Introduction
Glyceridae Grube, 1850 is a polychaete family whose species have predatory habits, these can be found associated to soft-bottom substrates, and are called “bloodworms” commonly. There are 87 valid species belonging to five genera (Read & Fauchald, 2019). The first report of a glycerid for western Mexico was made by Moore (1911), who describes Glycera branchiopoda from Collnet basin, NW Baja California Peninsula, at 1
400 ft depth. Posteriorly, Glyceridae has been treated by several authors whom report 20 species of genus Glycera: G. americana Leidy, 1855, G. branchiopodaMoore, 1911, G. brevicirris Grube, 1870, G. capitata Ørsted, 1843, G. dibranchiata Ehlers, 1868, G. lapidum Quatrefages, 1866, G. longipinnis Grube, 1878, G. oxycephala Ehlers, 1887, G. pacifica Kinberg, 1865, G. papillosa Grube, 1857, G. profundiChamberlin, 1919, G. prosobranchia Boggeman & Fiege 2001, G. robusta Ehlers, 1868, G. tenuis Hartman, 1944, G. tesselata Grube, 1863, G. sphyrabranchaSchmarda, 1861, and genus Hemipodus: H. armata Hartman, 1950, H. californiensis Hartman, 1938, H. pustulata (Friedrich, 1956), H. simplex (Grube, 1857) (Chamberlin, 1919; Hartman, 1940; Hartman, 1950; Hartman, 1963; Rioja, 1941; Rioja, 1947; Treadwell, 1942; Fauvel, 1943; Berkeley & Berkeley, 1950; Reish, 1963; Reish, 1968; Fauchald, 1972; Kudenov, 1975; Kudenov, 1980; Blake, 1985; Salazar-Vallejo, de León González, & Chávez-Comparán, 1990; Hernández-Alcántara & Solís-Weiss, 1993, 1999; Böggemann, 2002; Hernández-Alcántara, Tovar-Hernández, & Solís-Weiss, 2008; Díaz-Castañeda, de León-González, & Solana-Arellano, 2014; Villalobos-Guerrero & Molina-Acevedo, 2014; Prado-Navarro, Díaz-Castañeda, Leija-Tristán, & de León-González, 2016; Cuéllar-Mercado, Hernández-Alcántara, & Solís-Weiss, 2019). The aim of this study is to describe and illustrate species of Glyceridae previously unknown from western Mexico.
Material and methods
The examined material is the result of a series of sampling efforts, from the intertidal zone to the Continental Shelf of the upper Gulf of California, as well as a monitoring program in the shore of the main bays. Glycerids were sampled on intertidal and associated to a shrimp trawl at 30 m depth. Specimens were fixed in formaldehyde and preserved in 70 % ethanol. The material was deposited in the Polychaete Collection of the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (NL-INV-0002-05-09), México.
SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT
Glyceridae Grube, 1850
GlyceraSavigny in Lamarck, 1818
Glycera guatemalensis
(Fig. 1)
Glycera lancadivae.- Berkeley & Berkeley, 1939:334 (fideBöggemann, 2002, non Schmarda 1861).
Glycera guatemalensisBöggemann & Fiege, 2001:35; figs. 4, 8g-h, 10; Böggemann, 2002: 43-44, Figs. 31-33.
Examined material: Two specimens (UANL 8128). Puertecitos, Baja California, Gulf of California, 30°24’46” N, 114°38’01” W, 18 m, December 28, 1985, col. Eulogio Reyes, by catch in shrimp trawl.
Description: Both specimens complete, longer specimen 171 mm long, 7.5 mm wide, with 318 chaetigers; shorter specimen 166 mm long, 6.8 mm wide and 287 chaetigers. Segments bi-annulate from chaetiger 15. Conical prostomium with 10 rings (Fig. 1A). Pharynx completely everted, 37 and 20 mm long, respectively. Two types of papillae arranged irregularly along surface: 1) mostly conical with a straight, median, longitudinal ridge (Fig. 1D); 2) other isolated, globular, without ridges (Fig. 1C). Pharynx armed with four terminal jaws and ailerons with a deeply incised base, outer ramous slightly pointed (Fig. 1B).
First two parapodia uniramous, following parapodia biramous. Parapodia with two slender triangular to digitiform prechaetal lobes, anterior ones with both lobes of about same length (Fig. 1E-H); mid-body and posterior parapodia with notopodial lobes longer and slightly wider than neuropodial ones (Fig. 1I-M). Postchaetal lobes shorter, rounded, neuropodial slightly longer than notopodial one. Dorsal cirri conical to oval from chaetiger 3, inserted on parapodial basis (Fig 1E-M). Ventral cirri slender, triangular to digitiform, on anterior parapodia slightly longer than post-chaetal neuropodial lobe, on mid-body and posterior parapodia, almost longer than pre-chaetal neuropodia (Fig. 1I-M). Branchiae absent.
Remarks: The unique morphological difference between the Mexican and Guatemalan specimens is that the Mexican specimens present anterior dorsal cirri nearly digitiform, middle-anterior ones oval, and middle-posterior and posterior ones conical. Guatemalan specimens have anterior dorsal cirri oval, middle ones conical and posterior ones oval. However, that variation may due to ontogenetic events, our specimens are twice longer than type specimens.
Distribution: This species was previously known by the type locality, San José, Guatemala, at 18 m depth (Böggemann, 2002). It is first report for the Gulf of California.
Glycera sphyrabranchaSchmarda, 1861
(Fig. 2)
Glycera sphyrabranchaSchmarda, 1861: 96; Pl. 30, Fig. 240, texfigs. a-c; Böggemann, 2002: 42-43, Figs. 28-30.
Material examined: One specimen (UANL8129). Cocos beach, Concepción Bay, Baja California Sur, 26°44’39.1” N, 111°53’55.4” W, intertidal, April 01, 2011, Coll. MEGG and JALG.
Description: Specimen complete, 165 mm long, 3.76 mm wide, and 295 chaetigers. Segments bi-annulate with same size of annuli from chaetiger 10, anterior ones uni-annulate. Conical prostomium with 11 rings (Fig. 2A). Pharynx everted 15 mm long, with two types of papillae: 1) numerous digitiform papillae without ridges (Fig. 2C); 2) some isolated, oval to globular papillae, without ridges (Fig. 2D). Pharynx with four terminal jaws, ailerons with deeply incised base (Fig. 2B).
First two parapodia uniramous, following parapodia biramous. Two slender triangular to digitiform prechaetal lobes, on anterior parapodia, noto- and neuropodial prechaetal lobes subequal, middle and posterior parapodia with neuropodial prechaetal lobes slightly longer than notopodial ones. Postchaetal lobes rounded. Dorsal cirri from third parapodia, inserted slightly above parapodial base, digitiform with a slightly swollen dorso-basally, longer on anterior parapodia, diminishing in size from middle to posterior parapodia (Fig. 2 E-M). Ventral cirri triangular on anterior parapodia (Fig. 2 E-G), digitiform on middle body region (Fig. 2H-J) and slender on posterior parapodia (Fig. 2K-M). Branchiae non-retractile, simple, appear on chaetiger 15 near upper chaetal lobe; slightly triangular anteriorly (Fig. 2F), becoming digitiform from middle of anterior region, and best developed in middle body region (Fig. 2G-J), in all parapodia branchiae inserted basally.
Remarks: The original description and illustrations of G. sphyrabrancha by Schmarda (1861) are not clear; however, Böggemann (2002) analyzed and redescribed the holotype collected in Jamaica. Our specimen collected in the Gulf of California is morphologically similar to the type redescribed by Böggemann (2002), but varies slightly in the shape of the dorsal cirrus, being conical to oval in the holotype versus digitiform and swollen basally in our specimen. As in the previous species, these differences can be attributed to ontogeny.
Distribution. This species is distributed in tropical waters, from intertidal to 250 m depth: Georgia and Florida (USA), Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Puerto Rico, Barbados, Panamá (both sides), South Africa, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and Solomon Islands (Böggemann, 2002).
Ethical statement: authors declare that they all agree with this publication and made significant contributions; that there is no conflict of interest of any kind; and that we followed all pertinent ethical and legal procedures and requirements. All financial sources are fully and clearly stated in the acknowledgements section. A signed document has been filed in the journal archives.