spirit. The herbarium  specimen was un-mounted  and lacked  a  label;  but  with  the  collection  number  and an annotation that indicate: “unicato” [i.e. unicate]; which  means  that only one specimen  was prepared. A  careful  examination   of  original  illustration   and both preparations of M. Cavero 1625 indicate that the flowers in spirit are part of the pressed  preparation. As both preparations  are now deposited  in the same herbarium,  they represent  a single specimen;  i.e. the holotype (ICN. Art. 8.2, Art. 8.3-Ex.5).

Epidendrum     compressibulbum     D.E.    Benn.    & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 36. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado, near Cueva de las Pavas, 1000 m, leg. E. Jara P. Sept 1991, flowered in cultivation Sept 1992, Bennett 5332. Holotype: NY, lost; Isotype: USM, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, without exact locality [probably same as in the protologue],  02 Feb 1992, Bennett 5332 (MOL, part in spirit).

The type specimens were not found at NY (T. Zanoni, pers. comm.) nor at USM. The extant original material  found in the Bennett  Collection  at MOL is designated here as lectotype (ICN. Art. 9.12). This specimen lacks locality data on the label.

Epidendrum cryptotropis Hágsater, Collantes & E.Santiago, Icon. Orchid. 14: t. 1420. 2013.

TYPE:  Peru, Huancavelica,  Bosque Amaru,  3200 m [2500-2700 m in error], September 1999, Reden Suárez & Gissela Alegría ex Bennett 7945. Holotype: MOL.

The holotype, located at MOL, consists of two plants;  that  were  originally  unmounted,  but  placed inside  a  folder  with  collection  data  written  on  it. During the curation work at MOL the specimen was mounted  on two sheets. The protologue  indicates  an erroneous  elevation  data (the right elevation  is 3200 m) that is corrected here.

Epidendrum delcastilloi D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 39. 1998.

TYPE:  Peru,  Pasco,  Oxapampa,  Puerto  Bermudez, 250 m, 21 Aug 1991. Leg. O. del Castillo, flowered in  cultivation  Sept  1992,  Bennett  5247.  Holotype: USM, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, Puerto Bermudez, 250 m, 14 Oct 1992, O. del Castillo ex D. E. Bennett 5247. Lectotype: NY!.

The holotype was not located in any Peruvian herbarium.  Two specimens  in spirit of Bennett  5247 were  found  in  the  Bennett  collection  at  MOL:  one is an intact flower and the other just an anther with two   pollinia.   Additionally,   a  herbarium   specimen of Bennett 5247 at NY was annotated as isotype (by David Bennett?); however its date of preparation disagrees with that given in the protologue.

The specimens in spirit at MOL and the herbarium specimen at NY represent the original material of Epidendrum delcastilloi. In absence of the holotype, a lectotype is designated here from among the specimens that  comprise  the  original  material  (ICN.  Art.  9.2, 9.12). The specimen  chosen as lectotype is the most complete specimen kept at NY.

Epidendrum      dialychilum      subsp.     Peruvianum D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 42. 1998.

TYPE:  Peru, Amazonas,  Condorcanqui,  in the inmediate vicinity of the Peruvian border guard station “Alfonso  Ugarte”  PV-3,  1250,  Aug  1994,  leg.  M. Cavero et al., Bennett 6702. Holotype: NY!; Isotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL[-spirit].

Basionym  of: Epidendrum  rhopalostele  Hágsater & Dodson, Icon. Orchid. 4: t. 481. 2001.

Epidendrum frechetteanum D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 637. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Huancavelica, Tayacaja, Cedroyoc, 2400 m, 15 Feb 1999, M. León M. et al. 2990. Holotype: originally   deposited   at  Herb.   Bennettianum,   now at MOL [synTyPes, see below]. Lectotype here designated: Peru, Huancavelica, Tayacaja, Cedroyoc, 2400 m, 15 Feb 1999, M. León et al. 2990. Lectotype: MOL-spirit    (Fig.   14);   Isolectotype:    MOL-spirit. Neotype here superseded: Peru, Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa.   Dist.   Huancabamba.   Parque   Nacional Yanachaga  Chemillen. Abra Yanachaga,  3000 - 3100 m, 20 Feb 2005; Edwin Becerra et al. 862; Neotype (proposed  by Collantes  & Hágsater  in Icon. Orchid. 14: t.1429. 2013):  HOXA; Neoisotypes: MO, USM.

The field work report of M. León et al. indicates that specimens of M. León et al. 2990 were collected on  February  15,  1999.  The  collection  consisted  of living plants and pressed and in spirit preparations. Three specimens  of M. León et al. 2990 were found in the  Bennett  collection  at MOL:  one  pressed  and two in spirit. The herbarium  specimen  was prepared latter  on June  5, 1999  by David  Bennett  (from  the living  specimen  collected  by  M.  León);  this  date of  preparation  disagrees  with  the  date  given  in  the protologue.

One  specimen  in  spirit  comprises  of  a  whole plant  with  a  dissected  flower;  the  other  specimen in  spirit  comprises  a stem  with  two  flowers. These two  specimens  in spirit  were  prepared  by M.  León et al. Therefore their dates of preparation  agree with that  given  in the protologue.  However,  none  of the specimens  has  an  annotation  that  indicates  which one  is the  holotype  or  that  they  constitute  a single specimen.  Therefore  both  specimens  represent syntypes (ICN. Art. 40 Note 1). As there is not a clear holotype,  a  lectotype  is  designated  here  (ICN.  Art. 9.2).  The  specimen  here  chosen  as  lectotype  is  the most complete specimen in spirit that seems was the one used for preparing the illustration. (The collection data cited above for the lectotype was taken from the field work report of M. León et al.).

The lectotypification of Epidendrum frechetteanum based on original material supersedes the neotype proposed by Collantes & Hágsater (2013) (ICN. Art. 9.13, 9.19(a)).

Epidendrum fujimorianum D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 459.1998.

TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado, along old road from Carpish to Tingo Maria, 2400 m, 31 Oct 1986 [30 Oct 1986, in error], D. Bennett et al. 3665. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL, part in spirit. The data written on the label indicates that the specimen was collected on October 31, 1986 not; on October 30, 1986, as cited in the protologue.

The illustration published with the original publication of the species does not correspond to Epidendrum fujimorianum; as was already pointed out by Hágsater in Icon. Orchid. 8: t. 834 (2006).

Epidendrum fuscum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 9: 84. 1921.

TYPE:   Peru,   Cajamarca,   Easterns   shelf   of   the Cordillera above Tabaconas, 2400 m, May 1912, Weberbauer  6301. Holotype:  B, destroyed.  Neotype (designated by Bennett & Christenson in Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 442. 1998): Peru, Cusco, Cusco, road to Quillabamba, ca. 2500 m, May 1995, M. Cavero & J. León G. 1664 (according  to the protologue  at USM, now deposited at MOL[-spirit]  (Fig. 15); Isoneotype: MOL, lost.

Basionym  of:  Prosthechea  fusca  (Schltr.) D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 750. 2001.

M.  Cavero  &  J.  León  G.  1664  in  spirit  was found in the Bennett collection at MOL; however, a pressed preparation was not located in any Peruvian herbarium.  The specimen  consists  of flowers (some dissected)   that  agree  with  the  illustration   of  the original publication.

The isoneotype was not found at MOL (not Bennett collection).

Epidendrum  jarae D.E. Benn. & Christenson,  Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 639. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado, San Jorge de Supte, about 3 kms from Tingo Maria, ca 800 m. Feb 1992, E. Jara P. ex Bennett 5396. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL; [Isotypes: MOL-in spirit (x2)].

Two additional specimens of Bennett 5396 in spirit (isotypes)  were  found  in  the  Bennett  collection  at MOL.

Epidendrum laxicaule D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 42. 1998.

TYPE:  Peru,  Junin,  Chanchamayo,  Puerto  Yurinaki, 1050  m, 200 m above  the shoreline  of Rio Perene, leg. O. del Castillo, 7 Jul 1991, flowered in cultivation Dec 1992, Bennett 5106. Holotype:  according  to the protologue at USM, now deposited at NY!; [Isotypes: MOL-spirit (x2)].

The  holotype  was  found  at NY. Two  specimens of Bennett 5106 in spirit (isotypes) were found in the Bennett collection at MOL.

Epidendrum leonii D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 42. 1998.

TYPE:  Peru,  Pasco,  Oxapampa,  below  Cacazu  near Los Angeles bridge, 800 m, leg. O. del Castillo, Feb 1993,  flowered  in  cultivation   Sept  1995,  Bennett 6127.  Holotype:  NY,  lost;  Isotype:  according  to the protologue  at USM,  now deposited  at MOL[-spirit], here designated as Lectotype (Fig. 16).

The  holotype  was  not  found  at NY (T.  Zanoni, pers. comm.). An extant isotype in spirit found in the Bennett collection at MOL is chosen here as lectotype (ICN. Art. 9.2, 9.12).

Epidendrum llactapataense D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 641. 2001.

TYPE:   Peru,   Huancavelica,   Tayacaja:   Llactapata, 2600 m, 14 Feb 1999 [prepared on 11 Mar 1999], M. León M. et al. 2967 [2966, in error] [ex Bennett 7891]. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL.

The protologue cites M. León et al. 2966 as the type specimen of Epidendrum llactapataense. However, the field work report of M. León et al. indicates “MLM-2966” as Neodryas sp. (type of Neodryas acuminate D.E. Benn. & Christenson  (MOL!))  and the “MLM-2967” as Epidendrum  sp. Therefore the original type designation in the protologue is erroneous and is here corrected. The report of M. León et al. also indicates that they collected living plant(s) and prepared specimens in spirit and pressed of MLM-2967 on February 14, 1999.

Two   specimens   of  Epidendrum   llactapataense are in the Bennett  Collection  at MOL:  one in spirit and one pressed.  The specimen  in spirit  consists  of an inflorescence  with  intact  flowers. The  herbarium specimen was prepared on March 11, 1999 by David Bennett  (from  the  living  specimen  collected  by  M. León  et al.);  it was  incorrectly  labeled  as M.  León 2966 (as it was cited in the protologue)  and Bennett assigned  his  own  collection  number:  Bennett  7891. The herbarium specimen is the holotype.

An  additional  herbarium  specimen  of  M.  León 2967 was deposited by the collector to MOL; it was mounted specimen without a label. This specimen was not used by Bennett for the species description.

Epidendrum microcattleyioides D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 644. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru,  Huancavelica,  Tayacaja,  Huachocolpa, 3000 m, 28 Aug 1999, R. Suarez G. & G. Alegria T. ex Bennett 7939. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 17).

Bennett  7939 in spirit was found  in the Bennett Collection  at MOL;  however,  a pressed  preparation was not located. The spirit specimen, consisting of a dissected flower that agrees with the illustration of the original publication is the holotype.

Epidendrum   miradoranum   Dodson  &  D.E.Benn., Icon. Pl. Trop., II, 1: t. 66. 1989.

TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado, 10 km above Mirador, 20 km northeast of Carpish on road to Tingo Maria, 2400 to 2600 m, 8 Nov.1987. D. & A. Bennett & M. Arias 3679. Holotype: MO?.

Three specimens  of Bennett  3679 were found in the Bennett collection at MOL: one in spirit and two pressed. The latter were prepared on: October 31, 1986 (two sheets) and November 3, 1986, respectively.

Epidendrum pseudapaganum D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 468. 1998.

TYPE:  Peru,  Cajamarca,  San  Ignacio  District,  San Ignacio  sector,  2650  m,  O.  del  Castillo  ex  Bennett 6392. Holotype: USM, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, without collection data, Bennett 6392-2 (MOL-spirit; Fig. 18).

The holotype was not located in any Peruvian herbarium. A specimen  of Bennett  6392-2,  in spirit in the Bennett  collection  at MOL,  consists  of four flowers that agree with the species description. In absence of the holotype, this specimen (original material)  is here designated  as lectotype  (ICN. Art. 9.2, 9.12).

Epidendrum     pseudoalbiflorum   D.E.Benn.  & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 467. 1998.

TYPE:  Peru,  Amazonas,  Condorcanqui,  Meseta  de Cerro  Machinaz,  2100, August  1994,  M. Cavero  B. et al.1628.  Holotype:  according  to the protologue  at USM, now deposited at MOL, part in spirit.

The holotype  was deposited  at MOL by Bennett in 2001 and never at USM. The pressed specimen was un-mounted  and  lacked  a label;  only  an  annotation with the collection number.

Epidendrum pseudoanceps D.E. Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 46. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado, below El Mirador,   1800   m,   10  Aug   1966,   Bennett   2333. Holotype:  AMES,  lost.  PArATyPe: Peru,  Dept. Huanuco,  Prov.  Leoncio  Prado,  along  road  above Cueva de Pavas, 1400 m. 10 Nov 1991. D. Bennett & A. Bennett 5354. Paratype: USM, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado, Monzon, 850 m, 13 Dec 1991. Bennett 5354-3 (MOL).

Synonym of: Epidendrum forcipatum C. Schweinf. proposed by Hágsater & Sanchez. Icon. Orchid. 12: t. 1243. 2009.

Bennett 2333; holotype of Epidendrum pseudoanceps, was not found at AMES (G. A. Romero, pers. comm.). Hágsater & Sanchez (2009) indicate that there is a specimen in SEL with the same collection number   of  the   holotype;   however   this   specimen was collected in Tarma (Junin) on March 6, 1967. Therefore, it is not part of the original gathering.

The original material of Epidendrum pseudoanceps found  in  the  Bennett  collection  at  MOL  consists  of two specimens of Bennett 5354 with different suffixes; representing gatherings from cultivated plants and used for describing this species (ICN. Art. 9.3). They have different dates of preparation: Bennett 5354-3 prepared on December 13, 1991 and Bennett 5354-2 on April 1, 1992 (this specimen has no locality data on the label). As uncited specimens exist, the lectotype is chosen from among  them  (ICN. Art.  9.12).  The  specimen  chosen here as lectotype is Bennett 5354-3; which was probably used  for  another  illustration  of  the  species  prepared on December 5, 1991 and published by Bennett & Christenson in the Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 469 (1998).

Epidendrum pseudogramineum D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 648. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Cusco, Urubamba, Historic Santuary of Machu Picchu, 3200 m, 13 Sept 2000, M. León M. & B. Collantes M. 4035. Holotype: CUZ?; Isotype: Herb. Bennettianum, lost [see below].

The date of preparation of M. León M. & B. Collantes  M.  4035  found  in  the  Bennett  collection at MOL disagrees  with that given in the protologue: October 4, 2000 (on this date was also prepared  the illustration). This specimen is not a duplicate (isotype) of the holotype because they were not made as a single gathering (ICN. Art. 8.2).

Epidendrum pseudopolystachyum D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 649. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru,  Junin,  Chanchamayo,   Chipes  sector, near  San  Vicente  mine,  1800  m,  10  Sept  1992,  O. del Castillo ex Bennett 5982. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 19).

Bennett  5982 in spirit was found  in the Bennett collection  at  MOL;  however,  a  pressed  preparation was not located. The spirit specimen, consisting of two flowers (one dissected) that agree with the illustration of the original publication is the holotype.

Epidendrum ruizlarreanum D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 651. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Cusco, Convencion, Shell Corporation helipad #29, 12º22’6.6’’S,  73º12º42.97’’W, mountain ridge, 1300 m, Nov 1998, M. Cavero  B. ex Bennett 7833. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 20).

Bennett  7833 in spirit was found  in the Bennett collection  at  MOL;  however,  a  pressed  preparation was not located. The spirit specimen, consisting of two flowers (one dissected) that agree with the illustration of the original publication is the holotype.

A herbarium  specimen  with  the  suffix  “1”;  i.e. Bennett 7833-1 was also found at MOL; this specimen was prepared on December 3, 1998. This specimen is part of the original material.

Epidendrum schizoclinandrium D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 653. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, along road to Pozuzo, 1840 m, 25 Aug 1978, D. & A. Bennett & A. Vargas P. 4473. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 21).

Bennett  4473 in spirit was found  in the Bennett collection  at  MOL;  however,  a  pressed  preparation was not located. The spirit specimen, consisting of six flowers (one dissected) that agree with the illustration of the original publication is the holotype.

Epidendrum schunkei D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 48. 1998.

TYPE:  Peru,  Tumbes,  Zarumilla,  El  Caucho,  leg. J.  Schunke.,   17  Sept  1966  [May  1977,  flowered in cultivation Apr. 1970, in error], Bennett 3154. Holotype: AMES!; Isotype: UC?.

The dates of collection and preparation of the type specimen in the protologue are erroneous; because (according to the protologue) the plant flowered in cultivation  (April 1970) before being collected (May 1977). The label on the holotype specimen at AMES (HUH-00287649) indicates that the specimen was collected on September 17, 1966.

Two specimens (clones) of Bennett 3154 with suffixes are in the Bennett Collection at MOL; a herbarium  specimen  of Bennett 3154-1  prepared  on August 1985 and a specimen in spirit (an intact flower) with two labels: Bennett 3154-1 and Bennett 3154-2.

Epidendrum  semiteretifolium  D.E.Benn.  & Christenson, Brittonia 47: 187. 1995.

TYPE:   Peru,   Pasco,   Oxapampa,    near   crossroad junction of Puerto Bermudez and Iscosan, 650 m, 16 Apr 1991, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 5033. Holotype: according to the protologue  at NY, now deposited at MOL, [Isotype: MOL-spirit].

The holotype never was sent to NY. The herbarium specimen  found  in  the  Bennett  collecition  at  MOL has an annotation that indicates that it is the holotype. Bennett 5033 in spirit (part of an inflorescence)  was also found in the same collection (isotype).

Epidendrum septumspinae D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 655. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru,  Huanuco,  Leoncio  Prado,  Cueva  de Las  Lechuzas.1000  m  [Junin,  Chanchamayo,  SE  of San Ramon near Rio Los Siete Espinas,  1200 m, in error], 26 Mar 1992, E. Jara sn [S. Castro, in error], ex Bennett 5485. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL, part in spirit.

Bennett  5485  found  in the Bennett  collection  at MOL agrees with the description of Epidendrum septumspinae.   However,   the  data  on  the  label  of Bennett 5485 indicates that the specimen was collected by “E. Jara, in Cueva de las Lechuzas, Leoncio Prado, Dpto. Huanuco”. Therefore the collection data cited in the protologue are erroneous and are corrected here.

Epidendrum   avicula   Lindl   published   in  Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 239 (1995); was based on S. Castro ex Bennett  5489; and this specimen  has the locality data that erroneously was cited for the type of E. septumspinae.

Epidendrum uncinatum D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 473. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado, near Cueva de Las Pavas, 1000 m, 7 July 1992, E. Jara P. ex Bennett 5711. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited  at MOL[-spirit]  (Fig. 22). paratype: Peru,  Oxapampa,  District  of Huancabamba,  Caserio (villaje) Culebramarca, 2160 m [2610 m, in error], [28] Nov 1995, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 7381. Paratype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL, part in spirit.

Bennett  5711  in spirit  was found  in the Bennett collection  at  MOL;  however,  a  pressed  preparation was not located in any Peruvian herbarium. The spirit specimen, consisting of two flowers (one dissected) that agree with the illustration of the original publication is the holotype.

Galeottia peruviana D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 48. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Junin, Chanchamayo, 2 hour walk up the course of Rio Yurinaki, 1220 m, leg. O. del Castillo, Aug 1991, flowered in cultivation  Jan 1992, Bennett 5179. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL.

Gongora cruciformis Whitten & D.E.Benn., Brittonia 46: 230. 1994.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, Puerto Bermudez near the Fundo  of Jesus  Saldaña,  flowered in cultivation at  FLAS  3  Mar  1993,  Bennett  4696-5.  Holotype: USM!; Isotypes: FLAS!, NY!, SEL, [AMES!, USM!]. paratype:  Peru,  Huanuco,  Leoncio  Prado,  5-8  km along road to Carpish above Tingo Maria, E. Jara ex Bennett 4049. Paratypes: FLAS!, [USM(x2)!].

Two herbarium specimens of Bennett 4049 are in the Bennett collection at MOL; respectively prepared on October 18, 1987 and February 18, 1990. However these  specimens  at MOL are not paratypes  because they have different dates of preparation than the type specimens  (the  paratypes  were  prepared  on  June  5, 1991).

Gongora  erecta Whitten & D.E.Benn.,  Brittonia  50: 186. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, 4 km S of Puerto Bermudez, on fundo of Celestino Ollero, 350 m, leg. O. del Castillo,  flowered in cultivation  at FLAS, 14 Jul 1994, Bennett 4700-1. Holotype: USM!; Isotypes: FLAS!, NY!, [MOL].

In  addition  to  the  isotype;  four  specimens   of Bennett 4700-1 are in the Bennett Collection at MOL: one specimen in spirit and three herbarium specimens prepared on different dates: July 15, 1991, August 13, 1991  and September  28, 1991;  these  specimens  are part of the original material.

Ida hajekii D.E.Benn. & Oakeley, Orchid Digest 67: 16. 2003.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, below Villarica 600-800 m, towards Puerto Bermudez, 1998, cult. C. Hajek [prepared on 20 Mar 1999], R. Monterrey in Bennett 7895. Holotype: according to the protologue in K, now deposited  at MOL;  Isotypes:  originally  deposited  at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL, [MOL-spirit].

Synonym of: Ida diastasia (D.E.Benn. & Oakeley) A.Ryan  &  Oakeley  according  to  H.  Oakeley  2008, now Sudamerlycaste diastasia (D.E.Benn. & Oakeley) Archila.

The holotype  was deposited  at MOL by Bennett on 2001  and  never  at K. The  type  specimens  were prepared on March 20, 1999.

Kefersteinia aurorae D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Brittonia 46: 233. 1994.

TYPE: Peru, Junin, Chanchamayo,  Kivinaki, N slope above  Rio  Perene,  1  Sep  1993,  O.  del  Castillo  ex Bennett  5516.  Holotype:  NY!;  [Isotype:  MOL-spirit (in part), see below]. paratype: Peru, Junin, Tarma, Contaypaccha, 22 Apr 1992, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 5550. Paratype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL-spirit (mixed), [see below].

Flowers of Bennett 5516 and Bennett 5550 mixed in a single jar were found in the Bennett’s spirit collection at MOL; i.e., the isotype and paratype specimens are mixed. In the jar there are two dissected flowers and one intact flower. The illustration of K. aurorae for the original  publication  was  prepared  based  on  Bennett 5516; therefore the dissected flowers correspond to the isotype.

Kefersteinia  benvenathar  D.E.Benn.  & Christenson, Brittonia 46: 235. 1994.

TYPE:  Peru,  Pasco,  Oxapampa,  Puerto  Bermúdez, Río Lorenzo, 4 Jun 1992, O. del Castillo ex Bennett Bennett 5606. Holotype: USM, lost.  Lectotype here designated:   Peru,  without  locality  data  [probably same  as in the  protologue],  Bennett  5606-1  (MOL- spirit; Fig. 23).

The holotype was not found in any Peruvian herbarium. Bennett 5606-1 in spirit in the Bennett collection at MOL consists of a dissected flower. The Table Records of the illustrated  Bennett’s  specimens indicates that the plate of Kefersteinia benvenathar (LAM-789)  was based on Bennett  5606-1.  However this specimen is not cited in the protologue. As no cited specimen  exists,  Bennett  5606-1  in  spirit  is  chosen here as the lectotype (ICN. Art. 9.12).

Kefersteinia candida D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Brittonia 46: 238. 1994.

TYPE: Peru, Junin, Tarma, District of Huasahuasi, Caserio Santa Rosa, 21 Dec 1992 [28 Nov 1992, in error], O. del Castillo ex Bennett 5922. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at: NY!. paratype: Peru, Junin, Jauja, Dist. Monobamba, Sector Cedrulla, 20 Sep 1993, Bennett 6316-4. Paratypes: NY!, [MOL-spirit].

Kefersteinia delcastilloi D.E.Benn. & Christenson., Brittonia 46: 32. 1994.

TYPE: Peru, Dept. Junin, Prov. Chanchamayo,  above Puerto Yurinaki, 1050 m, 7 July 1991, O. del Castillo ex D. Bennett 5113. Holotype: NY!.

The illustration voucher of Kefersteinia delcastilloi in  the  original  publication  is  based  upon Bennett 5113-1  (see legend  of Fig. 6 on page 33). However this specimen was not cited in the text. A herbarium specimen  of  Bennett  5113-1;  prepared  on  February 29, 1992, was located at NY (this specimen was erroneously  designated  as the holotype). A dissected flower in spirit of Bennett 5113-1 was located at MOL.

Kefersteinia licethyae D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Brittonia 46: 34. 1994.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, Caserio Eneñas, between Villarica and Cacazu, 1200 m, 16 April 1991, O. del Castillo ex D. Bennett 5054. Holotype: NY, lost; [Isotype: MOL-spirit, here designated as Lectotype]. (Fig. 24).

The  holotype  was  not  found  at NY (T.  Zanoni, pers. comm.). An extant isotype in spirit found in the Bennett collection at MOL is chosen here as lectotype (ICN. Art. 9.12).

Kefersteinia salustianae D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Brittonia 46: 37. 1994.

TYPE: Peru, Junin, Chanchamayo,  Tirol, 7 km E of San Ramon, 1200 m, 15 Mar 1992, S. Castro ex D. Bennett 5455. Holotype: NY!.

Two additional specimens of Bennett 5455 are in the Bennett collection at MOL: one pressed and one in spirit. The herbarium specimen was prepared on April 28, 1993; which disagrees with the date given in the protologue; therefore it is not an isotype. The specimen in spirit, consisting of a dissected flower, does not have the date of preparation on the label.

An additional  herbarium  specimen  Bennett  5455 found at NY was prepared on May 9, 1992 and was also erroneously designated as the holotype.

Kefersteinia villenae D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Brittonia 46: 241. 1994.

TYPE:  Peru,  San  Martin,  Moyobamba,  near Pacaysapa,  31 Oct 1992,  R. Villena  & B. Collantes ex Bennett 5699-1 [Bennett 5699, in error]. Holotype: NY!;  Isotype:  according  to the protologue  at USM, now deposited at MOL-spirit (x2).

The labels of the type specimens indicate that the correct collection number is Bennett 5699-1. Therefore the original type citation in the protologue is erroneous and here is corrected.

Kefersteinia villosa D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 51. 1998.

TYPE:    Peru,    Junin,    Chanchamayo,    Arcopunco, above Quebrada  Seca, 2500 m, Leg. O del Castillo, 20 June 1992, flowered in cultivation  28 Aug 1993, Bennett  5609.  Holotype:  NY,  lost;  Isotype:  USM, lost. Lectotype here designated:  Peru, Junin, Prov. Chanchamayo, Cerro Arcopunco, 2500 m, 5 Sept 1992, O. del Castillo, D. Bennett 5609-3 (NY; Isolectotype: MOL-spirit).

No type specimen was found at NY (T. Zanoni, pers. comm.) nor at USM. However, three specimens (original   material)   of   Kefersteinia   villosa   with two different suffixes (clones) were found in two herbaria. A herbarium  specimen  of Bennett 5609-3 is at NY with the following annotation: “sp. nov.?”. Two specimens in spirit are in the Bennett collection at MOL:  Bennett  5609-3  and Bennett  5609-4.  The Table Records of the Bennett’s illustrated specimens indicates that the illustration of the Kefersteinia villosa was based on Bennett 5609-4. However, neither Bennett 5609-3 nor Bennett 5609-4 is cited in the protologue.

As no cited specimens exist, the lectotype is chosen from among uncited specimens (ICN. Art. 9.12). The specimen  here chosen  as lectotype  is the herbarium specimen of Bennett 5609-3.
 
Lepanthes caveroi D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 670. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru, Amazonas,  Condorcanqui,  near  border post PV-3, 1200 m, M. Cavero B. 1645. Holotype: originally  deposited  at Herb.  Bennettianum,  now  at MOL.

Bennett kept the herbarium specimen of M. Cavero B. 1645 unmounted in his personal collection between newspaper  sheets with the collection  number written on them.

Lepanthes leonii D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid.   Peruv.:   t.   673.   2001.   nom.   illeg.,   non Lepanthes leonii C.Schweinf. Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio ‘’De Le Salle’’ 8: 362.1946.

TYPE: Peru, Ayabaca, 20 kms SE of the city of Ayabaca near Olleros, Comunidad Cujaca in the quebrada Mangos,  1500 m, Dec 1993 [date of preparation  11 Oct 1994],  M. León M. ex Bennett  6577.  Holotype: originally  deposited  at Herb.  Bennettianum,  now  at MOL.

The living specimen of M. León M. ex Bennett 6577 was collected on December  1993, but the herbarium specimen was prepared on October 11, 1994.

Lepanthes oxapampaensis D.E. Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 675. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, Villarica, Villarica, Canal de Piedra, 24 Aug 1994 [date of preparation 7 Nov 1994], O. del Castillo ex Bennett 6736. Holotype: originally  deposited  at Herb.  Bennettianum,  now  at MOL.

The living specimen was collected on August 24, 1994 and bloomed from September to November (as indicated in the protologue). The herbarium specimen was prepared on November 7, 1994.

Lockhartia genegeorgei D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 53. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado, 3 kms SW of Cueva de Pavas, alturas de Huachipa, leg. E. Jara P., Sept 1992, Bennett 5199. Holotype: NY, lost; Isotype: USM, lost. PArATyPe: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado, same general locality as the type, leg. E. Jara P. Oct. 1995,  Bennett  7321.  Patatype:  USM,  lost,  [MOL- spirit, here designated as Lectotype] (Fig. 25).

Six herbarium specimens of Bennett 5199 (collection number designated as holotype in the protologue) with different suffixes and dates of preparation were found at four herbaria. None of them agrees  with the date given in the protologue.  They are: Bennett 5199-6 prepared on September 12, 1992 (NY!), Bennett 5199-13 prepared on October 23, 1991 (AMES),  Bennett  5199-13  prepared  on  January  5, 1992 (NY!), Bennett 5199-19 prepared on December 20,  1991  (FLAS),   Bennett   5199-24   prepared   on January 5, 1992 (NY!) and Bennett 5199-24 prepared on March 8, 1992 (MOL). These specimens  are not duplicates  (isotypes)  of  the  holotype  because  they were not made as a single gathering (ICN. Art. 8.2). However, they constitute part of the original material. When an isotype is not extant, the lectotype must be chosen from among the paratypes  (ICN. Art. 9.12). The  specimen  here  chosen  as  lectotype  is  Bennett 7321; the paratype in spirit found in the Bennett collection at MOL.

Lockhartia lepticaula D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 678. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado, above Cueva de Las  Pavas,  950  m, 10 Nov  1991,  E. Jara  P. ex Bennett 5326. Holotype: Herb. Bennettianum, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, without collection data  [probably  same  as  in  the  protologue],  Bennett 5326-2 (MOL-spirit, in part) [see below] (Fig. 26).

The   holotype   was   not   found   in   the   Bennett collection at MOL. However, (three) flowers in spirit of Bennett 5326-1 and Bennett 5326-2 mixed in a single jar were found. One of the flowers is dissected. The Table Records of the illustrated  Bennett’s  specimens indicates that the illustration of Lockhartia lepticaula was   prepared    based   on   Bennett   5326-2.   After comparing  with the illustration,  the dissected  flower is interpreted  to represent  Bennett 5326-2. However, neither Bennett 5326-2 nor Bennett 5326-1 is cited in the protologue.

As no cited specimen exists, the lectotype is chosen from among uncited specimens (ICN. Art. 9.12). The specimen here chosen as lectotype is Bennett 5326-2.

Lockhartia schunkei D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 486. 1998.

TYPE:  Peru,  Tumbes,  Zarumilla,  10 km East  of El Caucho, Bosque Nacional de Tumbes, 580 m, 15 Mar 1993, M. Cavero B. 314 ex Bennett 6563. Holotype: MOL, lost; Isotype: USM, lost, [MOL-spirit, here designated as Lectotype] (Fig. 27).

The type specimen was not found at MOL (not in the Bennett collection) nor at USM. An extant isotype in spirit found in the Bennett’s spirit collection (now at MOL) is here designated as lectotype.

Lockhartia tuberculata D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Brittonia 46: 241. 1994.

TYPE: Peru, Junin, Chanchamayo, headwaters of Rio Toro near Puente San Felix, 29 Feb 1992, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 5403. Holotype: USM, lost; [Isotypes: NY, here designated  as Lectotype; Isolectotype:  MOL- spirit].

The holotype was not found at any Peruvian herbarium  However,  two specimens  of Bennett 5403 (isotypes) were found at different herbaria; a herbarium specimen at NY and a specimen in spirit in the Bennett collection at MOL.   In absence of the holotype, a lectotype is designated here (ICN. Art. 9.2). The most complete  isotype  specimen  deposited  at NY is here designated as lectotype (ICN. Art. 9.12).

Lycaste diastasia D.E.Benn. & Oakeley, Brittonia 46: 243. 1994.

TYPE:  Peru,  Huanuco,  Leoncio  Prado,  along  road to Monzon, 10 Jul 1987, E. Jara P. ex Bennett 3797. Holotype: USM, lost. PArATyPe: Peru, San Martin, San Martin, along road to Lamas, 12 Jul 1989, R. Villena ex D. Bennett 4548 Paratype: USM, lost [see below]. Lectotype here designated: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado, uncertain  locality,  750-950,  23 June 1990, E. Jara sn, D. Bennett 3797 (MOL).

Basionym of: Sudamerlycaste diastasia (D.E.Benn. & Oakeley) Archila, Revista Guatemal. 5: 79. 2002.

The holotype was not found in any Peruvian herbarium. Two herbarium specimens of Bennett 3797 (same collection number that the holotype) were found in the Bennett collection at MOL. They were prepared: February  20, 1987  and June  23, 1990,  respectively. However  neither  of  the  dates  of  preparation  agrees with the date given in the protologue.

A herbarium specimen of Bennett 4548 (same collection number that the paratype) prepared on July 13,  1996  was  also  found  in  the  same  collection  at MOL; but the date of preparation also disagrees with the date given in the protologue.

As no cited specimens exist, the lectotype is chosen from among uncited specimens (ICN. Art. 9.12). The specimen  here chosen  as lectotype  is the herbarium specimen of Bennett 3797 prepared on Jun 23, 1990; that agrees with the species description.

Lycaste jarae D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Orchid Digest 60: 14. 1996.

TYPE:  Peru,  Huanuco,  Leoncio  Prado,  6 km SE of Tingo  Maria,  1100  m, 28 Aug.  1993,  E. Jara P. ex Bennett 6433. Holotype: USM, lost; Isotype: NY, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado, National Park La Bella Durmiente, 1000 m, 4 Sept 1993, E. Jara s.n. ex D. Bennett 6433 (NY).

Synonym of: Sudamerlycaste peruviana (Rolfe) Archila, proposed by Archila, Revista Guatemal. 6: 4 2003.

The holotype was not found at USM. Three specimens of Bennett 6433 were found in the Bennett collection at MOL: two in spirit and one pressed prepared  on October  13, 1994.  The locality  data of the herbarium specimen agrees with that given in the protologue, but not the date of preparation.

An additional herbarium specimen of Bennett 6433 prepared on September 4, 1993 was found at NY. This specimen  was  designated  as  the  holotype;  however the date of preparation and locality disagrees with that given in the protologue.

In absence of the holotype, a lectotype is designated here  among  the  original  material  found  at  NY and MOL (ICN. Art. 9.12).The  specimen  here chosen as lectotype is the pressed specimen conserved at NY.

Macroclinium aurorae Dodson, Icon. Pl. Trop., II, 1: t. 97. 1989.

TYPE: Peru, Junin, Satipo, along road to Huancayo, 750  m,  Bennett  3479.  Holotype:  MO,  not  found; [Isotype: MOL-spirit, here designated as Lectotype] (Fig. 28).

The  holotype  was  not  found  at  MO. An  extant isotype,  a  whole  plant  is  preserved  in  spirit  found in the Bennett collection  at MOL, is here chosen as lectotype.

Macroclinium christensonii D.E. Benn., Brittonia 46: 249. 1994.

TYPE: Peru, Junin: Chanchamayo, Gran Playa Centro, 4 Aug 1991, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 5160: Holotype: NY!; [Isotype: MOL-spirit].

Macroclinium  villenarum  D.E.Benn.,  Lindleyana  7: 80. 1992.

TYPE: Peru, Department of San Martin, Prov. of Moyobamba: below the city along the Mayo River in low trees, 820 m, 15 Mayo 1990, R. and M. Villena sub Bennett 4978. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 29).

The whole plant is preserved in spirit.

Masdevallia  mijahuangae  D.E.  Benn.,  Publ.  Mus. Hist. Nat. Univ. Nacion. Mayor San Marcos, Bot. 37: 1. 1993.

TYPE: Peru, Junín, Prov. Tarma, heights above Huasahuasi, ca. 3000 m. 3 Aug. 1992, F. Mijahuanga s.n.  ex  Bennett   5678.  Holotype:   USM,  lost  [See below].  Lectotype here designated:   Peru,  Junin, Prov. Tarma, 3000 m. 12 Aug. 1992, F. Mijahuanga s.n. ex Bennett 5678 (MOL).

Synonym of: Masdevallia cyclotega Königer, proposed by Luer in Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 87: 815. 2002.

The   holotype   was   not   found   at   USM.   Two specimens of Bennett 5678 are in the Bennett collection at MOL: one pressed and one in spirit. The herbarium specimen  consists  of a whole  plant  (with  a flower) prepared on August 12, 1992, but this date disagrees with  that  given  in the protologue.  The  specimen  in spirit consists  of a dissected  flower that agrees with the illustration of the original publication, but the label does not indicate its date of preparation.

Both  specimens  at  MOL  represent  the  original material    of   Masdevallia    mijahuangae;    however neither of them has an annotation that indicates it is the holotype. Therefore, as there is not a clear holotype, a lectotype is designated here from among the specimens that comprise  the original  material  (ICN. Art. 9.12); the specimen chosen is the most complete herbarium specimen.

Masdevallia  oxapampaensis  D.E. Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 684. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, Yanachaga–Chemillen [Llanachaga-Chemellin, in error], Rio Alberto sector, 1900-2000  m, 1 Feb 1995, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 6979. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 30).

Bennett  6979 in spirit was found  in the Bennett Collection  at MOL;  however,  a pressed  preparation was  not  located.    The  spirit  specimen,  a  dissected flower that agrees with the illustration of the original publication is the holotype.

Maxillaria  aurorae  D.E.Benn.  &  Christenson, Brittonia 47: 189. 1995.

TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado, Brunas, 1000 m, J. Guerra  ex Bennett  5668.  Holotype:  NY,  lost; [Isotype: MOL-spirit, here designated as Lectotype] (Fig. 31).

The holotype was not found at NY (T. Zanoni, pers. comm.). An extant isotype in spirit found in Bennett’s collection at  MOL  is  here  designated  as  lectotype (ICN. Art. 9.12).

A herbarium  specimen  of Bennett 5668-1 without locality data prepared on September 10, 1993 was also found in Bennett’s collection at MOL. This specimen was cited as the illustration voucher of Maxillaria aurorae in the original publication (Fig. 5 on page 190).

Maxillaria azulensis D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 687. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru,  Huanuco,   Leoncio  Prado,  Cordillera Azul, 1400 m, E. Jara P. ex Bennett 5368. Holotype: originally  deposited  at Herb.  Bennettianum,  now  at MOL.

The specimen was prepared on December 14, 1991. There is not locality data on the label of the specimen.

Maxillaria  bennettii  Christenson,  Brittonia  47: 189. 1995.

TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Carpish Pass, 31 Oct 1986 [1 Nov 1986,  in error],  Bennett  et al. 3657.  Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL, part in spirit.

The label indicates that the specimen was collected on October 31, 1986.

Maxillaria   bocazensis   D.E.Benn.   &   Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 689. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa,  District of Villarica, Cerro Bocaz, 1100 m, Nov 1994, J. Campoverde  ex Bennett 6858. Holotype: Herb. Bennettianum [now at MOL], lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, District of Villarica, 2000 m, 5 Dec 1994, J. Campoverde sn. (LAM-1102). Lectotype: MOL.

The type collection was not found in the Bennett collection at MOL. However, two specimens of a Maxillaria species collected by J. Campoverde labeled as “LAM-1102”  were found: one pressed and one in spirit.

The Table Records of the illustrated Bennett’s specimens  indicates that the plate or Lamina “1102” was made based on the specimen Bennett 6858. Both specimens labeled as “LAM-1102” agrees with the description  of  Maxillaria  bocazensis.  The  specimen in spirit is a dissected flower that agrees with the illustration of the original publication. The illustration was prepared on December 3, 1994, probably on this date the specimen in spirit was prepared. The pressed specimen was prepared on December 5, 1994, but this date disagrees with that given in the protologue.

Both specimens of “LAM 1102” represent the original material; however neither of them has an annotation that indicates it is the holotype. In absence of the Holotype, a lectotype is designated here (ICN. Art. 9.2). The specimen chosen as lectotype is the most complete (pressed) specimen.

Maxillaria  burtonii  D.E.Benn.  & Christenson,  Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 691. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Villarica, 5 kms S of Alto Ñaguza, 1950 m, Jan 1993, J. Campoverde  ex Bennett  6049. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 32).

Bennett  6049 in spirit was found  in the Bennett collection  at  MOL;  however,  a pressed preparation was  not  located.  The  spirit  specimen,  a  dissected flower that agrees with the illustration of the original publication, represents the holotype.

Maxillaria caveroi D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 64. 1998.

TYPE:  Peru,  Amazonas,  Condorcanqui,  Meseta  de Cerro  Machinaz,  2100  m, Aug  1994,  M. Cavero  B. et  al.  1639.  Holotype:  NY!;  Isotypes:  according  to the protologue  at USM, now deposited  at MOL(x2), MOL-spirit.

The isotypes were deposited at MOL by Bennett in 2001 and were never at USM, the herbarium specimens were between newspaper sheets with the collection number written on them.

Maxillaria christensonii D.E.Benn., Brittonia 50: 187. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa,  14 km W of Puerto Bermudez on rd. to Cerro San Matias, 1200 m, 27 Sep 1992, leg. O. del Castillo, in Bennett 5754. Holotype: NY, lost Lectotype here designated: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, Pto. Bermudez 14 km west, on Cerro San Matias, 1200 m.  11 Jul 1994, leg. O. del Castillo, in Bennett 5754 (MOL).

The holotype was not found at NY (T. Zanoni, pers. comm.).  The extant  original  material  in the Bennett collection  at  MOL  is  here  designated  as  lectotype (ICN. Art. 9.12). However its date of preparation disagrees with that given in the protologue.

Maxillaria edwardsii D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 68. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Junin, Chanchamayo,  exact locality not given, leg. O. del Castillo, Mar 1995, cultivated by E. Edwards, Bennett 7050. Holotype: according to the protologue  at USM,  now  deposited  at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 33).

Synonym  of:  Maxillaria  argyrophylla  Poepp.  & Endl. proposed  by M.A. Blanco in Selbyana  31: 54. 2013.

Bennett  7050 in spirit was found  in the Bennett collection  at MOL;  however,   a pressed  preparation was not located in any Peruvian herbarium. The spirit specimen, a dissected flower that agrees with the illustration of the original publication, represents s the holotype.

Maxillaria foetida  D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Richardiana 9(2): 54-55. 2009.

TYPE: Peru, Cuzco, La Convención, District of Echarate, Cumpirusiato river basin, Shell Corporation helipad # 23, 1245m, Oct 1998, M. Cavero ex Bennett 7847. Holotype: MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 34).

Basionym of: Inti foetida (D. Bennett & Christenson) M.A. Blanco. Selbyana 31: 53. 2013.

Bennett  7847 in spirit was found  in the Bennett collection  at MOL.  However,  a pressed  preparation was  not  located  in  any  Peruvian   herbarium.   The flowers  in spirit  agree  with  the  species  description; therefore the specimen represents the holotype.

Bennett & Christenson; in the protologue of Maxillaria foetida, stated: “We illustrated this species for  Peru  earlier  as  M.  chartacifolia  (Icon.  Orchid. Peruv. pl. 97. 1993)”;  and they published  again that cited illustration.  However,  they did not indicate the voucher for the illustration.

In the publication of Maxillaria chartacifolia Ames & C. Schweinf. in the Icon. Orchid. Peruv. pl. 97. 1993, the illustration voucher is Bennett 4130; however, this specimen is not cited among the specimens examined. For examined  specimens;  Bennett  4064 is cited, but this specimen represent a different species (flowers in spirit were located in the Bennett collection at MOL). A herbarium specimen of Bennett 4130 was found at MOL and agrees with the illustration.

Maxillaria frechettei D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 694. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Huanuco, below Carpish Pass on the drier side of the pass, 2400 m, 2 Nov 1986, D. Bennett, A. Bennett & M. Arias 3678 [3876, in error]. Holotype: Herb. Bennettianum [now at MOL] lost. Lectotype here designated:  Peru,  without  locality data  [probably  same  as  in  the  protologue]  Bennett 3678 (MOL-spirit; Fig. 35).

The  protologue   indicates   that  the  holotype   is Bennett et al. 3876; however the illustration voucher is given as Bennett 3678. Two specimens  of Bennett 3678  are  in the  Bennett  collection  at MOL:  one  in spirit and one pressed; both agree with the description of the species. Therefore the original type citation in the protologue is erroneous and is corrected here. The specimen in spirit consists of a dissected flower that agrees with the illustration of the original publication.  The  herbarium  specimen  consists  of  a whole plant (with flowers) but does not have collection data on the label. There is no annotation that indicates that both preparations  represent a single sample; nor which one is the holotype.  Therefore,  as there is no a clear holotype, a lectotype is designated  here from among   the   specimens   that   comprise   the   original material  (ICN.  Art.  9.12);  the  specimen  chosen  is the specimen in spirit that was probably used for the species illustration (ICN. 9A.2).

Maxillaria garayi D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Brittonia 47: 192. 1995.

TYPE:  Peru,  Pasco:  Puerto  Bermudez,  250  m,  21 Aug 1992, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 5235. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 36).

Bennett  5235 in spirit was found  in the Bennett collection  at  MOL;  however,  a  pressed  preparation was not located in any Peruvian herbarium. The spirit specimen, a dissected flower that agrees with the illustration  of the original publication,  represents  the holotype.

Maxillaria   geckophora   D.E.Benn.   &  Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 695. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru,  Junin,  Chanchamayo,   Sector  Eneñas, 1350  m  along  the  Pichis  trail,  O.  del  Castillo  ex Bennett 6475. Holotype: Herb. Bennettianum [now at MOL], lost [see below]. Lectotype here designated: Peru, without  locality  data [probably  same as in the protologue] Bennett 6475 (MOL-spirit; Fig. 37).

The original material found in the Bennett collection at MOL consists of two specimens  of Bennett 6475: one in spirit and one pressed. The specimen in spirit is a dissected flower that agrees with the illustration of the original publication. The illustration was prepared on July 27, 1994; probably on this date the specimen in spirit was prepared. The herbarium  specimen  was prepared on July 28, 1994. However neither of them has an annotation that indicates it is the holotype. Therefore, a lectotype is designated here from among the specimens that comprise the original material (ICN. Art.  9.12);  the  specimen  chosen  is the  specimen  in spirit that was probably used for the species illustration (ICN. 9A.2).

Maxillaria gigantea subsp. condorensis D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 68. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Amazonas, Condorcanqui, Cordillera del Condor,  Meseta  de Machinaza,  2200  m, Aug  1994, M. Cavero B. et al. 1649. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL, [synTyPes, see below]. Lectotype here designated: without collection data [probably same as in the protologue], M. Cavero B. et al. 1649 ( MOL; Isolectotype: MOL [x2], MOL-spirit).

Type specimens were deposited at MOL by Bennett seven years later (in 2001) and were never at USM.

Four specimens of M. Cavero 1649 were found in the Bennett collection at MOL: one in spirit and three pressed. The pressed specimens were in separate folders, un-mounted and lacking labels; but with collection number. None of the specimens has an annotation that indicates that it is the holotype (or isotype). Therefore the four specimens found in the Bennett collection represent syntypes (ICN. Art. 40 Note 1). As there is not a clear holotype, the lectotype is designated here (ICN. Art. 9.2). The specimen here chosen as lectotype is the most complete pressed specimen.

Maxillaria granditenuis D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 71. 1998.

TYPE:  Peru,  Pasco,  Oxapampa,  Dist.  of  Villarica, Canal de Piedra, 1830 m, leg. O. del Castillo, 24 Aug 1994, Bennett  6750. Holotype:  NY, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, Dist. of Villarica, Canal de Piedra, 1830 m, 3 Sept 1994, O. del Castillo in Bennett 6750 (MOL, part in spirit).

The holotype was not found at NY (T. Zanoni, pers. comm.).  The extant  original  material  in the Bennett Collection  at  MOL  is  here  designated  as  lectotype (ICN. Art. 9.12). However its date of preparation disagrees with that given in the protologue.

Maxillaria hirsutilabia D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Brittonia 47: 192. 1995.

TYPE: Peru, Junin, Jauja, District of Monobamba, Sector Cedrulla, 2300 m, 6 Aug 1993, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 6324. Holotype:  NY, lost; Isotype: USM, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, Junin, Jauja, above of Monobamba, Cedrulla, 2300 m, 8 Sep 1993, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 6324 (MOL; Isolectotype: MOL-in spirit).

No type specimen  was found at NY (T. Zanoni, pers. comm.)  neither  at USM. The original  material found  in the Bennett  collection  at MOL consists  of two  preparations  of  Bennett  6324:  one  pressed  and one in spirit. The pressed preparation consists of two plants (with flowers) mounted on a single sheet. This preparation and the illustration were prepared on September 8,1993; which disagrees with the date given in the protologue. The preparation in spirit (a dissected flower) agrees with the illustration of the original publication; therefore this specimen was also prepared on the same date as the pressed one. However, as there is no annotation  that indicates  that they  represent  a single specimen, they are treated as duplicates (ICN. Art. 8.3).

In absence of the holotype, a lectotype is designated here from among the specimens that comprise the original   material   (ICN.  Art.  9.12).  The  specimen chosen here is the most complete (pressed) specimen.

Maxillaria  huanucoensis  D.E.Benn.  & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 696. 2001.

TYPE:   Peru,   Huanuco,   Quebrada   Diez   Canseco, 2550 m, 31 Oct 1986, D. Bennett, A. Bennett  & M. Arias  3708.  Holotype:  originally  deposited  at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 38).

Bennett  3708 in spirit was found  in the Bennett collection  at MOL;  however,  as pressed  preparation was not located in any Peruvian herbarium. The specimen in spirit, a dissected flower that agrees with the illustration  of the original publication,  represents the holotype.

Maxillaria leucopurpurea  D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Phytotaxa 1: 31. 2009.

TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado, Cueva de Las Pavas, 1000 m, 19 Jan 1988, leg. E. Jara P., D. Bennett 4247. Holotype:  MOL, lost [see below].  Lectotype here designated:   Peru,  Huanuco,   Leoncio   Prado, above Tingo Maria, 950 m, 28 Jan 1988, E. Jara sn, D. Bennett 4247 (MOL; Isolectotype: MOL-spirit).

The   original   material   found   in   the   Bennett collection at MOL consists of two preparations of Bennett 4247: one pressed and one in spirit. The herbarium  specimen  consists  of a whole plant (with flowers); this preparation and the illustration were prepared on January 28, 1988; which disagrees  with the date given in the protologue.  The preparation  in spirit, consisting of two dissected flowers, agrees with the illustration  of the original  publication;  therefore this specimen was also prepared on the same date as the pressed  one. However  as there is not annotation that indicates that both preparation represent a single specimen,  they are duplicates  (ICN. Art. 8.3). Also, none of the specimens has an annotation that indicates it is the holotype.

In absence of the holotype, a lectotype is designated here from among the specimens that comprise the original   material   (ICN.  Art.  9.12).  The  specimen chosen here is the most complete (pressed) specimen.

Maxillaria liliputana D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Brittonia 47: 195. 1995.

TYPE:  Peru,  Pasco,  Oxampampa.  District  of Villarica, Canal de Piedra, 1800 m, 29 Aug 1993, J. E. Campoverde ex Bennett 6401. Holotype: NY, lost; Isotype:   USM,  lost.  Lectotype here designated: Peru, without exact locality [probably same as in the protologue], Bennett 6401-1 (MOL-spirit; Fig. 39).

Type specimens were not found at NY (T. Zanoni, pers. comm.) or at USM. Two specimens  of Bennett 6401 with different suffix numbers are in the Bennett collection  at MOL:   Bennett  6401-1  in spirit  and a pressed  specimen   of  Bennett  6401-2  prepared   on August  31,  1993  (without  locality  data).  The  Table Records  of the illustrated  Bennett’s  specimens indicates that the illustration  of Maxillaria  liliputana was based on Bennett 6401-1 (LAM-911).  However, neither Bennett 6401-1 nor Bennett 6401-2 is cited in the type designation of the protologue.

As not cited specimens exist, the lectotype is chosen from among uncited specimens (ICN. Art. 9.12). The specimen chosen here as lectotype is Bennett 6401-1 in spirit that agrees with the illustration of the original publication (ICN. 9A.2).

Maxillaria machinazensis  D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 71. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Amazonas,  Meseta de Cerro Machinaz, 2100 m, August 1994, M. Cavero B. et al. 1642. Holotype: NY!; Isotypes: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL (x3), MOL-spirit.

Basionym of: Ornithidium machinazense (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) M.A.Blanco & Ojeda, Lankesteriana 7: 532. 2007.

The isotypes were deposited at MOL by Bennett on 2001 and were never at USM. The pressed specimens were between newspaper sheets with the collection number written on the sheets.

Maxillaria microiridifolia  D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 699. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru,  Puno,  Sandia,  Candamo  river  valley, 550 m, 15 Sept 1998, [flowered in cultivation 3 Sept 1999], M. Cavero B. ex Bennett 7823-2 [Bennett 7823, in error]. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum,  now  at MOL,  part  in spirit;  Isotype: NY, lost.

Basionym of: Heterotaxis microiridifolia (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) Ojeda & Carnevali, Novon 15: 580. 2005.

In  the  Bennett’s   collection   at  MOL  there  are two specimens  of Bennett 7823 with different  suffix numbers  and  different  dates  of preparation:  Bennett 7823-2  prepared  on September  3, 1999 and Bennett 7823-1 on September 21, 1999. Bennett designated those specimens as holotype and isotype respectively (handwritten annotation). However, Bennett 7823-1 is not a duplicate (isotype) of the holotype because they were not made as a single gathering (ICN. Art. 8.2).

Maxillaria   minutiflora   D.E.Benn.   &  Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 700. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, 8.5 km below Villarica toward Paucartambo, 1550, 15 Nov 1987 [prepared on 23 Feb 1988], Bennett et al. 4151. Holotype: originally deposited  at Herb. Bennettianum,  now at MOL, part in spirit.

Basionym  of:  Ornithidium  minutiflorum (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) M.A.Blanco & Ojeda, Lankesteriana 7: 533. 2007.

The living specimen was collected on November 15, 1987 and bloomed  during  January  to March  (as indicated in the protologue). The herbarium specimen was prepared on February 23, 1988.

Maxillaria  purpureolabia  D.E.Benn.  & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 702. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru, Piura, Ayabaca,  between Yanchala  and Olleros, 1300 m, 28 Nov 1992, J. Campoverde ex Bennett 5948. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 40).

Basionym of: Ornithidium purpureolabium (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) Senghas, Schlechter Orchideen 1/C(44-45): 2776. 2001.

Bennett  5948 in spirit was found  in the Bennett collection  at  MOL;  however,  a  pressed  preparation was not located in any Peruvian herbarium. The spirit specimen,  consisting  of  two  dissected  flowers  that agree with the illustration of the original publication is the holotype.

Maxillaria  pyhalae  D.E.Benn.  & Christenson,  Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 703. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Huancavelica, Tayacaja, Llactapata, 2600 m, 14 Feb 1999, M. León M. et al. 2975. Holotype: originally  deposited  at Herb.  Bennettianum,  now  at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 41); Isotype: MOL.

The field work report of M. León et al. indicates that specimens of M. León et al. 2975 were collected on February  14, 1999. The collection  consisted  of a living plant and pressed and spirit preparations.

The original material of Maxillaria pyhalae located in the Bennett collection at MOL comprises three specimens: two in spirit and one pressed. One of the specimens in spirit consists of four intact flowers; and the other is a dissected flower. The pressed specimen and the dissected  flower in spirit (that is part of the pressed material) were prepared by Bennett (from the living specimen collected by M. León et al.) on March 5, 1999. Bennett assigned these two preparations  his collection number: Bennett 7873.

The specimens prepared by Bennett disagree with the date of preparation  given in the protologue,  nor was any designated as holotype. But the specimen in spirit, comprising  four flowers that was prepared  by M. León et al. agrees with the date indicated in the type designation of the protologue, is the holotype.

An  additional  pressed  specimen  of  M.  León  et al. 2975 was deposited  by the collector  at MOL;  it is a mounted specimen lacking a label. Although this specimen was not used by Bennett for the species description; it is the pressed specimen prepared by M. León et al. on February 14, 1999. Therefore  it is an isotype.

Maxillaria scandens D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 707. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru,  Cusco,  Urubamba,  Historic  Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, M. León & B. Collantes 4027. Holotype:   CUZ?;   Isotype:   originally   deposited   at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL.

Basionym of: Ornithidium scandens (D.E.Benn. & Christenson)  M.A.Blanco  & Ojeda, Lankesteriana  7: 533 2007.

Bennett assigned the number: “Bennett 7969”, to the (isotype) specimen of M. León & B. Collantes 4027 that he kept in his personal collection.

Maxillaria  trigona subsp. amaroensis  D.E.Benn.  & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 708. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Huancavelica, Tayacaja, Amaro, 2400 m, 15 Feb 1999, M. León et al. 2999. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 42).

Basionym of: Sauvetrea trigona subsp. Amaroensis (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) M.A.Blanco, Lankesteriana 7: 535. 2007.

The field work report of M. León et al. indicates that specimens of M. León et al. 2999 were collected on February 15, 1999. The collection consisted of specimens: in spirit and living plant(s).

The original material of Maxillaria trigona subsp. amaroensis located in the Bennett collection at MOL consists of: two pressed specimens and two specimens in spirit.  One specimen in spirit seems to be prepared by Bennett  because  the label bears  his handwriting. The other specimen in spirit has the label of M. León; therefore was prepared by him on the same date cited on the protologue; therefore this is the holotype.

The pressed specimens  were prepared  by Bennett (from the living specimen collected by M. León et al.) on different dates: March 12, 1999 and April 6, 1999, respectively. He gave to these his number: Bennett 7877.

Maxillaria trilobulata D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Brittonia 47: 197. 1995.

TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Huanuco, along old road below Carpish, 2300 m, 10 Oct 1986, D. Bennett & A. Bennett 3737. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 43).

Bennett  3737 in spirit was found  in the Bennett collection  at  MOL;  however,  a  pressed  preparation was not located in any Peruvian herbarium. The specimen in spirit, a dissected flower that agrees with the illustration  of the original publication,  represents the holotype.

Maxillaria  tuerosii  D.E.Benn.  & Christenson,  Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 709. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Huancavelica, Tayacaja, Inquilpata, 2700 m, 16 Feb 1999 [15 Feb 1999, in error] [prepared on 20 Feb 1999], M. León M. et al. 3013 [ex Bennett 7874]. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL, part in spirit.

The field work report of M. León et al. indicates that they only collected a living specimen of León et al. 3013 on February 16, 1999 (not February 15, 1999 as was cited in the protologue).   Based on this living material  David  Bennett  prepared  the  type  specimen on February 20, 1999, and assigned to it his number: Bennett 7874. The specimen, consisting of a pressed preparation with a flower in spirit (the flower in spirit carries a label with the numbers León and Bennett), represents the holotype.

Maxillaria   valleculata   D.E.Benn.   &   Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 711. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, district of Huancabamba,  2010 m, Dec 1995, O. del Castillo ex Bennett  7423.  Holotype:  Herb.  Bennettianum,  lost? [see below]. Lectotype here designated: without locality data [probably same as in the protologue] 12 Dec  1995,  Bennett  7423  (LAM  1243)  (MOL-spirit; Fig. 44).

When  Bennett  &  Christenson  (2001)  published this  Maxillaria,  they  designated  as  the  holotype  O. del Castillo ex Bennett 7423 prepared on “Dec 1995” and  deposited  at  Herb.  Bennettianum.  However,  in the Herb. Bennettianum  –now at MOL- I have found two pressed specimens  of O. del Castillo ex Bennett 7423 prepared on “Dec 1995” but on different days. One was prepared on December 13, 1995 and the other on December  14, 1995, therefore  they represent  two different gatherings. Both specimens agree with the species  description;  however  neither  is annotated  as the holotype.

A specimen  in spirit comprising  of three flowers (one dissected) labeled as “LAM 1243” was found in the  Bennett  collection  at  MOL.  The  Table  Records of the  illustrated  Bennett’s  specimens  indicates  that the  plate  or Lamina  number  “1243”  corresponds  to the specimen  Bennett  7423 (Maxillaria  valleculata). The flowers agree with the illustration of the original publication. The illustration was prepared on December 12, 1995; probably the specimen in spirit was prepared on that date.

As there is not a clear holotype; the specimen in spirit  used  for  the  species  illustration  is  designated here as the Lectotype (ICN. Art. 9.12, 9A.2).

Mesadenella  variegata  D.E.  Benn.  &  Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 713. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Piura, Ayabaca,  along mule trail above Yanchala to Laguna Prieta, 3000 m, 8 Nov 1992, D.E.Bennett  & J. Campoverde  5838. Holotype originally  deposited  at Herb.  Bennettianum,  now  at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 45).

Three specimens  of Bennett  5838; that represent different species, were found in the Bennett collection at MOL; one in spirit and two pressed. The specimen in spirit, consisting  of a dissected  flower that agrees with the illustration  of the original description  is the holotype of Mesadenella variegata.

The two pressed specimens were prepared on different dates. One was prepared on March 16, 1993, but has no locality data on the label and has lost the flowers. The remaining part of the specimen that still is preserved more and less agrees with the illustration; but the size of the leaves and the scape disagrees with the description (they are much shorter). It was not possible to identify  the specimen;  however  it belongs  to the subtribe Spiranthinae. The other pressed specimen was prepared on November 15, 1992 and is Cyclopogon sp.

Mormolyca aurorae D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 74. 1998.

TYPE:   Peru,   Junin,   Chanchamayo,   Nueva   Italia, 1890 m, leg O. del Castillo,  17 Dec 1993, flowered in cultivation Apr 1994, Bennett 6532. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 46).

Bennett  6532 in spirit was found  in the Bennett collection  at  MOL;  however,  a  pressed  preparation was not located in any Peruvian herbarium. The specimen in spirit, a dissected flower that agrees with the illustration  of the original publication,  represents the holotype.

Neodryas acuminata D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 718. 2001.

TYPE:   Peru,   Huancavelica,   Tayacaja,   Llactapata, 2500-2600 m, 14 Feb 1999, M. León M. et al. 2966. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL [synTyPes, see below] Lectotype here designated: Peru, Huancavelica, Tayacaja, Llactapata, 2500-2600  m, 14 Feb 1999, M. León M. et al. 2966 (MOL-spirit   (Fig.  47);  Isolectotype:   MOL,  MOL- spirit).

The field work report of M. León et al. indicates that specimens of M. León et al. 2966 were collected on  February  14,  1999.  The  collection  consisted  of living plant(s) and pressed and spirit preparations. The living specimen was wrongly labeled as “MLM-2967” by M. León.

The   original   material   of  Neodryas   acuminate located in the Bennett collection at MOL is comprises one pressed specimen and two specimens in spirit. The pressed specimen  was prepared by Bennett from the living specimen collected by M. León et al. on March 3, 1999.  He  gave  it his  collection  number:  Bennett 7872. The date of preparation of this pressed specimen disagrees with the date given in the protologue. One specimen  in  spirit  consists  of  a  whole  plant  and an inflorescence; and the other specimen in spirit consists  of six intact flowers. Both specimens  were prepared by M. León (the collection  number on the labels bear his handwriting). Therefore the collection or preparation  date of the specimen agrees with the date cited in the type designation  of the protologue. However,  none of the specimens  has an annotation that indicates it is the holotype. Therefore both specimens  in spirit are syntypes (ICN. Art. 40 Note 1). The specimen here chosen as lectotype is the most complete specimen in spirit.

An additional pressed specimen of M. León 2966 was deposited by the collector to MOL; it was a mounted  specimen  without  a label. Although  it was not used by Bennett for the species’ description;  this is the pressed specimen prepared by M. León et al. on February 14, 1999. Therefore it is a duplicated of the lectotype.

Neodryas llanachagaensis D.E. Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 720. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, Yanachaga–Chemillen [Llanachaga-Chemellin,    in   error]   National   Cloud Forest Reserve,  Rio Alberto Sector, 1800-2100  m, 1 Feb 1995, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 6977. Holotype: originally  deposited  at Herb.  Bennettianum,  now  at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 48).

Bennett  6977 in spirit was found  in the Bennett collection  at  MOL;  however,  a  pressed  preparation was  not  located  in  any  Peruvian   herbarium.   The spirit specimen, comprising of some flowers (three dissected)  agrees with the illustration  of the original publication and is the holotype.

Neokoehleria  delcastilloi  D.E.Benn.  & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 519. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Junin, Chanchamayo, Gran Playa Centro, farm of Sr. Nestor Montes, 2 Aug 1991, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 5162. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL [see below].

Synonym of: Comparettia oliverosii (Königer) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams, Orchid Rev. 118 (1291, Suppl.): 61. 2010.

A pressed specimen of Bennett 5162 (determined as Neokoehleria  equitans)  was found in the Bennett collection at MOL; however the collection data on the label (“Junin, Chanchamayo, near Yurinaki at 1680 m, 9 August 1991, E. Jara s.n. ex Bennett 5162”) disagree with  that  given  in the  protologue.  The  collector  on the label could be erroneous; because E. Jara only collected  orchids  in the Departments  of Huanuco  or Ucayali, but not Junin. Further study is necessary to check identity of the Bennett 5162 found at MOL.

Neokoehleria   papillosa   D.E.Benn.   &  Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 520. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Junin, Chanchamayo, Gran Playa Centro, farm of Sr. Nestor Montes, 1680 m, 2 Aug 1991, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 5163. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, without exact locality [probably same as in the protologue], 23 Aug 1991, Bennett 5163 (MOL).

Basionym of: Comparettia papillosa (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams, Lindleyana 21: 29. 2008.

The holotype  was not found at USM. A pressed specimen  of  Bennett  5163  prepared  on August  23, 1991  was  found  in the  Bennett  collection  at MOL; however  its  date  of  preparation  disagrees  with  that given in the protologue. The specimen consists of an incomplete inflorescence.  The label of the specimen provides color features of the flower (which agree with the original description), indicating that it was drawn; but lacks locality data.

In absence  of the holotype,  the extant  specimen found at MOL is here designated  as lectotype  (ICN. Art. 9.12).

Notylia  punoensis  D.E. Benn.  & Christenson,  Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 722. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru,  Puno,  Sandia,  Yanamayo,  1200  m, 22 Nov 1995, M. León & B. Collantes   674. Holotype: Herb. Bennettianum  [now at MOL], lost [see below]. Lectotype here designated: Peru, without exact locality [probably same as in the protologue], M. León & B. Collantes 674 (MOL-spirit; Fig. 49).

Marco León et al. collected a living specimen of M. León & B. Collantes 674 and gave it to Bennett for cultivation.  The specimen  flowered in December  (as indicated in the protologue)  and then two specimens were  prepared  by  Bennett:  one  in  spirit  and  one pressed. The specimen in spirit consists of five flowers (two dissected) that agree with the illustration  of the original publication. The illustration was prepared on December 9, 1996; probably on the date that specimen in spirit was prepared. The pressed specimen was prepared  on December  14, 1996; this specimen  was also labeled with the number: Bennett 7714. However it has not an annotation that indicates it is the holotype. Therefore, as there is not a clear holotype, a lectotype is designated here from among the specimens that comprise  the original  material  (ICN. Art. 9.2, 9.12); the specimen chosen is the specimen in spirit that was probably used for the species illustration (ICN. 9A.2).

Odontoglossum contaypacchaense D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 726. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Junin, Tarma, District   Contaypaccha, Quebrada Seca, 1890 m, 22 Apr 1992, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 5557. Holotype: Herb. Bennettianum [now at MOL], lost [see below]. Lectotype here designated: Peru, Junin, Tarma, District Contaypaccha, 1900 m, 21 Dec 1992, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 5557 (MOL).

Basionym of: Oncidium contaypacchaense (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams, Lindleyana 21: 24. 2008.

The living plant of O. del Castillo ex Bennett 5557 was collected on April 22, 1992 and flowered during November to December (as indicated in the protologue) and then two specimens were prepared: one pressed and one in spirit. The pressed specimen was prepared on December 21, 1992 with a label that indicates that the illustration of the species was prepared on December 20,  1992;  but  without  indicating  if  the  preparation in spirit is part of the same specimen. The specimen in spirit  consists  of six flowers (two  dissected)  that agree with the illustration of the original publication; thus  this  specimen  was  prepared  on  December  20, 1992.  Neither  of  the  specimens  has  an  annotation that  indicates  it is the holotype.  Therefore,  as there is not a clear holotype, a lectotype is designated here from among the specimens that comprise the original material (ICN. Art. 9.2, 9.12); the specimen chosen is the pressed specimen.

Odontoglossum llanachagaense D.E. Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 729. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru, Pasco,  Oxapampa,  Sector  Rio Alberto, Yanachaga-Chemillen  [Llanachaga-Chemellin,  in error] 1900-2100  m, 1 Feb 1995, O. del Castillo  ex Bennett 6978. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 50).

Basionym OF: Oncidium llanachagaense (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams, Lindleyana 21(3): 25. 2008.

Bennett  6978 in spirit was found  in the Bennett collection  at  MOL;  however,  a  pressed  preparation was not located. The specimen in spirit which consists of two  flowers  (one  dissected)  that  agrees  with  the illustration of the original publication is the holotype.

Odontoglossum machupicchuense D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 730. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Cusco, Urubamba, Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, 13 Sep 2000, M. León  & B. Collantes 4034. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 51).

Basionym of: Oncidium machupicchuense (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams, Lindleyana 21: 25. 2008.

M. León & B. Collantes 4034 in spirit was found in the Bennett collection at MOL; however, a pressed preparation was not located in any Peruvian herbarium. The specimen in spirit, comprising three flowers (one dissected) that agree with the illustration of the original publication is the holotype.

Odontoglossum pseudomelanthes D.E. Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 733. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru, Amazonas, Condorcanqui, Meseta de Machinaza, 2200 m, M. Cavero B. et al. 1616. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL [synTyPes, see below]. Lectotype here designated: Peru, without collection data [but same as the cited in the protologue], M. Cavero B. et al. 1616 (MOL; Isolectotype: MOL [x3], MOL-spirit).

Synonym  of: Cyrtochilum  melanthes  (Rchb.f.  & Warsz.) Kraenzl., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 98. 1917.

Five specimens of M. Cavero et al. 1616 were found in the Bennett collection at MOL: one in spirit and four pressed. The pressed specimens were in separate folders, un-mounted  and  without  labels;  only  an  annotation with  the  collection  number.  None  of  the  specimens has an annotation that indicates that it is the holotype. Therefore the five specimens found in the Bennett collection represent syntypes (ICN. Art. 40 Note 1). In absence of the holotype, a lectotype is designated here (ICN. Art. 9.2). The specimen here chosen as lectotype is the most complete pressed specimen.

Odontoglossum rubrocallosum D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 734. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, exact locality not recorded,   [prepared   on  27  May   1996],   Hort.   E. Edwards, J. Campoverde  ex Bennett 7524. Holotype: originally  deposited  at Herb.  Bennettianum,  now  at MOL.

Basionym of: Oncidium rubrocallosum (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams, Lindleyana 21: 26. 2008.

The specimen  and the illustration  of the species were prepared on May 27, 1996.

Oncidium aurorae D.E. Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 76. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Piura, Ayabaca, leg. V. Vizquerra, Bennett 3547.  Holotype: MO?, [Isotype: MOL].

An  isotype  of  Oncidium  aurorae  was  found  in the Bennett collection at MOL. The specimen was prepared on November 9, 1985.

Oncidium ayabacanum D.E. Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 78. 1998.

TYPE:  Peru,  Piura,  Ayabaca,   along  mule  trail  to Laguna Prieta Negra, 3200 m, 10 nov 1992, flowered in cultivation 3 Nov 1994 [1993, in error], D. Bennett et al. 5910. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 52).

The protologue  cites that the date of preparation of the holotype was on November  3, 1993; however it is erroneous. The correct date is November 3, 1994; which is also the same date when the specimen  was illustrated.

Two specimens of Bennett 5910 are in the Bennett collection at MOL: one in spirit and one pressed. The specimen in spirit consists of a dissected flower that agrees with the illustration of the original publication. The date of preparation is not indicated on the label of this specimen; however, this was probably prepared on same date of the illustration. Therefore, the specimen in spirit is the holotype. The pressed specimen consists of a sterile  sample  prepared  on November  4, 1994. This date of preparation does not agree with the date given in the protologue.

Oncidium  bennettii  Christenson,  Brittonia  47:  200. 1995.

TYPE:  Peru,  Cuzco,  Quillabamba,  Inca  Tambo,  ca. 3000 m, 24 Jun 1990, C. Inchaustegui [J. Perez C, in error] ex Bennett 4641. Holotype: NY, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, without locality data [probably same as in the protologue], Bennett 4641 (MOL-spirit; Fig. 53).

The holotype was not found at NY (T. Zanoni, pers. comm.). The original material  of Oncidium  bennettii found  in the Bennett  collection  at MOL consists  of two  specimens  of  Bennett  4641:  one  pressed  and one in spirit. The pressed specimen consists of an incomplete inflorescence prepared on March 25, 1992; this date disagrees with that given in the protologue. The specimen in spirit consists of three flowers (two dissected) that agree with the illustration of the original publication.  The illustration  was prepared  on March 12, 1992; probably the date that the specimen in spirit was prepared. In absence of the holotype, the lectotype is designated here from among the specimens that comprise  the original  material  (ICN. Art. 9.12). The specimen  chosen  is the  specimen  in spirit  that  was probably used for the species illustration (ICN. 9A.2).

The data written on the label of the pressed specimen indicates that Bennett 4641 was originally collected by Carlos Inchaustegui and not by J. Perez C. as was cited in the protologue. Therefore the original type citation in the protologue is erroneous and is corrected here.

Oncidium  exasperatoides  D.E.Benn.  & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 735. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru,  Pasco,  above Yaupi  along  the  road  to Paucartambo,  2000 m, 26 Feb 1989,  D. Bennett,  A. Bennett & G. Bennett 4517. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL.

Oncidium miradorense D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 80. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado, below Mirador, 1550 m, 6 Jun 1989 [prepared on 19 June 1989], leg. E. Jara P., Bennett 4539. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL.

Basionym  of: Cyrtochilum miradorense (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) Dalström, Lindleyana 17: 91. 2002. nom. inval. [Without basionym reference], [see below: Validation of New Combinations].

The specimen was prepared on June 19, 1989 and agrees with the illustration of the original publication.

Oncidium pastorellii Dodson & D.E.Benn., Icon. Pl. Trop., II, 2: t. 137. 1989.

TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Huanuco, Carpish Pass along  road  to  Tingo  Maria,  2800  m,  6  Nov  1986, Bennett  3522.  Holotype:  MO, lost. Lectotype here designated:   Peru,  Huanuco,  Huanuco, along  road below Carpish, 2800 m, 18 Nov 1985 D. Bennett et al. 3522-2 (MO).

Synonym of: Cyrtochilum cordatum (Lindl.) Kraenzl, proposed by Dalström (2001).

Three pressed specimens of Bennett 3522 with different suffixes and dates of preparation were found at two  herbaria  (MO  and  MOL).  Two  specimens  of Bennett  3522-1 prepared  on November  18, 1985 and on November 6, 1986 (respectively) are in the Bennett collection  at MOL (the latest preparation  date agrees with that cited in the protologue). One specimen of Bennett 3522-2 prepared on November 18, 1985 is at MO. The specimen at MO is designated as the holotype; however its date of preparation disagrees with that given in the protologue. The collection number with suffix of none of the specimens (at MO and MOL) was cited in the protologue; although apparently the authors used all these specimens for describing the species.

In absence of the holotype, a lectotype is designated here. The specimen chosen is the most complete specimen conserved at MO (ICN. 9A.3).

Ornithocephalus  aurorae D.E.Benn.  & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 80. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Cuzco, Quillabamba, District of Quirimbiri,  Comunidad  San Pantuari, 909 m, leg. O. del Castillo,  28 Sep  1995,  Bennett  7245.  Holotype: NY, lost; Isotype: USM, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, Cusco, Quillabamba, District of Quirimbiri,  Comunidad  Nativa Pantuari,  909 m, leg. O. del Castillo, 28 Sep 1995, Bennett 7245-2. (MOL; Isolectotype: MOL-spirit).

The type specimens were not found at NY (T. Zanoni, pers. comm.) or at USM. The original material of Ornithocephalus aurorae found in the Bennett collection  at  MOL  consists  of  two  preparation  of Bennett  7245-2:  one  pressed  and  one  in spirit.  The Table Records of the illustrated  Bennett’s  specimens indicates   that  the  illustration   of  the  species   was prepared based on the specimen Bennett 7245-2.

Both  preparations  were  made  on  September  28 1995 (date that agrees with the protologue); however, as  there  is  not  an  annotation   that  indicates   that they are part of a single sample;  they represent  two different specimens (ICN. Art. 8.3). In absence of the holotype, a lectotype is designated  here from among the  specimens  that  comprise  the  original  material (ICN. Art. 9.12). The specimen here chosen is the most completed (pressed) specimen.

Ornithocephalus  caveroi  D.E.Benn.  &  Christenson Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 737. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Puno, Carabaya, district of Coasa, Candamo valley, 500 m, 15 Sept 1998, M. Cavero B. ex Bennett 7838. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 54).

The whole plant is preserved in alcohol.

Fernandezia pastorelliae D. Trujillo. sp. nov.

Similar to Fernandezia  gracillima (C. Schweinf.) M.W. Chase but differs in having the trilobed lip and the floral tube formed by the connate sepals

TYPE:  Peru, Junin, Satipo,  Monobamba,  2200 m, 2 May 1996, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 7501. Holotype: MOL.

Pachyphyllum  aurorae D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 546. 1998. nom. inval. [no  holotype  designated].  type: Peru,  Junin, Chanchamayo,  2700 m, 12 Apr 1996, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 7501. NY, USM.

Pachyphyllum  aurorae D.E.Benn. & Christenson, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2: 287. 2008. nom. inval. [lectotype  was  designated  erroneously  rather than  holotype].   type:   Peru,  Chanchamayo, 2700 m, 12 Apr 1996, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 7501. Lectotype: MOL; Isolectotype: NY.

Fernandezia  aurorae  (D.E.Benn.  & Christenson) M.W.Chase,   Phytotaxa   20:  29.  2011.  nom. inval. [basionym not valid]

Pachyphyllum   aurorae  was  invalidly  published by Bennett & Christenson (1998) (contrary to St. Luis Code Art. 37.6 ICBN, Greuter et al. 2000; Melbourne Code Art. 40.7 ICN, McNeill  et al. 2012); although two specimens of Bennett 7501 were indicated, neither was designated as holotype. Christenson (2008) attempted  to correct this by designating  a lectotype; however the name was not validated. The Vienna Code Art. 37.6 ICBN (McNeill et al. 2006) and Melbourne Code Art. 40.6 ICN, (McNeill  et al. 2012) specified that an attempted validation of this type require the use of the term “type” or “holotype (or their equivalents) (see also ICN Art 40.6 Ex. 5). Later this Pachyphyllum was transfered to the genus Fernandezia by Chase (in Chase & Whitten 2011). But the new combination made by Chase was not valid because the basionym had not yet been validly published (ICN. Art. 41.5). Because the taxon was not validly described before, I validate it here, under the genus Fernandezia as was proposed by Chase (in Chase & Whitten 2011) and using the epithet “pastorelliae” in honour of Aurora Pastorelli (to whom was originally dedicated the taxon).

Additional to the specimen Bennett 7501; designated here as holotype of Fernandezia pastorelliae, there are other two specimens  of Bennett 7501 in the Bennett collection  at  MOL;  one  in  spirit  and  one  pressed. Those specimens do not have a collection date or an annotation that indicates that they are duplicates of the specimen here designated as holotype; therefore they are not isotypes.

Pachyphyllum  ecallosum  D.E.Benn.  & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 738. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Dept. Huancavelica, Tayacaja, Dist. Huachocolpa,   Capcasorqo,   3400  m,  15  Jun  1999 [date of preparation  21 Jul 1999], M. León M. 3067. Holotype: MOL, part in spirit (x2).

Basionym of: Fernandezia ecallosa (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) M.W.Chase, Phytotaxa 20: 30. 2011.

The field work report of M. León et al. indicates that (only) a living specimen of M. León et al. 3067 was collected on 14-16 June 1999.

Three preparations of M. León 3067 were found in the Bennett collection at MOL: two in spirit and one pressed prepared on July 21, 1999. These specimens were prepared  from the living plant collected  by M. León  et  al. An  annotation  in  the  pressed  specimen indicates  that there is a plant with flowers in spirit. Therefore those specimens in spirit are not duplicates; if not part of the holotype.

The correct elevation data is cited in the protologue; which is the same that indicated in the field report of M. León et al. On the label of the pressed specimen (MOL), David Bennett wrote a different elevation: “2800-3200 m”; this is erroneous.

Ponthieva collantesii D.E. Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 556. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Cusco, Urubamba, Santuario Historico de Machupicchu,  Camino Inca toward Phuyupatamarca, 3000  m, 11 May  1998,  B. Collantes  M. ex Bennett 7821. Holotype: USM, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, Cusco, Cusco, Camino Inca toward Phuyupatamarca, 3000 m, 2 Jul 1998, B. Collantes M. ex Bennett 7821 (MOL).

The holotype was not found at any Peruvian herbarium. However, two specimens of Bennett 7821 found in the Bennett collection at MOL were prepared on different dates and mounted on a single sheet. One specimen  consists  of a dissected  flower prepared  on May 21, 1998, the other is a whole plant with flowers prepared  on  July  2  1998.  The  dates  of  preparation of both specimens disagree with that given in the protologue; however they represent original material. In absence of the holotype, a lectotype is designated here (ICN. Art. 9.2). The specimen chosen as lectotype is  the  most  complete  pressed  specimen   from  the original material (ICN. Art. 9.12).

There is an additional specimen of B. Collantes sn. (Ponthieva  collantesii)  at USM; however,  this is not part of the original material because it was prepared on April 1999 (after the species publication).

Prosthechea  hajekii D.E.Benn. & Christenson,  Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 750. 2001.

TYPE:   Peru,   Junin,   Chanchamayo,   up   the   steep canyon  oriented  NW of the road  8 kms  before  San Ramon,  1800 m, 11 Nov 1998 [prepared  on 1 Sept 1999], C Hajek & F. Hajek ex Bennett 7938. Holotype: originally  deposited  at Herb.  Bennettianum,  now  at MOL, part in spirit.

The  specimens  were  prepared  on  September  1, 1999.  David Bennett wrote on the label of the pressed preparation: “sp.nov” and “LAM-1394”.

Rodriguezia delcastilloi D.E. Benn. & Christenson, Brittonia 46: 42. 1994.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, District of Puerto Bermudez,  Cuidad de Constitucion,  along road between  Pt. Bermudez  and Pucalpa,  250 m, 10 Nov 1991, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 5382. Holotype: NY!; [Isotype: MOL-spirit].

Rodriguezia satipoana Dodson & D.E.Benn., Icon. Pl. Trop., II, 2: t. 165. 1989.

TYPE:  Peru,  Junin,  Satipo,  800  m,  16  Oct  1985, Bennett 3542. Holotype: MO, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, Junin, (Jauja?), several  kms above Satipo towards  Huancayo  700 to 800 mts, 17 Oct 1985, D. Bennett & A. Bennett 3542 (MOL).

Three pressed specimens of Bennett 3542 with different dates of preparation were found at three herbaria:   MO,  NY  and  in  the  Bennett  collection at MOL; and apparently the authors used all these specimens  for describing  the species.  The specimen at  MO  is  assigned  as  holotype;  but  has  a different locality data and date of preparation that given in the protologue.  The  specimen  at MOL  is also  assigned as  holotype  (Bennett’s  handwritten  annotation)  but has a different  locality  data and date of preparation that given in the protologue  The specimen  at NY is assigned  as  isotype;  but  the  locality  data  disagrees with that given  in the protologue.  As there is not a clear  holotype,  a lectotype  is designated  here (ICN. Art. 9.2). The specimen chosen as lectotype is the specimen conserved at MOL that has the annotation of David Bennett (ICN. 9A.3).

It   seems   that   the   specimens   were   collected from different localities (populations). This idea is supported by the locality data written on the labels of the specimens at MO and NY.

Rusbyella suarezii D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 753. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Huancavelica, Huachocolpa, 2900 m, 10 June 1999, R. Suarez & G. Alegria ex Bennett 7910. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 55).

R. Suarez & G. Alegria ex Bennett 7910 in spirit was found in the Bennett collection at MOL; however, as pressed preparation was not located in any Peruvian herbarium. The spirit specimen, consisting of two flowers (one dissected) that agree with the illustration of the original publication is the holotype.

Scelochilus  campoverdei  D.E.Benn.  & Christenson, Brittonia 46: 256. 1994.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, District Villarica, Cumbre de Bocaz, 13 Mar 1993, [prepared on 18 May 1993], J. E. Campoverde  ex Bennett 6151. Holotype: NY!, [Isotype: MOL-spirit].

Basionym  of:  Comparettia  campoverdei (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams, Lindleyana 21: 29. 2008.

The specimen was prepared on May 18, 1993.

Scelochilus crucicornibus Senghas, D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Brittonia 50: 183. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa,  Pozuzo,  1200 m, J. del Castillo  ex D. Bennett  7718-3.  [7718.,  in error]: Holotype:  according  to the protologue  at USM, now deposited at MOL; Isotype: NY, lost.

Basionym   of:   Comparettia   crucicorniba (Senghas,  D.E.Benn.  & Christenson)  M.W.Chase  & N.H.Williams, Lindleyana 21: 29. 2008.

The  specimen  has no locality  data  on the label, only the date of preparation (January 19, 1997) and an annotation of David Bennett that indicates that it is the holotype.

Scelochilus   delcastilloi   D.E.Benn.   &  Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 567. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Junin, San Ramon, 9 km south of town on the west side of Rio Tulumayo, 1800 m, 15 May 1992, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 5639. Holotype: according to the protologue  at USM, now deposited  at MOL[- spirit]  (Fig.  56).  PArATyPe: Peru,  Pasco,  Oxapampa, Villarica, Rio Sal, 1982 m, Aug 1993, J. Campoverde ex Bennett 6415. Paratype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL[-spirit].

Basionym of: Comparettia delcastilloi (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams, Lindleyana 21: 29. 2008.

O. del Castillo ex Bennett 5639 in spirit was found in the Bennett collection at MOL; however, a pressed preparation was not located in any Peruvian herbarium. The specimen  in spirit, consisting  of three dissected flowers that agree with the illustration of the original publication is the holotype.

An additional pressed specimen of Scelochilus (delcastilloi),  prepared  on September  21, 1992,  was found in the Bennett collection at MOL); but with two collection numbers: Bennett 5639-1 & Bennett 5639-2.

Sobralia altissima D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Orchids 68: 1112. 1999.

TYPE: Peru, Huancavelica, Tajacaya, Huachocolpa district,  Inquilpata,  13 Feb  1999  [18 Feb,  in error], 2800-2900 m, M. León M et al. 2960 [2962, in error]. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL; Isotype: MOL, [USM].

The protologue cites “MLM-2962” as the type specimen  of Sobralia  altissima.  However,  the report of  M.  León  indicates   “MLM-2962”   as  Lepanthes sp. (MOL!) and “MLM-2960” as Sobralia sp.. Additionally,   the  field  notes  (flowers  features)   of “MLM-2960” agree with Sobralia altissima; therefore the original type citation in the protologue is erroneous and is corrected here. The report of M. León et al. also indicates  that  they  prepared  both  pressed  and  spirit specimens of MLM-2960 (Sobralia altissima).

One pressed specimen of M. León 2960 found un- mounted and without a label in the Bennett collection, but with the collection number, is the holotype. Two duplicate  specimens  of M. León M et al. 2960 (isotypes)  were  deposited  by the collectors  at MOL and USM. The specimen at MOL is mounted without a label. The specimen at USM is mounted with a label; the collection  data of this specimen  agree  with that given in the protologue.

Five additional  specimens  of Sobrallia  altissima were found in the Bennett collection at MOL: one in spirit and four pressed. These specimens  are labeled as: “M. León  & B. Collantes  sn, ex Bennett  7867”. The pressed specimens have different dates of preparation: February 20, 1999, February 26, 1999 and February 27, 1999 (x2). All disagree with that given in the protologue. The specimen in spirit has the label with  the handwriting  of David  Bennett,  but lacks  a preparation date. These additional specimens are part of the original material.

Sobralia hirta D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 762. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru,  Pasco,  Oxapampa,  ca.  14  km  NW  of Oxapampa city, near the Hacienda San Isidro, 1885 m, 6 Apr 1992, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 5546. Holotype: Herb. Bennettianum [now at MOL], lost [See below]. Lectotype here designated:  Peru,  without  locality data [probably same as in the protologue], O. del Castillo ex Bennett 5546 (MOL-spirit; Fig. 57).

The holotype was not found at MOL. The original material of Sobralia hirta found in the Bennett collection at MOL comprises of two specimens of Bennett  5546;  one  pressed  and  one  in  spirit.  The pressed specimen is sterile and was prepared on April 8,  1992;  but  this  date  disagrees  with  that  given  in the protologue.  The specimen  in spirit consists  of a dissected flower and has no date of preparation.  The dissected flower agrees with the illustration of the original publication. The illustration was prepared on April 7, 1992, and probably on this date the specimen in spirit was prepared.

In absence of the holotype, a lectotype is designated here (ICN. Art. 9.2). The specimen chosen as lectotype is the specimen in spirit (ICN. 9A.2).

Sobralia  ruparupaensis   D.E.Benn.  &  Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 763. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado, District Rupa Rupa, near Jacintillo along road to Monzon, ca. 700-750 m [750  m, in error],  24 Mar  1987,  J. Schunke V.  14237.  Holotype:  according  to  the  protologue  at USM, now deposited at MOL [synTyPes, see below]. Lectotype here designated: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado, District Rupa Rupa, near Jacintillo along road to Monzon, ca. 700-750 m, 24 Mar 1987, J. Schunke V. 14237 (MOL; Isolectotype: MOL [x26]).

Type specimens were deposited at MOL by David Bennett on 2001 and were never at USM.

Twenty seven pressed specimens of J. Schunke V. 14237 were found in the Bennett collection at MOL. None of the specimens  is annotated  as the holotype. Therefore the 27 specimens found in the Bennett collection represent syntypes (ICN. Art. 40 Note 1). In absence of the holotype, a lectotype is designated here (ICN. Art. 9.2). The specimen here chosen as lectotype is the most complete pressed specimen.

Sobralia withneri D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 764. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru,  Ucayali, Aguaytia,  1 km south  on the Aguaytia  river  from  the  road  between  Pucalpa  and Tingo Maria, 300 m, 30 Dec 1992, O. del Castillo ex Bennett 6007. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 58).

O. del Castillo ex Bennett 6007 in spirit was found in the Bennett collection at MOL; however, a pressed preparation was not located. The spirit specimen is a dissected flower that agrees with the illustration of the original publication and is the holotype.

Bennett  wrote  on the label  of the specimen:  “=5970” (see Fig. S58); this annotation indicates that the specimen Bennett 5970 correspond to the same species of Bennett 6007.

Sphyrastylis garayi D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 83. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa,  Dist. Huancabamba, sector San Danieli, 2000 m, leg. O. Del Castillo, flowered by E. Edwards, 5 Aug 1995; Bennett 7218. Holotype:  according  to the protologue  at USM, now deposited at MOL, [Isotype: MOL-spirit].

Basionym of: Ornithocephalus  garayi (D.E.Benn. & Christenson)  Toscano  & Dressler,  Lindleyana  15: 255 2000.

The preparation in spirit of Bennett 7218 is an isotype (duplicate) because there is not an annotation on the label of the pressed specimen that indicates that the preparation in spirit is part of the same specimen (ICN. Art. 8.3).

Stellilabium  peruvianum  D.E.Benn.  & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 86. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Junin, Chanchamayo,  Arcopunco,  2000 m, leg. O. del Castillo,  4 June 1992,  Bennett  5608. Holotype: NY, lost; [Isotype: MOL-spirit, designated here as Lectotype] (Fig. 59).

Basionym  of: Telipogon  selbyanus  N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5: 171. 2005.

The  holotype  was  not  found  at NY (T.  Zanoni, pers. comm.).  The  extant  isotype  (in  spirit)  found in the Bennett collection  at MOL, consisting  of two intact and one dissected flowers, is here designated as lectotype (ICN. Art. 9.12).

Stellilabium     pseudobulbosum       D.E.Benn.       & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 88. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillen  [Chemillin, in error] near Quebrada  Tunqui,  1800  m,  leg.  M.  Cavero  B.,  7 Apr 1994, Bennett 6618. Holotype: according to the protologue  at  NY,  now  deposited  at  MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 60).

Basionym  of:  Telipogon  pseudobulbosus (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) N.H.Williams & Dressler, Lankesteriana 5: 171. 2005.

The holotype was deposited at MOL by David Bennett  on  2001  and  never  at  NY.  The  holotype consists  of  a whole  plant  preserved  in  alcohol  (the specimen  agrees  with the illustration  of the original publication).

Stenia aurorae D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 91. 1998.

TYPE:  Peru,  Junin,  Tarma,  between  Carapata  and Huasahuasi, 2200 m, leg. O. del Castillo, 2 Aug 1994, Bennett 6640. Holotype: USM, Lost; Isotype: NY, lost. Lectotype here designated:  Peru,  without  locality data  [probably  same  as  in  the  protologue],  Bennett 6640 (MOL-spirit; Fig. 61).

The holotype was not found in any Peruvian herbarium.   A  pressed   specimen   of  Bennett   6640 -annotated as Isotype- was found at NY; however the date  of  preparation  (September  7,  1994)  disagrees with that given in the protologue. A specimen in spirit of Bennett 6640 was found in the Bennett collection at  MOL;  the  specimen  has  a  Bennett’s  annotation that indicates: “Stenia sp. nov” but has no date of preparation.  The  specimen  in  spirit  is  a  dissected flower that agrees with the illustration of the original publication.  The illustration  was prepared on August 18, 1994; probably on the date the specimen in spirit was prepared. In absence of the holotype, a lectotype is designated here (ICN. Art. 9.2). The specimen chosen as lectotype is the specimen in spirit conserved at MOL (ICN. 9A.2, 9A.3).

Stenia  christensonii  D.E.  Benn.,  Brittonia  50:  189. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, Puerto Bermudez, Sector Milagros along Pichis River, coll. 10 Nov 1991, 280 m, leg. O. del Castillo, Bennett 5387. Holotype: NY, lost; Isotype: USM, lost. PArATyPe: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa,  Villarica,  Canal  de Piedra,  1830 m, leg. O. del Castillo, flowered in cultivation by E. Edwards, 11 Sep 1994, Bennett 6745. Paratype: USM, lost. Lectotype here designated:  Peru,  without  locality data  [probably  same  as  in  the  protologue],  Bennett 5387 (MOL-spirit; Fig. 62).

The cited isotype (Bennett 5387) was not found at USM. At NY, there are two pressed specimens (only pressed flowers) of Stenia christensonii with different numbers:  Bennett  5387  prepared  on  September  24, 1992   (NY-1477197)   and   Bennett   6387   prepared on October 11, 1994 (NY-39386). The latter was designated as holotype (probably by Bennett); however the collection number and date of preparation disagree with that given in the protologue,  and therefore  this cannot be the holotype.

A specimen  of  Bennett  5387  in  spirit  is  in  the Bennett collection at MOL; the specimen consists of a dissected flower that agrees with the illustration of the original publication. The illustration was prepared on September 1, 1994; probably on this date the specimen in  spirit  was  prepared.  In  absence  of  the  holotype, a lectotype is designated here (ICN. Art. 9.2). The specimen chosen as lectotype is the specimen in spirit conserved at MOL (ICN. 9A.2).

Bennett 6745, the paratype of S. christensonii was not found at USM. However, Bennett 6745-2 -a clone of the paratype- was found in the Bennett collection at  MOL;  it  was  prepared  on  September  13,  1994. This  specimen  does  not have  locality  data;  only  an annotation that indicates that it is a “Plant of Edwards”.

Stenia jarae D.E.Benn., Lindleyana 7: 80. 1992.

TYPE:  Peru,  Department  of  Huanuco,  Province  of Leoncio Prado, Bella, Cueva de Las Lechuzas, 900 m., [29 Dec 1990], E Jara sub Bennett 4711-3. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL. PArATyPes: Peru, Huanuco, Leoncio Prado, near Las Palmas, 1000 m, 20 Dec 1989. E. Jara sub Bennett 4711-1 Paratype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL[-spirit]. Peru, [same collection data  as  E.  Jara  sub  Bennett 4711-1],  E.  Jara  sub Bennett 4711-2. Paratype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL? [see below].

E Jara sub Bennett 4711-3 found in the Bennett collection at MOL has an annotation of  Bennett that indicates  that  it is the  holotype.  The  specimen  was prepared on December 29, 1990.

Bennett 4711-2  (paratype?),  in the Bennett collection at MOL, was collected at: 900 m of elevation, in “las alturas de Cayumba” (Leoncio Prado) and was prepared  on October  10, 1990.  On the label  of this specimen David Bennett wrote: “sp. nov”.

Stenia  lillianae  Jenny ex D.E.Benn.  & Christenson, Brittonia 46: 46. 1994.

TYPE:  Peru,  Dept.  San  Martin,  Moyobamba, Pacaysapa,  1100 m, 4 Oct 1992, B. Collantes  ex D. Bennett 5684. Holotype: NY!. PArATyPe: Peru, Dept. San Martin, Moyobamba,  exact locality not given, 3 Sept 1992, R. Villena ex D. Bennett 5713 (according to the protologue  at USM, now deposited  at MOL[- spirit]).

Three specimens of Bennett 5684 with two different suffixes were found in the Bennett collection at MOL: Bennett 5684-1 in spirit and two pressed specimens of Bennett 5684-2 prepared on different dates: April 21, 1993 and April  14, 1994.  Bennett  5684-2  was cited as the illustration  voucher in the original publication (Fig. 14, page 47). Bennett 5713 in spirit; the paratype of S. lillianae, was found at MOL; however, a pressed preparation it was not found in any Peruvian herbarium

Stenia luerorum D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 91. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, Chontabamba, 1600 m, leg. O. del Castillo,  Jan 1994,  flowered in cultivation 17 Apr 1994, Bennett 6534. Holotype: NY, lost; Isotypes: USM, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, without  locality  data [probably  same as in the protologue], Bennett 6534 (MOL-spirit; Fig. 63).

The  holotype  was  not  found  at NY (T.  Zanoni, pers. comm.)  nor  the  isotype  at  USM.  However, Bennett   6534  in  spirit,   consisting   of  a  dissected flower that agrees with the illustration of the original publication,  was  found  in  the  Bennett  collection  at MOL. The illustration  was prepared  on October  12, 1994; probably on the date when the specimen in spirit was prepared. As there is no holotype, a lectotype is designated here (ICN. Art. 9.2). The specimen chosen as lectotype is the specimen in spirit conserved at MOL (ICN. 9A.2).

Stenia pastorellii D.E.Benn., Lindleyana 7: 83. 1992.

TYPE:  Peru,  Department  of  San  Martin,  Province of Moyobamba,  near Jepelacio, 950 m, 20 Dec 1989 [prepared  on  25  Feb  1991],  R.  Villena  sub  Bennett 4879. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL.

The  specimen  has no locality  data  on the label, only the date of preparation (February 25, 1991) and an annotation that indicates that it is the holotype.

Stenia pustulosa D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Brittonia 46: 48. 1994.

TYPE: Peru, Tarma, southeast of Contayapaccha, Quebrada Seca 1890 m, 22 April 1992, O. del Castillo ex  D.  Bennett  5552.  Holotype:  NY  lost;  [Isotype: MOL-spirit, here designated as Lectotype] (Fig. 64). PArATyPes: Peru, Same date and locality as holotype, O. del Castillo ex D. Bennett 5553. Paratype:  USM, lost. Peru, Dept. Junin, Prov. Jauja, above Monobamba, Sector Cedrulla, 2300 m, O. del Castillo ex D. Bennett 6311  [Bennett  6311-8  annotated  on the label  of the specimen]. Paratype: NY!.

The  holotype  was  not  found  at NY (T.  Zanoni, pers. comm.). The extant isotype (in spirit) found in the Bennett collection  at MOL is here designated  as lectotype (ICN. Art. 9.12). The specimen is a dissected flower that agrees with the illustration of the original publication.

Bennett 5553 (paratype) was not found in any Peruvian herbarium. However, Bennett 5553-3 in spirit was found in the Bennett collection at MOL.

Bennett 6311; which was designated as a paratype in the protologue, was not found at NY. However, Bennett  6311-8  (a  clone)  was  found  at  NY  where it is designated as paratype and was prepared on September  27, 1993. Two specimens  of the Bennett 6311-4 (another clone of the paratype) in the Bennett collection at MOL were prepared on October 18, 1994 and November 27, 1995, respectively. However, they are not part of the original material because they were prepared after the species description.

Stenia wendiae D.E. Benn. & Christenson,  Brittonia 46: 51. 1994.

TYPE:   Peru,   Dept.   Junin,   Chanchamayo,   sector Chipes  of  the  San  Vicente  mine,  1800  m,  10  Dec 1992,  O. del Castillo  ex D.Bennett  5968.  Holotype: NY,  lost.  PArATyPe:  Same  locality  as  the  holotype, O. del Castillo ex D. Bennett 5967. Paratype:  USM, lost,  [MOL-spirit,  wrong  determination;  see below]. Lectotype here designated:  Peru,  without  locality data  [probably  same  as  in  the  protologue],  Bennett 5968-2 (MOL-spirit; Fig. 65).

The holotype was not found at NY (T. Zanoni, pers. comm.). However, Bennett 5968-2 in spirit (a clone of the holotype), consisting of a dissected flower that agrees with the illustration of the original publication, was found in the Bennett collection  at MOL. It was cited as the illustration voucher in the protologue (Fig 17, page 52); but not designated as the type.

Bennett 5967 in spirit found in the Bennett collection at MOL was originally  published  as Stenia jarae by Bennnett & Christenson in 1993 (Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 189); and it is clearly this species. However, a year later the same authors erroneously cited Bennett 5967 as a paratype of S. wendiae. Therefore, this specimen can not be considered a paratype of S. wendiae. Because holotype is lost and as the specimen designated as  “paratype”   does  not  represent  S.  wendiae;  the specimen here chosen as lectotype is Bennett 5968-2; that was cited as the illustration voucher in the original publication (ICN. 9A.2).

Stigmatorthos peruviana M.W.Chase & D.E.Benn., Lindleyana 8: 7. 1993.

TYPE:  Peru,  Pasco,  Oxapampa,  Aguachini,  26  km S.SE  of Puerto  Bermudez,  above  Rio Azupizu,  700 m, 20 Oct 1990, O. del Castillo sub D. Bennett 4748. Holotype: SEL, lost. [Isotype: MOL-spirit here designated as Lectotype] (Fig. 66).

The  holotype  was  not  found  at  SEL  (B.  Holst, pers. comm.).The  extant  isotype  (in spirit)  found  in the Bennett collection at MOL, consisting of flowers (some dissected) that agree with the illustration of the original  publication,  is here  designated  as lectotype (ICN. Art. 9.12).

Telipogon alegriae D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 779. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Huancavelica, Tayacaja, Huachocolpa district, 3400 m, 25 Jun 1999, M. León M. et al. 3024, as  Bennett  7934.  Holotype:  originally  deposited  at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL, [synTyPes, see below]. Lectotype here designated: Peru, without locality  [but  same  as  the  original  publication],  M. León M. et al. 3024 (MOL-spirit, Fig. 67; Isolectotype: MOL).

Two specimens  of M. León  M et al. 3024  were found in the Bennett collection at MOL: one pressed and one in spirit. Both specimens consist of a complete plant with flower.  The pressed specimen was kept by Bennett unmounted and without label. Neither of the specimens  has an annotation  that indicates  that it is the holotype or that they constitute a single specimen. Therefore both specimens found in the Bennett collection represent syntypes (ICN. Art. 40 Note 1).

As there is no holotype, a lectotype is designated here  (ICN. Art.  9.2).  The  specimen  chosen  here  as lectotype  is the specimen  in spirit that has a flower dissected.

Telipogon antonietae D.E.Benn. & Ric.Fernández, Publ.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Univ.  Nacion.   Mayor   San Marcos, Bot. 36: 2. 1992.

TYPE: Peru, Junin, Satipo, along the road to Huancayo above Satipo, 2500 m, 31 June 1987, D. Bennett, Jr., A. de Bennett, G.G. Bennett B. & A. Vargas P. 3905. Holotype:  according  to the protologue  at USM, now deposited at MOL-spirit (Fig. 68).

Bennett et al. 3905 in spirit was found in the Bennett collection  at  MOL;  however,  a  pressed  preparation was not located in any Peruvian herbarium. The spirit specimen,  consisting  of four flowers (two dissected) that agree with the description and illustration of the original publication is the holotype.

Telipogon  ariasii  Dodson  &  D.E.Benn.,   Icon.  Pl. Trop., II, 2: t. 184. 1989.

TYPE:  Peru,  Junin,  Tarma,  Huasahuasi,  2800  m,  7 Jun 1986,  Bennett  3613.  Holotype:  MO,  not found. Lectotype here designated: Peru, Junin, Tarma, Huasahuasi, 2850 m, 29 Aug 1987, Bennett 3613 (MOL).

The holotype was not found at MO. Two pressed specimens  of  Bennett  3613  were  found  at  NY  and MOL,  but  their  dates  of  preparation  disagree  with that given in the protologue. The specimen at NY was prepared on June 9, 1986 and the specimen at MOL on August 29, 1987. As there is no holotype, a lectotype is designated here (ICN. Art. 9.2). The specimen here chosen  as lectotype  is the  most  complete  specimen conserved at MOL.

Telipogon atropurpurea D.E.Benn. & Ric.Fernández, Publ.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Univ.  Nacion.   Mayor   San Marcos, Bot. 36: 9. 1992.

TYPE: Peru, Piura, Huancabamba, near Laguna Huaringas, 3000 m, collector J. Campoverde, plant loaned by I. Rolando, 2 Sept 1989, [7 Sept 1989, in error], Bennett 4562. Holotype: according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL.

The  specimen  was  prepared  and  illustrated  on September 2, 1989.

Telipogon   auriculatus   D.E.Benn.   &   Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 780. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Junin, Chanchamayo, San Ramon district, La Promisora, ca. 1600 m, 19 Apr 1996 [prepared on 6 May 1996], O. del Castillo [Isabel Espinoza G, in error] ex Bennett 7496. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL; [Isotype: MOL- spirit.]

Two preparations  of Bennett 7496 were found in the Bennett collection  at MOL: one pressed and the other in spirit. Bennett wrote on the label of the pressed specimen: “sp. nov” but did not indicate that the flower in spirit was part of the same specimen. Therefore the specimen in spirit is an isotype (ICN. Art. 8.3).

The data written on the label indicates that the specimen was collected by O. del Castillo and not by Isabel Espinoza F. and was prepared on May 6, 1996. Therefore the original type citation in the protologue is erroneous and here is corrected.

Telipogon campoverdei  D.E.Benn. & Ric.Fernández, Publ.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Univ.  Nacion.   Mayor   San Marcos, Bot. 36: 6. 1992.

TYPE: Peru, Piura, Huancabamba, near Laguna Huaringas, 3000 m, 6 September 1989, cultivated by I. Rolando, collector J. Campoverde sn. in Bennett 4561. Holotype:  according  to the protologue  at USM, now deposited at MOL.

Telipogon collantesii D.E. Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 782. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Huancavelica, Tayacaja, Huachocolpa district,  Pureqyaco,  3000  m, 15 Jun 1999,  M. León et al. 3068.  Holotype:  originally  deposited  at Herb. Bennettianum,  now  at MOL [synTyPes, see below]; Isotype: NY [not here],  Lectotype here designated: Peru, Huancavelica, Tayacaja, Huachocolpa district, Pureqyacu, 3000 m, coll. on 15 Jun 1999, prepared on 28 Jun 1999, M. León et al. 3068 (MOL-spirit,  Fig. S69; Isolectotype: MOL).

The report of M. León et al. indicates  that only living specimens of M. León et al. 3068 were collected (on June 14-16, 1999). But the specimens (as well the illustration) were prepared on June 28, 1999. Therefore Bennett neglected to cite in the protologue  when the specimens were prepared.

Two  preparations  of  M.  León  3068  are  in  the Bennett  collection   at  MOL:  one  pressed  and  the other  in  spirit.  However,  neither  has  an  annotation that indicates that it is the holotype, or that they constitute a single specimen (as required by ICN. Art. 8.3). Therefore  both specimens  found in the Bennett collection  represent  syntypes  (ICN. Art. 40 Note 1). As there is no holotype, a lectotype is designated here (ICN. Art. 9.2). The specimen here chosen as lectotype is the most complete specimen (in spirit).

The correct  locality  and elevation  data are cited in the protologue;  which are the same that indicates the field report of M. León et al.. On the label of the pressed specimen (MOL) Bennett wrote different locality and elevation data: “Huachocolpa.  Inquilpata and 2800 m”, these are erroneous.

Bennett wrote on the label of the spirit specimen:”=3072” (see Fig. 69); this annotation indicates that the specimen M. León 3072 is the same species as M. León 3068.

Telipogon davidsonii D.E. Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 783. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Piura, Huancabamba, 2-3 km from the road at Cruz Blanca, 3150 m, 22 Sept 1993, J. Campoverde ex Bennett 6443. Holotype: NY, lost. Lectotype here designated: Peru, Piura, Huancabamba, 15 km NE of Huancabamba, 3100 m, 23 Sept 1993, J. Campoverde, D.E.  Bennett  6438  [not  6433]  (NY;  Isolectotype: MOL-spirit).

Bennett 6443 designated as holotype in the protologue  was not found at NY.   However,  another NY  specimen,  Bennett  6438,  has  been  designated as  holotype  of  Telipogon  davidsonii  (by  Bennett?) but its collection data disagree with that given in the protologue.  Two  flowers  (one  dissected)  of  Bennett 6438 (in a single jar) were also found in the Bennett collection at MOL. The dissected flower agrees with the illustration  of the original  publication.  Although Bennett 6438 was not cited in the protologue (neither in the Table Records of the illustrated Bennett’s specimens),   this  specimen   is  part  of  the  original material (ICN. Art. 9.3). As there is no extant holotype, a lectotype is designated here (ICN. Art. 9.2). The specimen here chosen as lectotype is the pressed specimen deposited at NY.

Telipogon genegeorgei D.E. Benn. & Ric.Fernández, Publ.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Univ.  Nacion.   Mayor   San Marcos, Bot. 36: 4. 1992.

TYPE: Peru, Junin, Satipo, above Calabaza near Rio Pamapa Hermosa, 2550 m, 31 July 1987, D. Bennett, A. de Bennett, G.G. Bennett B. & A. Vargas P. 3966. Holotype:  according  to the protologue  at USM, now deposited  at  MOL.  PArATyPe:  Peru,  Junin:  Satipo, along  the  Satipo-Huancayo   road,  2580  m,  2  Aug 1987 [1 Aug 1987, in error], D. Bennett et al. 4014 (according to the protologue at USM, now deposited at MOL, MOL-spirit [x2]).

Telipogon sayakoae D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Arnaldoa 6: 61. 1999 (publ. 2000).

TYPE: Peru, Dpto. Pasco, Prov. Oxapampa; 2500 m, 27 mayo 1999, Hort, INRENA 008, L. Cristobal E. ex Bennett 7917. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL[-spirit] (Fig. 70).

Bennett  7917 in spirit was found  in the Bennett collection  at MOL;  however,  as pressed  preparation was not located. The spirit specimen, consisting of two flowers (one dissected) that agree with the illustration of the original publication is the holotype.

Telipogon suarezii D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 787. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Huancavelica, Tayacaja, district of Huachcolpa,  3200  m,  29  July  1999,  R.  Suarez  G., G. Alegria T. & B. Collantes M. ex Bennett 7937. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL; Isotype: NY, lost [MOL-spirit].

Two  preparations  of  Bennett  7937  were  found in the Bennett  collection  at MOL:  one in spirit and one pressed specimen  prepared  on August 12, 1999. Bennett wrote on the label of the pressed specimen: “sp. nov” but did not indicate that the flower in spirit was part of the same specimen. Therefore the specimen in spirit is an isotype (ICN. Art. 8.3).

Telipogon tayacajaensis D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 788. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Huancavelica, Tayacaja, 3200 m, 25 Aug 1999, León et al. 3053. Holotype: Herb. Bennettianum [now at MOL], lost, [Isotypes: USM (2153336) designated  here  as  Lectotype; Isolectotype:  USM (215337)].

The field work report of M. León et al. indicates that  specimens  in spirit,  pressed  and  living  plant(s) of M. León et al. 3053 were collected on June 14-16, 1999.  Five  specimens  of M. León  et al. 3053  were found in the Bennett collection at MOL: one in spirit (two intact flowers) and four pressed. One pressed specimen was prepared by Bennett on June 22, 1999 [1994,  in error]  and was labeled  Bennett  7922. The other three were un-mounted  and lacked labels; they were probably  prepared  on June 14-16, 1999 by M. León. None of the specimens at the Bennett collection was prepared on the date cited in the protologue or has an annotation that indicated that it is the holotype.

Two additional specimens of M. León M et al. 3053 were found at USM. The collection data and dates of preparation  of these specimens agree with that given in the protologue; therefore they are isotypes. As there is no holotype,  a lectotype  is designated  here (ICN. Art. 9.2). The specimen  at USM with the Accession Number “2153336” is here chosen as lectotype (ICN. Art. 9.12).

Trichoceros dombeyi D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 789. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Piura, Huancabamba, 12 kms above Huancabamba  along  road  to  Piura,  2600  m,  1964, P.C. Hutchison 6628 (as 64-688). Holotype: UC?. PArATyPe:  Peru, Ancash,  Huari,  15 km  N of Huari, 7 Aug 1987, 3200 m, D. Bennett & A. Bennett 3778 (originally  deposited  at Herb. Bennettianum,  now at MOL?).

The specimen (paratype?) found in the Bennett collection  at MOL has a different  collector  and date of preparation: Manuel Arias ex Bennett 3778 and December 14, 1986.

Trichoceros hajekiorum D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 790. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Lima, Cajatambo, Huancahuasi, 3200 m, 12 May 2000 [prepared on 15 May 2000], C. Hajek & F. Hajek ex Bennett 7958. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL, part in spirit.

The  specimen  found  in  the  Bennett  collection at MOL was prepared  on May  15, 2000  and it has an annotation  of   Bennett that indicates that it is the holotype

Trichopilia undulatissima  D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 95. 1998.

TYPE: Peru, Pasco, Oxapampa, near the town of Progreso towards San Isidro, 1770 m, leg. O. del Castillo,  Apr  1992,  flowered  in  cultivation  23  Sept 1994,  Bennett  5527.  Holotype:  NY!; Isotype:  USM, lost; [MOL-spirit].

Trichosalpinx dentialae D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 792. 2001.

TYPE:   Peru,   Cajamarca,   San   Ignacio,   Tabaconas District, Linderos sector along Rio Tabaconas, 1450 m, 20 Jun 1996 [prepared on 7 Nov 1996], O. del Castillo ex  Bennett  7630.  Holotype:  originally  deposited  at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL.

The specimen was prepared on November 7, 1996.

Trichosalpinx  pandurata D.E. Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 793. 2001.

TYPE:  Peru,  Junin,  Chanchamayo,   La  Promisoria, 1250  m,  M.  León  M.  &  B.  Collantes  M.  878  ex Bennett 7657. Holotype: MOL; Isotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL-spirit. [synTyPes, see below]. Lectotype here designated: Peru, without  locality  data [probably  same as in the protologue],  M. León M. & B. Collantes  M. 878 [ex Bennett 7657] (MOL-spirit; Fig. 71).

Two preparations of M. León 878 are in the Bennett collection at MOL: one pressed and the other in spirit. However, neither is annotated to indicate which is the holotype or that they represent a single specimen (as required  by ICN. Art. 8.3). Therefore  they represent syntypes (ICN. Art. 40 Note 1). In absence of holotype, the specimen in spirit is chosen and designated here as lectotype (ICN. Art. 9.2).

Xylobium serratum D.E.Benn. & Christensona, Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 799. 2001.

TYPE:   Peru,  Pasco,   Oxapampa,   8  kms  north  of Villarica,   1525  m,  Aug  1993,  J.  Campoverde   ex Bennett 6030. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum,  [now at MOL], lost. Lectotype here designated:   Peru,  without  locality  data  [probably same  as in the protologue],  Bennett  6030-1  (MOL- spirit; Fig. 72).

The  holotype  was  not  found.  However,  Bennett 6030-1 in spirit (a clone of the holotype), consisting of two intact flowers was found in the Bennett collection at MOL. The Table Records of the illustrated Bennett’s specimens  indicates  that the illustration  of Xylobium serratum  was  prepared  based  on  Bennett  6030-1. As not cited specimen exists, the uncited specimen (Bennett 6030-1) is here chosen as the lectotype (ICN. Art. 9.12).

Zootrophion  leonii  D.E.Benn.  & Christenson,  Icon. Orchid. Peruv.: t. 800. 2001.

TYPE: Peru, Huancavelica, Tajacaya, District of Huachocolpa,  above Lucuma,  2300 m, 19 Feb 1999 [prepared on 17 April 1999], M. León M. et al. 3019 ex Bennett 7878. Holotype: originally deposited at Herb. Bennettianum, now at MOL.

A  pressed  specimen  Zootrophion;  label  as    M. León M. et al. 3018 ex Bennett 7878, was found in the Bennett collection at MOL This specimen was wrongly labeled as “MLM 3018”. The correct collection number is “3019”; which is the number that indicates the field work report of M. León and the protologue. The report of M. León et al. also indicates that they only collected living plant(s).

The  specimen  (holotype)  was  prepared  on April 17, 1999.


Cyrtochilum miradorense (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) Dalström ex D. Trujillo., comb. nov.

Basionym:  Oncidium miradorense D.E. Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 80. 1998.

The combination Cyrtochilum miradorense was invalidly proposed by Dalström (2002) because he did not provide the complete basionym reference (contrary to ICBN, Art 33.3). The combination is validated here.

Acknowledgements

To Carlos Reynel and Jose Luis Marcelo for the facilities provided to work with the Bennett Collection at MOL. To the curators of USM for the facilities provided to check the orchid collection. To the curator of AMES, FLAS, K, NY, and SEL for their help looking for the type material in their institutions. To Diana Bennett and Richard Bennett for their help in looking for David Bennett’s notes and records. To John H Wiersema and Blanca León for their valuable nomenclature guidance. To Phillip Cribb, Günter Gerlach, and Eric Hágsater for their comments on the paper. To Gino Mondragon and Miriam Rivera for their collaboration in mounting the Bennett’s pressed specimens.

---

Literature Cited

Archila, F. 2002. Addenda et corrigenda para Sudamerlycaste Archila. Revista Guatemal. 5: 77-82.         [ Links ]

Archila, F. 2003. Addenda et corrigenda para Sudamerlycaste Archila (Orchidaceae) parte 2.. Revista Guatemal. 6: 1-6.         [ Links ]

Bennett,  D.E.  1992.  New  orchid  species  from  Peru. Lindleyana 7: 80-97.         [ Links ]

Bennett,    D.E.    &    E.A.    Christenson.    1993    Icones Orchidacearum Peruviarum, pl. 1–200.         [ Links ]

Bennett, D.E. & E.A. Christenson. 1994a. New species and new combinations in Peruvian Orchidaceae. Brittonia: 46, 24–53.         [ Links ]

Bennett, D.E. & E.A. Christenson. 1994b. New species of Peruvian Orchidaceae II. Brittonia 46: 228–259.         [ Links ]

Bennett, D.E. & E.A. Christenson. 1995a New species of Peruvian Orchidaceae III. Brittonia 47: 182–209.         [ Links ]

Bennett,   D.E.   &   E.A.   Christenson.   1995b   Icones Orchidacearum Peruviarum. pl. 201–400.         [ Links ]

Bennett, D.E. & E.A. Christenson. 1998a. New species of Peruvian Orchidaceae, IV. Brittonia 50: 186–191.         [ Links ]

Bennett, D.E. & E.A. Christenson. 1998b. New species of Peruvian Orchidaceae, V. Lindleyana 13: 31–56.         [ Links ]

Bennett, D.E. & E.A. Christenson. 1998c New species of Peruvian Orchidaceae, VI. Lindleyana 13: 64–96.         [ Links ]

Bennett,    D.E.   &   E.A.   Christenson.   1998d.   Icones Orchidacearum Peruviarum, pl. 401–600.         [ Links ]

Bennett, D.E. & E.A. Christenson. 1999. Sobralia altissima. Orchids 68: 1112-1113.         [ Links ]

Bennett,    D.E.    &    E.A.    Christenson.    2001.    Icones Orchidacearum Peruviarum, pl. 601–800.         [ Links ]

Bennett, D.E. & E.A. Christenson. 2009. Nine new species and one new name in Maxillaria (Orchidaceae). Phytotaxa 1: 21-36.         [ Links ]

Blanco, M.A., 2013. New combinations and synonyms in the Maxillarinae (Orchidaceae). Selbyana 31: 52-59.         [ Links ]

Chase, M.W. & D.E. Bennett. 1993. Stigmatorthos peruviana- A new genus and species in the Scelochilus alliance (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae). 8: 3-8.         [ Links ]

Chase, M. W., N. H. Williams, K. M. Neubig & W. M. Whitten. 2008. Taxonomic transfers in oncidiinae to accord with Genera orchidacearum, vol. 5. Lindleyana in Orchids (West Palm Beach) 77.(12): 20-31.         [ Links ]

Chase, M.W & W.M. Whitten. 2011. Further taxonomic transfers in Oncidiinae (Orchidaceae). Phytotaxa 20: 26-32.         [ Links ]

Collantes, B. & E. Hágsater. 2013. Epidendrum frechetteanum.  pl.1429. in: E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.) Icones Orchidacearum. Fasc. 14. The Genus Epidendrum. Part 10. Herbario AMO. Mexico D.F.         [ Links ]

Christenson,  E.A.,  2008.  A  synopsis  of  Pachyphyllum (Orchidaceae). J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2: 285-289.         [ Links ]

Christenson, E.A. 2009. Four new species of Maxillaria from Colombia and Peru and two less from Ecuador. Richardiana: 9: 49-62.         [ Links ]

Dalström, S. 2001. A synopsis of the genus Cyrtochilum (Oncidiinae): Taxonomic reevaluation and new combinations. Lindleyana 16: 56-80.         [ Links ]

Dalström, S. 2002. A synopsis of the genus Cyrtochilum (Orchidaceae; Oncidiinae):  Errata and  New combinations. Lindleyana 17: 91-92.         [ Links ]

Dalström, S. 2012. New combinations in Odontoglossum (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae) and a solution to a taxonomic conundrum. Lankesteriana 12: 53-60.         [ Links ]

Dalström,  S.  &  S.  Ruíz-Pérez.  2012. Three  new  small- flowered    Cyrtochilum species (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae) from Colombia and Peru, and one new combination. Lankesteriana 12: 147-153.         [ Links ]

Greuter, W., et al. (eds). 2000. International Code of Botanical  Nomenclature  (St  Louis  Code)  adopted by  the  Sixteenth  International  Botanical  Congress, St Louis, Missouri, July–August 1999. Regnum Vegetabile 138.         [ Links ]

Hágsater, E & C.H. Dodson. 2001. Epidendrum rhopalostele. pl. 481 in: E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.) Icones Orchidacearum. Fasc. 4. The Genus Epidendrum. Part 3.  Herbario AMO. Mexico D.F.         [ Links ]

Hágsater, E. 2006. Epidendrum fujimorianum. pl. 834 in: E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.) Icones Orchidacearum. Fasc.  8. The  Genus  Epidendrum.  Part  5.    Herbario AMO. Mexico D.F.         [ Links ]

Hágsater, E. 2009. Epidendrum forcipatum. pl.1243 in: E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.), Icones Orchidacearum. Fasc. 12. The Genus Epidendrum. Part 8. Herbario AMO. Mexico D.F.         [ Links ]

Hágsater, E., B. Collantes & E. Santiago. 2013. Epidendrum cryptotropis. pl 1420 in: E. Hágsater & L. Sánchez S. (eds.) Icones Orchidacearum. Fasc. 14. The Genus Epidendrum. Part 10. Herbario AMO. Mexico D.F.         [ Links ]

Hills,   H.G.   2012.   Taxonomic   revision   of   Dressleria (Orchidaceae, Catasetinae). Phytoneuron 48:1-28.         [ Links ]

Luer,  C.  A.  2002.  Icones  Pleurothallidinarum.  XXIII. Systematics of Masdevallia, part four. M. subgen. Masdevallia, section Masdevallia. subsection Caudatae subsection Oscilantes, subsection Saltatrices. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 87: 781—1047.         [ Links ]

McNeill,  J.  et  al.  (eds.).  2006.  International  Code  of Botanical  Nomenclature  (Vienna  code),  adopted  by 17th IBC, Vienna, 2005. Regnum Vegetabile 146.         [ Links ]

McNeill,   J.   et  al.  (eds.).  2012.  International  Code  of Botanical Nomenclature (Melbourne code), adopted by 18th IBC, Melbourne, 2011. Regnum Vegetabile 154.         [ Links ]

Oakeley, H.F. 2003. Infrageneric classification of Ida and the description of a new hybrid genus Lycida Oakeley. Orchid Digest 67: 11–29.         [ Links ]

Oakeley, H.F. 2008. Lycaste, Ida and Anguloa. The essential guide: 1-445.         [ Links ]

Roque,  J  &  B..León.  2007.  Orchidaceae  endémicas  del Perú. Rev. peru. biol. 13: 759-878.         [ Links ]

Senghas,  K.,  D.E.  Bennett  &  E.A.  Christenson.  1998. Validating a Peruvian Scelochilus (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae). Brittonia 50: 183-185.         [ Links ]

*Correspondencia: Delsy Trujillo: Research Associate, Herbario MOL, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Av. La Universidad s/n. La Molina. Apartado 12-056 - Lima, Perú delsytrujillo@lamolina.edu.pe
1. Research Associate, Herbario MOL, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Av. La Universidad s/n. La Molina. Apartado 12-056 - Lima, Perú delsytrujillo@lamolina.edu.pe