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Revista de Biología Tropical

versión On-line ISSN 0034-7744versión impresa ISSN 0034-7744

Rev. biol. trop vol.60 no.3 San José sep. 2012

 

Annulata örstediana: publication dates, composition and annotated taxonomic list, with some comments on Hemipodus (Polychaeta: Glyceridae)

Sergio I. Salazar-Vallejo1*  & Danny Eibye-Jacobsen2*

*Dirección para correspondencia

Abstract

 The collecting trips by Ørsted and Kröyer in Central and South America  resulted in a series of papers by Grube, the Annulata örstediana which contained the proposal for seven genera and descriptions for 84 species. There are some problems dealing with the correct number of contributions, their publication dates, the correct citation for the authors for each species name and sometimes even for the type locality. In order to improve the current situation, we have consulted the original publications together with the corresponding collections. Our results indicate that there were only three parts in the series which were published in the journal, and repagination in reprints sometimes caused some further confusion. Additionally, we provided some review comments on the species current status and we added a short nomenclatural note on Hemipodus (Polychaeta: Glyceridae) trying to clarify the correct generic name and type species.

Key words: taxonomy, nomenclature, marine invertebrates, hirudineans, sipunculans.

Resumen

Los  viajes  de  recolecta  por  Ørsted  y  Kröyer  en Centroamérica y Sudamérica  resultaron en una serie de notas por Grube,  los Annulata örstediana que contienen la propuesta de siete géneros y 84 especies. Hay algunos problemas en relación con el número correcto de contribuciones, sus fechas de publicación, la citación correcta de los autores para cada nombre específico y a veces incluso para la localidad tipo. Para mejorar la situación, hemos consultado las publicaciones originales junto con las colecciones correspondientes.  Nuestros  resultados  indican  que  hubo tres partes en la serie, que fueron publicadas en la revista y  cuyas páginas fueron re-enumeradas para las  separatas lo que a veces ocasionó confusiones adicionales. Además, brindamos algunos  comentarios para revisar el estado de cada  especie y agregamos una breve nota  nomenclatural sobre Hemipodus (Polychaeta: Glyceridae) para aclarar el nombre correcto del género y la especie tipo.

Palabras  clave: taxonomía, nomenclatura,  invertebrados marinos, hirudineos, sipúnculos.


The   series   of   papers   entitled   Annulata  örstediana  described  species  collected by Anders  S.  Ørsted  and  Henrik  Kröyer  in the Caribbean, Central America and South America. Adolph-Eduard Grube provided standardized descriptions and indicated the corresponding co-author for each name, but the correct authors for them have been elusive and, at the same time, the correct publication dates have been misunderstood. Most species were polychaetes but some hirudineans and sipunculans were also included; seven genera were proposed and 84 species were newly described.

Some of the species were studied by Augener (1925) and further comments were made by Wolff & Petersen (1991). In the latter contribution, the authors tried to clarify the publication dates for the series. However, two problems remain for correct citation of the species. First, despite the fact that many species were introduced with two authors (‘Gr. Örsd.’ or ‘Gr. Kr.’), most species have been attributed to Grube alone. This contradicts Recommendation 51E of the Zoological Code (ICZN 1999), but probably because it is just a recommendation, it has not been widely followed. We think this should be modified such that the correct authors are acknowledged and some examples have already been introduced (Hartwich 1993). Second, because the parts were compiled and distributed  as  collected  reprints  with  different pagination, there seems to be confusion about how many parts were issued. Hartman (1951a:101) indicated three parts,   whereas Wolff & Petersen (1991:680) listed four. To clarify this issue, the corresponding volumes of  the  journal  (Videnskabelige  Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening) have been thoroughly  rechecked  and  the  full  citations are included to avoid confusion in the future. Furthermore, a list of all taxa newly described in this series is provided in order to improve the recognition of their correct authors together with some notes on the current status.

Recommended citations

(Publications available in http://www. archive.org/stream/annulatarstedi00grub/annulatarstedi00grub_djvu.txt)

Grube, A.E. 1857. Annulata örstediana. Enumeratio Annulatorum, quae in itinere per Indiam occidentalem et Americam centralem annis 1845-1848 suscepto legit cl. A.S. Örsted, adjectis speciebus nonnullis a cl. H. Kröyero in itinere ad Americam meridionalem collectis. [1. Familia Aphroditea – F. Euniceae]. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening for 1856: 44-62.

Grube, A.E. 1858. Annulata örstediana. Enumeratio Annulatorum, quae in itinere per Indiam occidentalem et Americam centralem annis 1845-1848 suscepto legit cl. A.S. Örsted, adjectis speciebus nonnullis a cl. H. Kröyero in itinere ad Americam meridionalem collectis, (Fortsættelse [continued]) [2. Familia Euniceae F. Syllidea]. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening for 1857: 158-186.

Grube, A.E. 1859. Annulata örstediana. Enumeratio Annulatorum, quae in itinere per Indiam occidentalem et Americam centralem annis 1845-1848 suscepto legit cl. A.S. Örsted, adjectis speciebus nonnullis a cl. H. Kröyero in itinere ad Americam meridionalem collectis, (Slutning [conclusion]) [3. Familia Ariciaea F. Sipunculacea and Index]. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening for 1858: 105-120.

Annotated taxonomic list

The following list includes only the newly described taxa; they are presented for each family  (except  in  Hirudinea  and  Sipuncula) and all in an alphabetical sequence. Pagination follows that of the published volumes, not the reprints, and the type locality (depth included only if indicated in the description) and catalogue numbers, if any, have been appended. For the latter, the acronyms employed are ZMUC for the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, and ZMB for the Zoological Museum, Berlin (Hartwich 1993). This compilation is relevant because in the available lists for tropical American polychaetes (Salazar Vallejo 1996, Salazar-Vallejo & Londoño Mesa  2004),  the  authors  or  dates  were  not cited correctly. Further, since the contributions by Monro on Panamian polychaetes (Monro 1928a, 1928b, 1933a, 1933b), many Indian Ocean, Western Pacific and even European names were introduced to the tropical American fauna. The world catalogue of polychaete species by Hartman (1959, 1965) stressed the prevalence of the older species names, which are often from Scandinavian or European seas, and regarded regional names as junior synonyms. Therefore, there might be some names which deserve to be reinstated after a careful revision, and we hope this work will help encourage  such  efforts.  On  the  other  hand, the generic names were checked against the database of Nomenclator Zoologicus in http:// uio.mbl.edu/NomenclatorZoologicus/.

Polychaeta

Amphinomidae
Amphinome

1.    A.  carnea  Grube  &  Ørsted  in  Grube, 1857: 52, St. Croix. The status of this species was regarded as uncertain by Baird (1870:219). Hartman (1959:128) regarded it as indeterminable.
2.    A.  paupera  Grube  &  Kröyer  in  Grube, 1857: 52-53, Valparaiso, ZMB 2785 (3 syntypes). Augener (1922:172) regarded this species as a subspecies in E. complanata;  Hartman  (1959:129)  referred  it to Eurythoe as E. paupera. WesenbergLund  (1962:38)  transferred  this  species to Pareurythoe.

Notopygos

3.    N.  ornata  Grube  &  Ørsted  in  Grube, 1857: 53, Puntarenas, Costa Rica, ZMUCPOL-183 (3 syntypes), ZMB 3331 (lost). The   species   was   redescribed   (Monro 1933a:10) and the name is available (Hartman 1940:207, 1959:136).

Chrysopetalidae

4.    Palmyra(?) elongata Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1857: 51-52, St. Croix, ZMUC- POL-251 (holotype). Augener (1925:5) regarded this species as belonging in Bhawania    and    Hartman    (1959:127) thought it might be identical to B. goodei Webster, 1884. Monro (1933a:18) recorded this species for the Eastern Tropical Pacific. In World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) it is regarded as a junior synonym for the latter but the reasons for this are enigmatic. The original name has priority and a revision of the type materials would allow the solution of this problem.

Cirratulidae
Cirratulus

5.    C.  caribous  Grube  &  Ørsted  in  Grube, 1859:  106,  St.  Croix,  3  fathoms.  Hartman (1959:403) regarded this species as indeterminable.
6.    C. punctatus Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1859: 107, St. Croix, Christiansted, Virgin Islands, 3 fathoms. Monro (1933b:264) recorded this species from Southern Florida. Hartman (1959:405) transferred it to Cirriformia. The species has been redescribed and transferred to Timarete Kinberg, 1866 (Çinar 2007:757).

Dorvilleidae

7.    Anisoceras  Grube  &  Ørsted  in  Grube, 1857:   60.   Pre-occupied   by   Anisoceras Hope, 1840, Coleoptera. Pettibone (1961:181) proposed Papilliodorvillea as a replacement name, with A. rubra (see below) as the type species. The presence of a nuchal papilla was rejected as a generic, diagnostic feature, and the genus was considered a junior synonym of Dorvillea by Jumars (1974:114). It should be noted that Dorvillea Parfitt, 1866 is a junior homonym  of  Dorvillea  Gray,  1852  (or  Leach, 1852), a fossil bivalve.
8.    A.  bioculata  Grube  &  Ørsted  in  Grube, 1857: 62, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Illustrated  by  Wolff  &  Petersen  (1991:Fig. 2A-F). Hartman (1959:348) regarded this species as a member of Dorvillea Parfitt, 1866, but Jumars (1974:132) regarded it as indeterminable.
9.    A. rubra Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1857: 60-61, St. Croix, 30 fathoms. This species was regarded as belonging in Dorvillea (Hartman 1951b:66, 1959:348). It was later designated as the type species of Papilliodorvillea Pettibone, 1961 (181), but this genus was rejected by Jumars (1974:113-115).
10.  A. vittata Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1857: 61-62, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Illustrated by Wolff & Petersen (1991:Pl. 2, Fig. 7). According to Hartman (1959:348), the species belongs in Dorvillea and this was confirmed by Pettibone (1961:182).

Eunicidae
Eunice

11.  E. cariboea Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1857: 57, St. Croix, Christiansted, Virgin Islands, ZMUC-POL-297 (lectotype, designated by K. Fauchald), ZMUC-POL-298 (1 paralectotype), ZMUC-POL-299 (1 paralectotype =  holotype  of  E.  excariboea  Fauchald, 1992), ZMUC-POL-300 (1 paralectotype = paratype of E. excariboea), ZMB 4004 (3 syntypes and 3 anterior fragments). Monro (1933a:63) recorded this species from the Eastern Tropical Pacific. It was redescribed by Fauchald (1992:98).
12.  E. filamentosa Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1857: 56, St. Croix, ZMUC-POL-303 (lectotype, designated by K. Fauchald), ZMUC-POL-304 (1 paralectotype = Palola sp. fide Fauchald 1992), ZMB 1855 (1 paralectotype). Augener  (1925)  reexamined this species and found that it contained a specimen that he thought belonged to E. gagzoi Augener, 1922 or E. siciliensis Grube, 1840; this specimen has subsequently been referred to Palola (K. Fauchald, pers. comm.). Monro (1933a:65) recorded it from the Eastern Tropical Pacific. The species was redescribed and restricted by Carrera-Parra & Salazar-Vallejo (2011:53-56, Fig. 1).
13.  E. lucei Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1857: 57-58, Puntarenas, Costa Rica, ZMUCPOL-305 (lectotype, designated by K. Fauchald), ZMUC-POL-306 (1 paralectotype), ZMB 2019 (holotype). This species was regarded as indeterminable by Hartman  (1959:312)  but  it  was  redescribed by Fauchald (1992:201); he also selected a lectotype from among the Copenhagen specimens, but this does not appear to be valid since the holotype is in Berlin (Hartwich 1993:114).
14.  E.  punctata  Grube  &  Ørsted  in  Grube, 1857: 59-60, St. Thomas, ZMUC-POL-307 (holotype = holotype of E. binominata de Quatrefages, 1866). According to Ehlers (1887:85), Augener (1906:132) and Hartman (1959:314), this is a junior homonym of E. punctata (Risso, 1826); de Quatrefages (1866:327) proposed as a replacement name, but the single specimen was thought to be lost (Fauchald 1992:85-86) and because the original description is brief, this was regarded as species inquerenda. The specimen is, however, present in the collection of the Zoological Museum in Copenhagen and should be regarded as the holotype of E. binominata de Quatrefages, 1866.
15.  E. quadrioculata Ørsted in Grube, 1857: 60, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Fauchald (1992:284) commented that this species was described on the basis of an illustration and that de Quatrefages (1866:337) referred it to Marphysa; however, the latter author regarded the species as being deprived of branchiae and probably belonging in Lumbrineridae.
16.  E.  rubra  Grube  &  Ørsted  in  Grube, 1857:  59,  St.  Thomas,  ZMUC-POL-308 (holotype).    Redescribed    by    Ehlers (1887:87), Augener (1925:9), Hartman (1951b:55) and Fauchald (1992:291).
17.  E. splendida Grube & Kröyer in Grube, 1857: 58, Valparaiso, ZMUC-POL-309 (holotype). Wesenberg-Lund (1962:111) and Fauchald (1992:308) regarded this species as indeterminable.
18.  E.  violacea  Grube  &  Ørsted  in  Grube,  1857: 55, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Fauchald (1992:335) regarded this species as indeterminable.

Flabelligeridae
Siphonostomum

19.  S.  cariboum  Grube  &  Ørsted  in  Grube, 1859: 108-109, St. Croix, ZMUC-POL-331 (holotype). Ehlers (1887:158) recorded a different species under this name. Chamberlin (1919:397) selected it as the type species for Semiodera.
20.  S. cingulatum Grube & Kröyer in Grube, 1859: 108, Rio de Janeiro.

Glyceridae
Glycera

21.  G. cirrata Grube, 1858: 176, Rio de Janeiro, St. Croix, ZMUC-POL-392 (1 syntype).  According  to  Augener  (1925:10) the specimen present in the Zoological Museum  in  Copenhagen,  which  is  from St. Croix, Virgin Islands, is not the one that  Grube’s  description  was  based  on. He referred this specimen to G. tesselata Grube, 1863, described from the Mediterranean Sea. Hartman (1950:64, 1959:289) regarded this species as close to G. americana Leidy, 1855 described from Rhode Island. Böggemann (2002:23) indicated that there were two lots, one from the Virgin Islands, which he regards as belonging to G. americana, whereas the Brazilian materials belong to G. brevicirris Grube, 1870, which has an uncertain type locality, probably the Indian Ocean.
22.  G. papillosa Grube, 1858: 176-177, Valparaíso. Hartman (1940:248) followed Augener (1922:203) and based on a specimen from Perú, regarded the species as valid. It was briefly characterized by WesenbergLund (1962:103); however, because there is no type material, Böggemann (2002:28) regarded it as nomen dubium.


Hemipodus de Quatrefages, 1866 or Hemipodia de Quatrefages in Kinberg, 1866? Böggemann (2002:79) proposed Hemipodia Kinberg, 1865 as a senior synonym of Hemipodus de Quatrefages, 1866, and designated Hemipodia simplex as the type species. There are three main problems with this procedure. First, the correct publication dates for Kinberg contributions were revised by Hartman (1948) and the corresponding part was published in 1866, which might not have been before de Quatrefages’  publication.  Second,  the  original proposals by de Quatrefages (1865) were introduced in French without any Latin version as Hémipode de Quatrefages, 1865a(596), or as Hemipode de Quatrefages, 1865b(292). They were introduced in a long series of keys and could be regarded as nomina nuda. Being aware of this, Kinberg (1866:245) proposed “Hemipodia Quatref.” and referred to the first of the earlier proposals by de Quatrefages, which did not include descriptions or illustrations. Consequently, this new generic name is not a different genus but rather an orthographic correction, which was clearly indicated by Kinberg himself and emphasized by Grube (1870:66); we think that if this replacement name is really older than the Latin proposal of Hemipodus de Quatrefages (1866:194), then it should be cited as Hemipodia de Quatrefages in  Kinberg,  1866  (ICZN  1999:54,  Recomm. 51E). The third problem involves the type species. Kinberg (1866:245) diagnosed H. patagonica as the only species in Hemipodia, and according to article 68.3 (ICZN 1999:71), this is  the  type  species  by  monotypy.  However, de Quatrefages (1866:194) did not introduce the five species in alphabetical order and the first  species  was  H.  roseus  de  Quatrefages, 1866, which was subsequently designated by Hartman (1940:79) as the type species of Hemipodus. It is enigmatic why Böggemann thought that a new type species was needed, since there are two type species for these two generic names, but according to article 67.1.2 (ICZN 1999:66), H. simplex cannot be the type species, despite the fact that it is the senior synonym of H. patagonica Kinberg, 1866.

23.  H. simplex Grube, 1858: 177-178, Valparaiso, Callao. This species was actually described within Glycera but was introduced as “H. simplex” due to a typographic error (similarly, in his comments on the preceding species, Glycera papillosa, Grube referred to G. capitata as H. capitata). It was briefly characterized by Wesen- berg-Lund (1962:104) and redescribed by Böggemann (2002:79-81, Figs. 127-129).

Hesionidae

Oxydromus Grube, 1855. Pre-occupied by Oxydromus Schlegel, 1854 (Pleijel 1998:161; see Ophiodromus).

24.  O.  flaccidus  Grube  &  Ørsted  in  Grube, 1858:    173-174,    St.    Croix.    Pleijel (1998:162) regarded this species as nomen dubium because the type material was probably lost.
25.  O. longisetis Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1858172-173, St. Croix. Pleijel (1998:162) regarded this species as nomen dubium because the type material was probably lost.

Lumbrineridae
Lumbrineris

26.  L. brasiliensis Grube & Kröyer in Grube, 1858: 159, Rio de Janeiro, ZMB 5592 (3 syntypes). Resembles species in Scoletoma, but the genus has not been revised (L.F. Carrera-Parra, 2011, com. pers.)
27.  L. longissima Grube & Kröyer in Grube, 1858: 158, Valparaiso. Hartman (1959:329) regarded  this  species  as  an  oenonid, probably   Arabella   iricolor   (Montagu, 1804), which was described from England.

Nephtyidae
Nephtys

28.  N. imbricata Grube & Kröyer in Grube, 1858: 168, Valparaiso, ZMUC-POL-1471 (1 syntype), ZMB 1881 (1 syntype). Hartman (1959:283) regarded this species as a probable synonym of N. squamosa Ehlers, 1887, described from Southern Florida.

Nereididae
Heteronereis

29. H. caudipunctata Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1858: 166-167, St. Croix, 20 fathoms, ZMUC-POL-1494 (holotype). Hartman (1959:242) transferred this species to Nereis.
30.  H.  pannosa  Grube  &  Kröyer  in  Grube, 1858:    167-168,    Callao.    Hartman (1959:243) transferred this species to Nereis.

Nereilepas

31.  N.  callaona  Grube  &  Kröyer  in  Grube, 1858: 165-166, Callao, ZMUC-POL-1495 (holotype). Hartman (1939a:11, 1940:227, 1959:251) transferred this species to Nereis. It was recorded and briefly redescribed by Hartmann-Schröder (1960:19, 1962:107) and by Wesenberg-Lund (1962:75).
32.  N. variegata Grube & Kröyer in Grube, 1858:    164-165,    Valparaíso,    ZMUCPOL-1496 (holotype). Augener (1927:48) regarded this species as a member of Perinereis and Monro (1933a:45, Hartman 1959:251, Wesenberg-Lund 1962:83) transferred it to Pseudonereis.

Nereis

33.  N. debilis Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1858: 164, no type locality indicated. Hartman (1959:257)  transferred  this  species  to Ceratonereis.
34.  N. krebsii Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1858: 161, St. Croix, ZMUC-POL-1482 (holotype). This species should possibly be transferred to either Pseudonereis or Perinereis (Augener 1925:7). Hartman (1959:261) regarded it as indeterminable.
35.  N. marginata Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1858: 160-161, St. John, ZMUC-POL-1483  holotype). Hartman (1959:264) regarded this species as indeterminable.
36.  N. puncturata Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1858: 163, Valparaiso and St. Croix (Grube 1859:119), ZMUC-POL-1486 (1 syntype from St. Croix), ZMB 4040 (2 syntypes from Valparaíso fide Hartwich 1993:130). Hartman (1959:269) regarded this species as indeterminable.
37.  N. rigida Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1858: 162, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Redescribed by Augener  (1906:149)  on  the  basis  of Caribbean specimens.
38.  N. riisei Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1858: 162-163, Puntarenas, Costa Rica, ZMUCPOL-1487 (1 syntype). This species was redescribed by Augener (1925:6), Hartman (1940:221)  and  Monro  (1933a:43)  and was later recorded for the Caribbean fauna (Augener 1927:47, Monro 1933b:256, Hartman 1942:99, 1944:17, 1951b:46, Renaud 1956:14). However, N. glandulata Hoagland, 1919, described from Puerto Rico, should possibly be reestablished for the Caribbean forms. Hartman (1959:270) wrongly gave the Antilles as the type locality for N. riisei. The syntype in the Zoological Museum in Copenhagen is the smaller of the two specimens mentioned in the original description; the whereabouts of the larger specimen is unknown.
39.  N. vallata Grube & Kröyer in Grube, 1858: 159-160, Valparaiso, ZMUC-POL-1489 (1 syntype), ZMUC-POL-1490 (1 syntype), ZMUC-POL-1491 (1 syntype), ZMUCPOL-1492 (1 syntype), ZMUC-POL-1493 (1 syntype). Hartman (1959:272) transferred this species to Perinereis, and it was redescribed by Wesenberg-Lund (1962:79) and Bertrán (1980:84). According to the original description only four specimens were found, but the type material contains five syntypes, which were placed in separate vials and given individual catalogue numbers at the request of Robin Wilson (Museum of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia) in 1987.

Onuphidae
Diopatra

40.  D. brevicirris Grube & Kröyer in Grube, 1857: 55, Madeira.
41.  D. rhizophorae Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1857: 54, Realejo, Nicaragua, ZMUCPOL-1507 (3 syntypes).

Opheliidae
Ophelia

42. O. appendiculata Grube & Kröyer in Grube, 1859: 107, Valparaiso. Hartman (1959:432) transferred this species to Ophelina Ørsted, 1843.

Orbiniidae

43.  Porcia Grube, 1859: 105.
44. P. maderensis Grube, 1859: 105-106, Madeira.  The  genus  and  species  have been regarded as indeterminable (Hartman 1957:214).

Phyllodocidae
Phyllodoce

45.  P.  callaona  Grube  &  Kröyer  in  Grube, 1858: 170-171, Callao.
46.  P. flavescens Ørsted in Grube, 1858: 172, Puntarenas, Costa Rica, ZMUC-POL-1563 (lectotype). ZMUC-POL-1563 is not a specimen, but rather one of Ørsted’s original plates (N27), which was illustrated and designated as the lectotype by Wolff & Petersen (1991:Pl. 2, Fig. 2, Fig. 3B). Wesenberg-Lund (1962:45) regarded this species as species inquerenda.
47.  P. longicirris Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1858: 171-172, Realejo, Nicaragua. Hartman (1959:162) transferred this species to Kinbergia, which Pleijel (1991:257) regarded as a nomen dubium.
48. P. macrophthalma Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1858: 169, Realejo, Nicaragua. Hartman (1959:162) transferred this species to Kinbergia, which Pleijel (1991:257) regarded as a nomen dubium. Pleijel also considered this species to be a nomen dubium.
49.  P. puntarenae Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1858: 169-170, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Wesenberg-Lund (1962:44) regarded the species as species inquerenda.

Pisionidae

50.  Pisione Grube, 1858: 174-175.
51.  P.  örstedii  Grube,  1858:  175,  Valparaiso, ZMUC-POL-1605 (1 syntype), ZMB 3834 (2 syntypes and slide). Hartman (1939b:91, 1959:124) redescribed the species and corrected the epithet to oerstedii, whereas Hartmann-Schröder (1962:70) and  Wesenberg-Lund  (1962:39)  omitted the last letter.

Polynoidae

52.  Hermenia  Grube  &  Ørsted  in  Grube, 1857:44.
53.  H. verruculosa Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1857: 44-45, St. John, ZMUC-POL-1667 (holotype). The generic and specific names are valid (Augener 1925:4). Fauvel (1953:4) provided additional information and Ebbs (1966:500) redescribed the species. Hartman (1939a:4) recorded it from the Eastern Tropical Pacific but this might be a different species.

Polynoe

54.  P. clavata Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1857: 47-48, Christiansted and St. Croix. Hartman (1959:99) regarded this species as the same as Halosydna muelleri (see below) or  H.  parva  Kinberg,  1855,  described from Chile.
55.  P. crucis Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1857: 47, Christiansted, Virgin Islands, ZMUCPOL-1300 (2 syntypes). Transferred to Harmothoe by Augener (1925:4) and redescribed by Salazar-Silva (2010).
56.  P. exanthema Grube & Kröyer in Grube, 1857: 46, Valparaiso, ZMUC-POL-1671 (holotype). Hartman (1939b:52, 1959:100, followed by Wesenberg-Lund 1962:23) transferred this species to Harmothoe, but Hartmann-Schröder (1965:67) transferred it to Lagisca Malmgren, 1865.
57.  P. marginata Grube & Kröyer in Grube, 1857: 48, Callao.
58.  P. mülleri Grube & Kröyer in Grube, 1857: 48, Valparaíso. Hartman (1959:104) transferred this species to Halosydna, perhaps as a synonym of H. parva.
59.  P. nigrovittata Grube & Kröyer in Grube, 1857: 50. Hartman (1959:104) regarded this species as indeterminable.
60.  P. punctulata Grube & Kröyer in Grube, 1857: 49, Rio de Janeiro. Hartman (1959:105) transferred this species to Halosydnella.
61.  P.  savignyi  Grube  &  Kröyer  in  Grube, 1857:  45,  Callao.  Hartman  (1959:106) transferred this species to Lepidonotus.
62.  P. tenuisetis Grube & Kröyer in Grube, 1857: 46, Rio de Janeiro. Hartman (1959:106) regarded this species as indeterminable.
63.  P. tomentosa Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1857: 45, Puntarenas, Costa Rica, ZMUCPOL-1317 (holotype). Hartman (1959:106) transferred this species to Lepidonotus.
64.  P. variegata Grube & Kröyer in Grube, 1857: 49-50, Madeira. Hartman (1959:107) regarded this species as a junior synonym  of  P.  scolopendrina  Savigny,  1822, described from the Mediterranean Sea according to Hartman, but it was actually described from the Atlantic French coasts, which Savigny called “l’Océan”.

Sabellidae
Sabella

65.  S. brevicollaris Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1859: 112, St. Croix, Christiansted, Virgin Islands. Hartman (1959:558) regarded this species as a member of Hypsicomus Grube, 1870.
66.  S. pacifici Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1859: 113, Puntarenas, Costa Rica, ZMUCPOL-1985 (holotype). Hartman (1959:562) regarded this species as indeterminable.

Sigalionidae

67. Sigalion(?) pergamentaceum Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1857: 50-51, St. Croix. Hartman (1959:119) regarded this species as questionable.

Syllidae

68.  Amblyosyllis  Grube  &  Ørsted  in  Grube, 1858: 186.
69.  A. rhombeata Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1858: 186, St. Croix. Illustrated by Wolff and Petersen (1991:Fig. 3A).

Syllis

70.  S. brachycirris Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1858: 179, St. Croix, ZMUC-POL-920 (holotype). This species was regarded as identical to S. gracilis Grube, 1840, described from the Mediterranean Sea (Augener 1925:7; Hartman 1959:224).
71. S. breviarticulata Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1858: 179-180, St. Croix. Hartman (1959:224) regarded this species as indeterminable.
72.  S.  latifrons  Grube  &  Kröyer  in  Grube, 1858: 178-179, Callao.
73.  S.  longesegmentata  Grube  &  Ørsted  in Grube, 1858: 184-185, St. Croix.
74.  S. macroceras Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1858: 185-186, St. Croix, Christiansted, Virgin Islands. Hartman (1959:227) regarded this species as indeterminable.
75.  S.  obscura  Grube  &  Ørsted  in  Grube, 1858: 181. Hartman (1959:228) regarded this species as indeterminable.
76.  S. rubra Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1858: 180-181,   St.   Croix,   ZMUC-POL-921 (1 syntype). Augener (1925:8) regarded one  syntype  as  belonging  to  Trypanosyllis zebra Grube, 1860, described from France, and the other syntype (no longer present in the collection of the Zoological Museum in Copenhagen) was referred to Typosyllis corallicoloides Augener, 1922. This synonymy was repeated by Hartman (1959:229).
77. S. streptocephala Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1858: 181-182, St. Croix, ZMUCPOL-922 holotype).    Identical    with Haplosyllis spongicola (Grube, 1855), described from the Mediterranean Sea (Augener 1925:8; Hartman 1959:229).
78.  S. valida Grube & Kröyer in Grube, 1858: 183-184, Valparaíso, ZMUC-POL-881 (lectotype,  designated  by  F.  Licher  in 1996), ZMUC-POL-890 (1 paralectotype). Hartman (1959:231) regarded this species as indeterminable and WesenbergLund (1962:58) considered it as a species inquerenda.
79.  S.  zonata  Grube  &  Ørsted  in  Grube, 1858182-183,    St.    Croix.    Hartman (1959:231) regarded this species as indeterminable.

Terebellidae

80.  Sabellina  Dujardin,  1839.  This  genus is questionable according to Hartman (1959:566) and was regarded as indeterminable by Fauchald (1977:140); both regarded it as a member of Sabellidae, but the only illustrated species, S. brachycera, resembles a juvenile, probably abranchiate terebellid (Dujardin 1839, Pl. 7, Figs. 6-8).
81.  S. longicauda Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1859: 111, St. Croix, Christiansted, Virgin Islands. Hartman (1959:566) regarded this species as indeterminable.

Terebella

82.  T. alata Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1859: 110, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Hartman (1959:523) regarded this species as questionable.
83.  T.  comata  Grube  &  Kröyer  in  Grube, 1859:  109,  Valparaiso,  Chile,  Puntarenas, ZMUC-POL-2151 (1 syntype from Puntarenas), ZMB 1561 (lost). Hartman (1959:524) transferred this species to Thelepus Leuckart, 1849.
84.  T.  frondosa  Grube  &  Ørsted  in  Grube, 1859: 110-111, Puntarenas, Costa Rica, ZMUC-POL-2152    (holotype).    Hartman (1959:524) regarded this species as questionable.

Hirudinea
Aulacostomum

85.  A. costaricense Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1859: 114, Cartago?
86.  Centropygos  Grube  &  Ørsted  in  Grube, 1859: 115.
87.  C.  joseensis  Grube  &  Ørsted  in  Grube, 1859: 115, San José. Redescribed by Badham (1923).

Clepsine

88.  C. triserialis Grube & Kröyer in Grube,  1859: 115-116, La Plata.

Sipuncula

89.  Dendrostomum Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1859: 118.
90.  D. alutaceum Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1859:   118,   St.   Croix.   According   to WoRMS, this genus is a junior synonym of Themiste and referred to this species as T. (T.) alutacea.

Phascolosoma

91.  P. antillarum Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1859: 117-118, Puntarenas, Costa Rica, St. Croix. According to WoRMS, this species has been transferred to Antillesoma as A. antillarum.
92.  P. puntarenae Grube & Ørsted in Grube, 1859: 117, Puntarenas, Costa Rica, ZMUC-SIP-001  (2  syntypes). According to WoRMS, this species is a junior synonym of P. nigrescens (Keferstein, 1865).


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*Correspondencia:
Sergio I. Salazar-Vallejo: Depto. de Ecología Acuática, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, México; ssalazar@ecosur.mx
Danny Eibye-Jacobsen: Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; dejacobsen@snm.ku.dk
1. Depto. de Ecología Acuática, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, México; ssalazar@ecosur.mx
2. Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; dejacobsen@snm.ku.dk

Received 29-VII-2011.    Corrected 25-I-2012.    Accepted 22-II-2012.

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