More new species, new combinations and new distributions are made in the large and difficult genus Elaphoglossum in Neotropic. Ten new species are describes, this are: Elaphoglossum adrianae A. Rojas, E. betancuri A. Rojas, E. caridadae A. Rojas, E. glabromarginatum A. Rojas, E. kessleri A. Rojas, E. macdougalii A. Rojas, E. paramicola A. Rojas, E. paxense A. Rojas, E. pseudoherminieri A. Rojas and E. solomonii A. Rojas. Three species are combined, this are: Elaphoglossum beitelii (Mickel) A. Rojas, E. curvans (Kunze) A. Rojas and E. eutecnum (Mickel) A. Rojas. Finally, 86 species are reported from other countries and some species names are synonymized.

Several new species have been describes in different taxonomic works for the Neotropic in the last five years as Arens y Smith 1998 , Labiak 2000 , Lorea y Smith 1999 , Mickel 2001, Mickel y Smith 2000 , Moran 2000 , Moran y Oilgaard 1998 , Mendoza et al. 2001 , Navarrete y Ollgaard 2000 , Pacheco y Moran 1999 , Prado 2000 , Prado y Smith 2002 , Rojas 2001a , 2001b , 2001c , 2002a , 2002b , Smith et al. 2001, Tejero y Pacheco 2002 , Tuomisto y Moran 2001 .

The exhaustive studies during the last three decades have generated the description of many new species, can be appreciated in recent regional treatments for Mexico (19 new of 45; Mickel 1980 , 1981 , 1988 , 1992 , Smith 1975 ), Venezuela (35 new of 101; Mickel 1985a , 1990a , 1991a ), and Perú (51 new of 122; Mickel 1990b , 1991b ). Other papers including new species of Elaphoglossum are, Gómez 1972a , Gómez 1972b , describing six new species for Costa Rica, Mickel 1979 describing three new species from Guatemala, Mickel 1985b with 14 new species of proliferous Elaphoglossum, Mickel 1992 with 33 new species from Mesoamerica, Rojas 1996 describing 12 new species from Costa Rica and Panama and Rojas 1997 describing 14 new species from Mesoamerica.

The new species described and the new combinations are organized in sections and subsections according to the system of Mickel and Atehortúa (1980) , as indicated in Table 1 .

Botanical Garden (NY), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa (UAMIZ), University of Califomia (UC) and Smithsonian Institution (US). The names according with index herbariorum in (Anonimous 2002).

The types that I saw are indicated with admiration marks, the holotypes that I could not see are indicated with -n.s. as abbreviation of not seen. Some herbaria that probably have a specimen cited here but not revised are indicated with interrogation marks.

The countries indicated in bold represent the new distribution no previously reported, the countries indicated between quotation marks represent the known distribution of the synonyms (if this is different to valid species distribution).

A. Rojas, sp. nov. ( Fig. 1 ). Type: COSTA RICA. Cartago: Cantón de Paraíso, Parque Nacional Tapantí, Cuenca del Reventazón, Orosi, Sendero Palmitos o T6, 9º 43' 35" N, 83º 46' 28" W, 1450-1600 m, A. Rojas & R. Delgado 3793 (Holotype: INB; Isotype: CR, MO, NY, UC, US).

Ab E. curtii rhizomatis squamis longioribus; lamina linear-oblanceolatis cum basin atenuatis et crenulatis marginen, magis distantibus venis, et reddish stipitis laminaeque squamis distans.

Terrestrial; rhizomes 1.5-2 mm diam., compact; rhizorne scales 2.0-3.5 x 0.2-0.5 mm, linear-lanceolate, brown, lustrous, marginally entire; fronds (6-) 9-18 (-25) cm, approximate; phyllopodia absent; stipes 1/4-1/3 of the frond length; stipe scales 1-3 x 0.05-0.20 mm, subulate, dark reddish brown to atropurpureous, patent, lustrous, disperse, marginally dispersedly denticulate, mixed with glandular hairs; blades (4-) 12-16 x 1.2-1.8 (-2.7) cm, linear-oblanceolate (rarely narrowly elliptic), papiraceous, basically cuneate to attenuate, apically cuspidate to attenuate, marginally undulate; blade scales 2.5-4.0 x 0.2-0.5 mm, subulate, dark reddish brown to atropurpureous, lustrous, patent, dispersedly in both surfaces, marginally entire to undulate; veins evident, free, simple or rarely 1 -forked, 2-3.5 mm apart, diverging at ca. 50-60º angle from costa; hydathodes present; fertile fronds 8-14 cm; stipes 2/3-4/5 of the frond length; fertile blades 2-4 x 0.8-1.1 cm, lanceolate narrowly elliptic, basically cuneate, apically acute to acuminate; intersporangial scales 3-5 x 0.2-0.4 mm, subulate, dark reddish brown to atropurpureous, patent, lustrous, dispersed, entire margin.

Distiribution: Costa Rica and Panama, only on Cordillera de Tilarán, Cordillera Central and atlantic slope of Cordillera de Talamanca, at (850-) 1000-1900 m.

Paratypes: COSTA RICA. Alajuela: near La Laguna, 6 to 8 km S of Villa Quesada, 1200 m, A. Molina et al. 17515 (CR). Cartago: Reserva Tapantí, 1300-1800 m, L. Gómez 18838 (NY, UC), muestra mixta con E . curtii, L Gómez 19408 (UC); Paraíso, Orosí, Parque Nacional Tapantí, subiendo por Quebrada Segundo hasta la cabecera del Río Taurito, 1.800im, G. Herrera 5756 (CR); along trail leading eastward into mountains from road into Tapantí Reserve, ca. 1 km S of jct. of Quebrada Salto and Río Grande de Oros¡, 9º 43' N, 830 47'W, 1500-1800 m, A. Smith et al. 2161 (CR,UC). Guanacaste: La Cruz, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Estación Cacao, 10º 55'38" N, 85º 29'38" W, 1100 m, R. Espinoza 322 (CR, INB); Las Nubes de Tilarán, along Quebradas Valdivia and Azul, 10º 23' N, 84º 52'W, 1000- 1150 m, C. Ivey & W Haber 136 (CR); a 2 km NE de Tilarán, 850 m, A. Jiménez 1341 (CR). Heredia: Sarapiquí, Virgen del Socorro, 800-1000 m, L. Gómez 18216 (CR); along ridge between Río Sardinal and near waters of Quebrada Arrayanes, N Slope of Volcán Barva, 10º 12'N, 84º 07'W, 1850-2000 m, M. Grayum 7310 (CR); 0.51 km W of the Río Las Vueltas (Río Patria), 0.5 km NE of Cerro Chompipe, ca. 11 km NNE of Heredia, ca. 1950 m, D. Lellinger & J. White 983 (F, US); road to Volcán Barva, R. Lloyd 4127 (NY); Volcán Barva, at top of saddle, 8300 ft., R. Lloyd 4206 (NY), R. Lloyd 4211 (NY); 10 km N of San Rafael de Heredia on volcán Barva, 1950 m, J. Mickel 3017 (NY); end of the Rte. 113, where road crosses Río Patria, about 100-200 m upstream, R. Moran 3084 (F); Cerro de Las Lajas, N of San Isidro, 2000-2400 m, P. Standley & J. Valerio 51623 (US); Cerro Las Caricias, N of San Isidro, 2000-2400 m, P. Standley & J. Valerio 52123 (US); along Río Vueltas (upper Río Patria), at end of Rte. 113,9 km N of Angeles, 10º 06'N, 84º 04'W, 1900 m, R. Stolze 1624 (F). Limón: Bratsi, Amubri, Alto Lari, Kivut, siguiendo la fila divisoria entre Ríos Lari y Dapari, cuenca superior de ambos, 9º 22'45" N, 83º 06' 15" W, 1900 m, G. Herrera 5462 (INB, MO); Cantón de Talamanca, Bratsi, Amubri, Alto Lari, Kivut, siguiendo la fila divisoria entre Ríos Lari y Dapari, cuenca superior de ambos, 9º 22'45" N, 83º 06' 15" W, 1900 m, G. Herrera 5480 (INB, MO); Cantón de Limón, El Progreso, cabeceras del Río Cariei, Fila Matama, Valle de La Estrella, 9º 47' 80" N, 83º 08' 18" W, 1400 m, G. Herrera & A. Chacón 2812a (CR, INB, MO).

Puntarenas: atlantic facing ridge beyond the Monteverde Forest Reserve near road across the ridge, ca. 1 600 m, D. Lellinger et al. 1762 (US). San José: ca. 10 km N of San Rafael de Heredia, on Volcán Barva, 1 950 m, D. Lellinger 645 (US). PANAMA. Bocas del Toro/Chiriquí: trail along continental divide to ca. 3 km E of Cerro Pate Macho, 8º 49' N, 82º 23' W, 2000-2200 m, A. Smith et al. 2429 (MO), A. Smith et al. 2431 (MO).

Elaphoglossum adrianae differs of E. curtii Rosenst. in having longer (2.0-3.5 mm vs. 1 2 mm) rhizome scales; longer [4-12 (-16) vs. 26 cm] and linear-oblanceolate (vs. oblong-elliptic) blades; attenuate (vs. broadly cuneate) blade base; crenulate (vs. entire or nearly so) blade margin; veins 2.0-3.5 mm [vs. 1-2 (-3)1 apart; longer (2.5-4.0 mm vs. 2.0-2.5 mm) and atropurpureus (vs. reddish) stipe seales; and longer (2-3 mm vs. 1-2 mm) and atropurpureus (vs. reddish) blade scales.

A. Rojas, sp. nov. ( Fig. 2 ). Type: COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Mpio. San Luis, Piedra del Castrillón, Cordillera Central, ladera oriental, 6º 4.30' N, 74º 59.74' W, 1500-1700 m, J. Betancur et al. 650 (Holotype: UC).

Ab E. lepidothrix frondibus minoribus, stipitis squamis minoribus, lamina minoribus ovata cum basi truncata vel cordata diversa.

Epiphytic; rhizomes 3-5 mm diam., compact, radial; rhizome scales 3-6 x 0.3-0.5 mm, linear, dark brown, lustrous, marginally entire; fronds 7-10 cm, approximate; phyllopodia 2-4 mm; stipes 215-1/2 of the frond length; stipe scales 2-5 x 0.5-1.5 mm, ovate to lanceolate, black with brown margin, patent, lustrous, dense, long ciliate marginally and in few times medially, the cilia to 0.5 mm long; blades 3-5 x 1.82.9 cm, ovate, chartaceous, basically truncate to cordiform, apically rounded; costal scales 2-4 x ca. 1 mm, lanceolate, orange to reddish-brown, ciliate margin; blade scales 1-3 x ca. 1 mm, ovate to lanceolate, orange to reddish-brown, marginally ciliate, deciduous adaxially, more dense in the margin; blade surface darker adaxially; veins evident, free, 1-2-forked, ca. 1 mm apart; hydathodes absent; fertile fronds 9 cm; stipe ca. 3/5 of the frond length; fertile blade 4 x 0.9 cm, elliptic, basically cuneate, apically obtuse; costal scales 1-2 mm diam., ovate to skeletonized, marginally long ciliate; intersporangial scales absent.

Distribution: Apparently endemic to Colombia at 1500-1700 m. Known only from the type collection.

This species is similar to E. lepidothrix Mickel in the rhizome and blade scales, but differs in shorter (7-10 cm long vs. 12-31 cm) fronds; shorter (2-5 x 0.5-1.5 mm vs. 58 x 0.5-1.0 mm) and ovate to lanceolate (vs. linear) stipe scales; shorter (3-5 x 1.8-2.9 cm vs. 8-16 x 3.0-4.3 cm) and ovate (vs. lanceolate-oblong) blade with truncate to cordiform (vs. broadly cuneate to rounded) base.

This species is dedicated to Julio Betancur, Colombian botanist and collector of the type.

 

Elaphoglossum caridadae

A. Rojas, sp. nov. ( Fig. 3 ). Type: COSTA RICA. Cartago: Paraíso, Orosi, Estación de Biología Tropical Río Macho y alrededores, 10º 06' 20" N, 83º 50' 40" W, 1300 m, A. Rojas & L Mejía 1374 (Holotype: INB; Isotype: CR).

Ab E. cuspidato squamis rhizomatis longioribus pallidioribus, squamis stipitis costaeque rotundatis (iis stipitis basin autem lanceolatis), laminae basi plerumque longe cuneata vel atenuata, somate centrali minuto aurantiaco, necnon lamina squamis abaxialiter longius ciliatis differt.

Epiphytic; rhizomes 3-4 mm diam., shortcreeping, dorsiventral; rhizome scales 3-5 x ea. 0.5 rnm, linear-lanceolate, brown to atropurpureous, marginally ciliate-dentate, the cilia 0.3-0.5 mm long; phyllopodia 7-10 mm long; fronds 34-53 cm long; stipes 114-1/3 of the frond length; stipe scales 0.5-1 mm long (to 2.5 mm on the first 1 (-3) cm of the stipe base with scales lanceolate or linear-lanceolate), ovate to rounded, black, marginally ciliate, with long-ciliate margin and small central body; blades 1537 x 1.2-2.8 cm, linear-elliptic, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, basicaly cuneate to attenuate, apically acuminate; abaxial blade scales ea. 0.5 mm diam., rounded, peltate, stellate, concolorous, orange-yellowish to brown, with long cilia margin and small central body, persistent; adaxial blade scales 0.5-0.7 mm diam., rounded, peltate, stellate, concolorous, in two types, orange-yellowish to whitish mixed with blackish, with small to large central body; veins evident, free, simple or more commonly 1-(2) forked, ea. 1 mm apart, diverging at ea. 80º angle from costa; hydathodes absent; fertile fronds 38-44 cm long; stipes 1/3-3/5 of the frond length; fertile blades 20-25 x 0.6-1.1 cm, linear, basically cuneate to obtuse, apically acute; intersporangial scales not seen.

Distribution: Known only from Costa Rica in Valle de Orosí, at the northern extreme of the Cordillera de Talamanca at 1300-1700 m.

Paratype: COSTA RICA. Cartago: Paraíso, Valle del Reventazón, Estación de Biología Tropical Río Macho y alrededores, 9º 46' N, 83º 52'W, 1580-1700 m, A. Rojas & L Mejía 1406 (INB, MO).

This species is similar to E. cuspidatum (Willd.) T. Moore in its blade shape, dentate supe and costal scales and persistent scales on the abaxial blade, but differs in having longer (35 mm vs. 1.5-2.5 mm) and paler rhizome scales; rounded (except lanceolate on the stipc base) [vs. ovate to lanceolatel stipe and costal scales; commonly long-cuneate to attenuate (vs. widely cuneate to obtuse) blade base; and stellate (vs. ciliatc-denticulate to erose) scales with a small central body and long-ciliate margins on the abaxial blade. lt is similar to E. furfuraceum (Mett. in Kuhn) H. Christ in its rhizome scales and blade size and shape, but differs in having shorter (3-5 mm vs. 5-8 mm) and dentate (vs. subentire to deciduously dentate) rhizome scales; rounded and dentate [vs. ovate to lanceolate and ciliate-denticulatel stipe and costal scales; commonly long-cuneate to attenuate (vs. widely cuneate) blade-base, more linear blades; and persistent (vs. deciduous) abaxial blade scales.

This species is dedicated to my mother Caridad Alvarado, for her unconditional support and help.

A. Rojas, sp. nov. ( Fig. 4 ). Type: BOLIVIA. Cochabamba: Prov. José Carrasco Torrico, 112 km antigua carretera Cochabamba-Villa Tunari, 17º 08'S, 65º 38'W, 2700 m, M. Kessler et al. 6821 (Holotype: UC; Isotype: LPB?).

Ab E. albescenti frondibus longioribus, laminae basi cuneata, laminae squamis nigris sparcis, laminae fertili facie abaxiali cum margine nudum abiens.

Epiphytic; rhizome 4-8 mm diam., compact, radial; rhizome scales 1.5-3.0 x 0.20.4 mm, lanceolate, brown to blackish, marginally dentate; phyllopodia absent; fronds (35-) 50-85 cm long; stipes 1/4-2/5 of the frond length; stipe scales 2-4 x 0.3-0.6 mm, linear-lanceolate, brown, sometimes with darker center, patent, marginally dentate; blades (20-) 3060 x 4-7 cm, oblong to oblong-elliptic, papiraceous, basically cuneate, apically cuspidate; blade scales 1-3 x 0.3-0.7 mm, ovate to lanceolate, dark brown to blackish, dispersad, marginally dentate; veins 1-2-forked, ea. 2-3 mm apart, diverging at 70-80' angle from costa; hydathodes evident, dark brown to blackish; fertile fronds 37-55 cm long; stipes 3/4-4/5 of the frond length; stipe scales 1-3 x 0.3-0.7 mm, ovate to lanceolate, blackish, peltate, marginally dentate; fertile blades 10-18 x 1.8-2.8 cm, lanceolate, basically cuneate to obtuse, apeically acuminate; intersporangial scales ea. 1 mm, ovate, black, marginally dentate; blade margin without scales or sporangia in 1-2 mm marginal.

Paratypes: BOLIVIA. Cochabamba: Prov. José Carrasco Toráco, 108 km antigua carretera Cochabamba-Villa Tunari, 17º 09' S, 65º 38' W, 2950 m, M Kessler et al. 6593 (LPB?, UC); Prov. José Carrasco Torrico, 107 km antigua carretera Cochabaniba-Villa Tunad, 17º 10'S, 65º 38'W, 3050 m, M Kessler et al. 6672 (LPB?, UC); Prov. José Carrasco Torlico, 110 km antigua carretera Cochabamba-Villa Tunari, 17º 08' S, 65º 38' W, 2800 m, M Kessler et al. 6798 (LPB?, UC); Prov. José Carrasco Torrico, 115 km antigua carretera Cochabamba-Villa Tunari, 17º 08'S, 65º 38'W, 2500 m, M. Kessler et al. 6959 (LPB?, Uc).

This Species is similar to E. albescens (Sodiro) H. Christ, but its different in longer [(35-) 50-85 cm long vs. 16-40 cm] fronds; blade base cuncate (vs. broadly cuncate to rounded), black (vs. brown) abaxial blade scales and more dispersad; 1-3 m long (vs. 3-5 mm long), black (vs. blackish with brown margin) and concolorous (vs. bicolorous) costal scales; and glabrous in 1-2 mm (vs. completely covered with sporangia) fertile blade margin.

A. Rojas, sp. nov. ( Fig. 5 ). Type: BOLIVIA. Cochabamba: Prov. José Carrasco Torrico, 137 km antigua carretera Cochabamba-Villa Tunari, 17º 06' S, 65º 34'W, 1700 m, M. Kessler et al. 7345 (Holotype: UC; Isotype: LPB?).

Ab E. erinaceo stipitis squamis planata cum basi ciliata, lamina angustiari textura tenui, costa squamis minoribus planata, iis marginalisque minoribus abstat.

Epiphytic; rhizome 5-8 mm diam., compact, radial; rhizome scales 6-10 x 0.5-1.0 mm, linear-lanceolate, yellowish to brown, fiaccid, marginally entire; phyllopodia 2-5 mm; fronds (16-) 35-65 cm long; stipes ca. 1/3 of the frond length; stipe scales 2-4 x 0.4-0.6 mm, lanceolate, atropurpureous to black, dispersad, plane, with few long cilia at the base and entire apex; blades (11-) 22-43 x 2.0-3.6 cm, papiraceous, narrowly elliptic to oblong-elliptic, basically narrow to broadly cuneate, apically acuminate; costal scales same as stipe scales; abaxial blade scales 0.1-0.2 mm diam., as stellate hairs, black, few dense, with long cilia margin; adaxial blade scales same as abaxial but with shorter cilia; marginal scales 1.0-1.5 x 0.3-0.6 mm, lanceolate, dark brown, rolled, dense; veins simple to 1-forked, 1-2 mm apart; hydathodes absent; fertile fronds 25-37 cm long; stipes 2/5-213 the frond length; fertile blades 8-16 x 1.2-2.3 cm, elliptic-lanceolate, basically cuneate, apically acuminate; interporangial scales absent.

Paratypes: BOLIVIA. Chiquisaca: Sud Cinti Province, base oriental del Cerro Bufete, aprox. 200 m al E del Campamento Rinconada del Bufete, 20º 49' 49" N, 64º 22' 28" W, 2000 m, L. Arroyo et al. 917 (USZ, UC). Cochabamba: Prov. José Carrasco Torrico, 130 km antigua carretera Cochabamba-Villa Tunari, 17º 07' S, 65º 36'W, 2200 m, M. Kessler et al. 7247 (LPB?, UC).

This species is similar to E. erinaceum (Fée) T. Moore rhizome scales and blade distribution scales, but different in plane (vs. rolled) with ciliate base (vs. entire) stipe scales; narrower [2.0-3.6 cm wide vs. (4-) 5-9 (-11.5) cm] and thinner texture (papiraceous vs. chartaceous to subcoriaceous) blade; shorter (2-4 mm long vs. 3-6 mm) and plane (vs. rolled) costal scales; and shorter (1.0-1.5 mm long vs. 2-4 mm) marginal blade scales.

This species is dedicated to German ecologist Michael Kessier, collector of the type material and many others fems from Bolivia.

 

Elaphoglossum macdougalii

A. Rojas, sp. nov. ( Fig. 6 ). Type: COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Mpio. Urrao, Páramo de Prontino, between Llano Grande and Churrumblum, 6º 28' N, 76º 05' W, 3320-3550 m, J. MacDougal et al. 4339 (Holotype: MEXU; Isotype: MO).

Epiphytic; rhizorne 3-5 mm diam., compact to short creeping, dorsiventral; rhizome scales 4-7 x 0.3-0.5 mm, linear, black, lustrous, marginally entire; phyllopodia 5-10 mm long; fronds (20-) 36-55 cm long; stipes 3/5213 the frond length; stipe scales ca. 1 x 0.51.0 mm, ovate, brown, dispersad, marginally entire, mixed with resinous dots; blades (8-) 15-22 x 1.5-2.5 cm, chartaceous, narrowly elliptic to oblong-elliptic, basically cuneate, apically long acuminate; costal scales 1-2 x ca. 1 mm, ovate, pale yellowish, disperse, opaque, marginally entire to erose, basically cordate; abaxial blade scales absent or very few, with abundant resinous dots; adaxial blade scales 0.5-1.0 x 0.5-1.0 mm, pale yellowish, opaque, marginally entire to few erose; veins simple to 1-forked, 1.0-1.5 mm apart; hydathodes absent; fertile fronds 25-30 cm long; stipes 2/3-3/4 the frond length; fertile blades 8-10 x 1.4-1.7 cm, elliptic, basically cuneate, apically acute; interporangial scales absent.

Differs from E. petiolatum (SW. ) Urb. in broader (0.3-0.5 mm wide vs 0.05-0.20 mm) rhizome scales; longer [(20-) 36-55 cm long vs. (10-) 15-30 (-40) cm] fronds; longer (5-10 mm long vs. 2-3 mm) phyllopodia; longer [3/5-2/3 the frond length vs. (115-) 1/4-1/31 stipe, ovate (vs. linear-lanceolate), pale yellowish (vs. orange-yellowish) and entire to erose (vs. ciliate) costal scales. Also is similar to E. angustius Mickel in fronds shape and size, but differs in longer [3/5-2/3 the frond length vs. 1/6-1/31 stipe; entire to erose (vs. ciliate) stipe and costal seales; and resinous (vs. scaly) abaxial surface. In the entire to erose stipe and costal scales is similar to E. huacsaro (Ruíz) H. Christ, but differs in compact to short-creeping (vs. ascending) rhizome; and acuminate to caudate (vs. obtuse to rounded) blade apex.

Ab E. atrosquamato lamina ovata cum basi obtusa et apice obtusa vel rotundata divergens.

Terrestrial; rhizome 1-2 mm diam., long creeping, dorsiventral, branched each 1.5-4 cm; rhizome scales 2-5 x ca. 1 mm, linear-lanceolate, orange to brown, sometimes with blackish apex, marginally entire to oceasionally dispersad dentate; phyllopodia 8-30 mm long; fronds 4.5-11.0 cm long, 1.5-3.0 cm distant; stipes (1/2-) 2/3-3/4 the frond length; stipe scales 1-3 x ca. 1 mm, same as rhizome scales; blades (1.5-) 2.5-5.5 x (1.0-) 1.5-2.5 (-3.0) cm, coriaceous, ovate to rhomboid, basically broadly cuneate, apically obtuse to rounded, marginally commonly revolute; costal scales 0.5-2.5 mm ovate to stellate, dark brown to blackish, dentate to ciliate margin; blade scales 0.2-1.0 x 0.2-0.5 mm, deltate to stellate, dark brown to blackish, dispersad, marginally dentate to ciliate; veins simple to 1-forked, ca. 1 mm, apart, diverging at 65-70º from costa; hydathodes absent; fertile fronds 8-13 cm long; stipes ca. 3/4 the frond length; fertile blades 2-4 x 1-2 cm, ovate to rhomboid, basically cuneate to obtuse, apically obtuse to rounded; interporangial scales absent.

This species is similar to E . atrosquamatum Mickel in creeping rhizome, black and dense rhizome scales and shorter fronds, but is distinct in branched (vs. not branched) rhizome, fronds 1-5-3.0 cm distant (vs. 0.5-1.5 cm), ovate (vs. elliptic) blade, with broadly cuneate (vs. attenuate) base and obtuse to rounded (vs. acuminate) apex. Also is similar to E. affine (M. Marten et Galeotti) T. Moore in its creeping rhizome and blade size, but differs in longer (2-5 vs. 2-3 mm) and linear-lanceolate (vs. ovate) rhizome scales with blackish apex (vs. blackish center); ovate to rhomboid (vs. elliptic), basically broadly cuneate (vs. cuneate) and apically obtuse to rounded (acute to obtuse) biades; and bigger (0.2-1.0 x 0.2-0.5 mm vs. 0.2-0.4 mm diam.) and dark brown to blackish (vs. orange-yellowish) blade scales.

A. Rojas, sp. nov. ( Fig. 8 ). Type: BOLIVIA. La Paz: Nor Yungas Province, 10 km NE of Chuspipata on the road to Coroico, 16º 16' S, 67º 47' W, 2300 m, J. Solomon 14954 (Holotype: F; Isotypes: UC, MO).

Hac combinatione distinguendum: lamina lanceolata, textura crassiori, laminae basi truncata, hydathodiis manifestis induto.

Epipetric; rhizome 5-7 mm diam., compact, ascending; rhizome scales 1-3 x ca. 1 mm, ovate, yellowish to brown, marginally entire; phyllopodia absent; fronds (16-) 25-33 cm long; stipes 2/9-2/5 the frond length; stipe scales 1-2 x ca. 0.5-1.0 mm, ovate, brown, opaque, dispersed, marginally entire; blades 12-21 x 4-7 cm, lanceolate, chartaceous to spongiosus, basically truncate equilateral to inequilateral, apically acute to acuminate; costal scales 1-2 x 0.51 mm, ovate, brown, dispersad, marginally entire to erose; blade scales 0.5-1 x 0.2-0.4 mm, ovate, light brown, dispersad, basically erose to ciliate; veins few evident, simple to l-forked, 12 mm apart, diverging at 60-70º from costa; hydathodes very evident, black; fertile fronds 25-36 cm long; stipes 2/3-3/4 the frond length; fertile blades 9-12 x 2.3-2.7 cm, lanceolate to lanceolate-oblong, basically truncate to cordiforin, apically acute; interporangial scales ca. 1 mm, ovate to rounded, dispersad, marginally ciliate.

A. Rojas, sp. nov. ( Fig. 9 ). Type: PANAMA. Darién: Cerro Pirre Massif, ridge trail up from Cana, 700-900 m, R. Moran 5083 (Holotype: F; Isotype: MO).

E. herminieri rhizomatis squamis minoribus, stipitis squamis margine integra, lamina lineari vel lineari-oblanceolata angustiori, laminae squamis minoribus diversa.

Epiphytic; rhizome 3-5 mm diam., compact, dorsiventral; rhizome scales 5-10 x ca. limm, linear, yellowish to gold, marginally enfire to dispersedly long ciliate; phyllopodia 13 mm (not visible for the seales); fronds 30-75 cm long; stipes absent or less than 1/1 5 (rarely to 1/6) the frond length; stipe scales 1.5-4.0 x ca. 0.1-0.2 mm, linear to subulate, dark brown, dispersad, marginally entire; blades 28-70 x 0.72.2 cm, linear to linear-oblanceolate, chartaceous to spongiosus, blue-green, basically attenuate, apically acuminate, margin revolute; blade scales absent or, 0. 1-0.3 mm diam., deltate to stellate, orange, dispersad, marginally ciliate; veins no evident; hydathodes absent; fertile fronds not seen.

Paratypes: PANAMA. Darién: Cerro Pirre Massif, ridge trail up from Cana, 700-900 m, R. Moran 5085 (F, MO), R. Moran 5089 (F, MO).

Is similar to E. herminieri (Bory ex Fée) T. Moore in frond size and blue-green blade, but E pseudoherminieri have shorter (5-10 mm long vs. 15-40 mm) and yellowish to gold (vs. orange) rhizome seales, entire (vs. dentate to ciliate) stipe scales, narrower (0.7-2.2 cm wide vs. 1.7-4.0 cm) and linear to linear-oblanceolate (vs. linear-elliptic) blade, and smaller (0. 1 0.3 mm diam. vs. 0.2-1.0 x 0.2-0.5 mm) blade scales.

A. Rojas, sp. nov. ( Fig. 10 ). Type: BOLIVIA. La Paz: Murillo Province, Valle del Río Zongo, 36.7 km al N (abajo) de La Cumbre, ca. 2 km al N de la Planta Hidroeléctrica Chururaqui, 16º 05' S, 68º 03' W, 1800 m, J. Solomon 18827 (Holotype: UC; Isotype: LPB?, MO).

Ab E. cordifolio rhizomatis squamis minoribus, frondibus minoribus, stipitis squamis sparcis, lamina ovata, fronde fertili iis sterilibus breviori differt.

Epipetric; rhizome 2-3 mm diam., compact, dorsiventral; rhizome scales 2-3 x 0.2-0.4 mm, linear-lanceolate, atropurpureous to black, lustrous, marginally entire; phyllopodia 1-3 mm long; fronds (3.5-) 6.0-15.0 cm long; stipes 2/53/4 the frond length; stipe scales 2-4 x 0.20.4 mm, linear, rolled, atropurpureous to black, patent, dispersad, marginally entire, mixed with hairs 0.1-0.2 mm, glandular, yellowish; blades (2-) 4-9 x (1.5-) 2.0-3.0 cm, ovate, papiraceous, basically cordiform, apically acute to acuminate; abaxial blade scales 0.1-0.3 mm diam., stellated to arachnoid, black, dispersad, margin long ciliate; costal and marginal scales 1-2 x 0.1-0.3 mm, linear, rolled, atropuipureous to black, dense, marginally denticulate, mixed with glandular hairs; adaxial blade surface only with glandular hairs; veins 1-2-forked (rarely simple), 1.5-2.0 mm apart; hydathodes absent; fertile fronds 3-10 cm long; stipes 3/5-4/5 the frond length; fertile blades 0.7-2.5 x 0.5-1.2 cm, ovate to lanceolate, basically cordiforin, apically acute to obtuse; interporangial scales absent, with scales only on costa; blade margin without scales or sporangia in 1 mm marginal.

Paratypes: BOLIVIA. Cochabamba: Incayaita, Pocona, 3 000 m, J. Steinbach 8675 (F). Unduavi: Nord Yungas, 3 200 m, 0. Buchtien 415 (F).

This species differs from E cordifolium by shorter (2-3 nun long vs. 4-7 mm) rhizome scales, shorter [(3.5-) 6.0-15.0 cm long vs. 12-25 cm) fronds, dispersad (vs. dense) stipe scales, ovate (vs. lanceolate) blade, and fertile fronds shorter than the sterile (vs. longer than the sterile).

(Mickel) A. Rojas, st. nov. E. crispatum Mickel var. beitelii Mickel, Brittonia 39 (3): 316. 1987. Type: Venezuela, Amazonas, J. Beitel 85133 (Holotype: NY!; Isotype: MO!).

Distribution: Previously known only from Venezuela, but now also from Colombia.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Comisaría del Putumayo, above Sibundoy, 2500 m, A. Alston 8368 (MO).

(Kunze) A. Rojas, comb. nov. Acrostichum curvans Kunze, Linnaea 9: 30. 1834. Lectotype: Perú, Parnpayaco, E. Poeppig 1115 (MO!). (designated here).

Elaphoglossum nigrocostatum Mickel, Brittonia 39: 322. 1987. Type: Venezuela, Táchira, J. Steyennark & R. Liesner 118270 (Holotype: MO).

Distribution: Previously known from "Venezuela" and Perú, but now also from Colombia and Ecuador.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Valle del Sombrerito, 1400 m, L. André 2330 (F). Antioquia: Mpio. Urrao, Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquídeas, Vereda Calles, margen derecha con el Río Calles, 6º 32'N, 76º 19'W, 1450-1500 m, J. Pipoly et al. 17347 (MO); Cauca: Yumbo, S. Herrera 879 (F); Parque Nacional Munchique, km 50-55 along road above Uribe, 1875- 2256 m, J. Luteyn et al. 7482 (NY); Morales S of Morales, 1680-1720 m, E Pennell & E. Killip 8297 (US); Mpio. Ciclito, West Cordillera, 1600 m, Xhyander 2384 (F). Cundinamarca: carretera entre Aguabonita y Fusagasuga, 2000 m, J. Duque 3306 (MEXU). El Valle: La Cumbre, Cordillera Occidental, 1600-1800 m, E. Killip 5677 (NY), 1700-2200 m, E. Killip 5690 (NY, US). Huila: La Plata, 2800 m, K. Sneidem 2166 (NY). Nariño: Río San Juan near junction of Río San Juan drainage, Río Puelmambi, 1540 m, J. Ewan 16045 (UC). San Francisco: Corregimiento Aquitamia, 1150-1250 m, Fonnegra et al. 4345 (MO). Santa Marta: H. Smith 11337 (MO). Santander Norte: along road between Pamplona and Chorro Colorado, Via Chiquira at km 128, marker, 7º 22' N, 72º 38' W, 2.580 m, T Croat 56412 (MO, NY). ECUADOR. Cerro "Ilalo", M. Acosta 14054 (F). Carchi: Maldonado, 1500 m, M. Madison 3908 (NY); Carretera entre Maldonado y Chical, frontera con Colombia, 0º 56' N, 78º 08' W, 1500 m, W Palacios & Rubio 7265 (MO, QCNE?, UC). Loja: trails ca. 5 km ENE of San Pedro de Vilcabamba, from "El Bosque" to Quebrada Romerillos and Banderilla, 4º 14' S, 79º 10'W, 2000-2200 m, B. Ollgaard & H. Navarrete 105956 (AAU?, NY, QCA?). Morona-Santiago: Morona Cantón, near city of Macas, 2º 20'S, 78º 08'W, 1100 m, A. Fay & L Fay 4083 (MO, UC). Napo: Quijos Cantón, Baeza, 0º 30' S, 77º 50" W, 2000 m, A. Fay & L Fay 2658 (MO); El Chaco Cantón, on the Baeza-Lago Agrio road, tum E to the bridge over Río Quijos to Sala Honda, near the bridge, 0º 24' S, 77º49' W, 1 560 m, A. Fay & L Fay 3905 (MO); Archidona Cantón, Southern slopes of Volcán Sumaco, along Hollín-Loretp road, 0º 35' S, 77º 40' W, 1200 m, R. Moran & Rohrbach 5163 (MO, UC), R. Moran & Rohrbach 5171 (MO, UC). Pichincha: km 10 Nono-Tandayapa, 2320 m, C. Dodson & W Clendenin 10754 (F); Quito-Santo Domingo via Chiriboga, km 30, 2950 m, C. Dodson & W Clendenin 10868 (F); Quito-Santo Domingo via Chiriboga, km 82,1400 m, C. Dodson & W Clendenin 10981 (F).

(Mickel) A. Rojas, st. nov. Elaphoglossum boryanum (Fée) T. Moore var. eutecnum Mickel, Brittonia 37 (3): 266. 1985. Type: Trinidad, Tucuche, Britton et al. 1300 (Holotype: NY!; Isotype: NY).

Distribution: Previously known from Venezuela, Granada, Guadalupe, Monserrat and Trinidad, but now also from Colombia.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Nariño: Mpio. Ricaurte, Corregimiento de Altaquer, 13-16 km W de Ricaurte, ca. 1º 14-14' N, 78º 1-3'W, 1045-1175 m, H. Churchill et al. 18313 (NY).

(Mart.) T. Moore, Index Fil. 4. 1857. Acrostichum acrocarpum Mart., Icon. PI. Crypt. 85, t. 23. 1834.

E. gamboanum A. Rojas, Brenesia 47-48:3. 1997. Type: Costa Rica, Limón, A. Rojas et al. 2364 (Holotype: INB!; Isotypes: CR!, MO, NY, US).

Distribution: Previously known from "Mexico", "Costa Rica", Venezuela and Brazil, but now also from Ecuador and Perú.

Material of new distribution: ECUADOR. Zamora-Chinchipe: New road Loja-Zamora, trail to Podocarpus patch at Quebrada del Diablo, 2000-2400 m, H. Werff & W Palacios 9253 (MO, UC). PERU. Junín: Satipo, Gran Pajonal, E of Chequitavo on trail to Kotampaz, 10º 45' S, 74º 23'W, D. Smith 6733 (MO, UC).

The Mexican specimen (J Rzedowsky & R. McVaugh 10, ENCB) is different from others because the fertile fronds scales are orange-yellowish (vs. blackish).

Atehortúa ex Mickel, Fieldiana Bot., n. s. 27: 122. 1991. Type: Perú, San Martín, Zepelacio, near Moyobainba, G. Klug 3330 (Holotype: US!; Isotypes: BM, MO!, NY!).

Distribution: Previously known only from Perú, but now also from Ecuador.

Material of new distribution: ECUADOR. Napo: Cantón Putumayo, Río Aguarico, town on Dureno, 1500 ft., T Plowman et aL 4017 (US).

 

Elaphoglossum ambiguum

(Mett. ex H. Christ) Alston, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 48: 234. 1958. Acrostichum ambiguum Mett. ex H. Christ, Neue Denkschr. Allg. Schweiz. Ges. Gesammten Naturwiss. 36: 60. 1899. Type: Venezuela, A. Fendler 283 (US!).

Distribution: Previously known from Panama?, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia, but now also from Perú and Brazil.

Material of new distribution: PERU. Cundinamarca: Contumazá, Bosque Cachil, 2 500 m,

A. Sagástegui et al. 15907 (F). BRAZIL. Paraná: Jáguariahyva su Silvila, 760 m, R Dusén s. n. (F).

Grayum (pers. comm.) think that this species is not valid (art. 34 of Intemational Code of Botanical Nomenclature) because was published as a synonym of Acrostichum flaccidum, on this case is necessary a new name for this species.

(Fée) T. Moore, Index Fil. 5. 1857. Acrostichum andicola Fée, Mém. Foug., Hist. Acrostich. 2: 28, t. 2, F. 1. 1845.

Distribution: Previously known from Costa Rica, Colombia and Venezuela, but now also from Ecuador, Perú and Bolivia.

Material of new distribution: ECUADOR. Galápagos Island, Albemarie Island, 3150 ft., A. Stewart 775 (US). Bolivar: Simiatug, Had. Talahua, 2300 m, C. Williarn & R. Summers 656 (F). Cotopaxi: W and N of Pilaló, on Quevedo-Latacunga road, 0º 56' S, 76º W, 2350-2450 m, L. Holm et al. 3394 (AAU?, UC); around Pilalo, 0º 57' S, 79º 02' W. 2400 m, L. Holm & S. Jeppesen 1368 (F). PERU. Amazonas: Luya, Jaipe, Fundo El Paraíso, 1780 m, C. Díaz & J. Campos 3616 (MO); ca. 12-18 trail km E of La Peca in Serranía de Bagua, 1800-1950 m, A. Gentry et al. 22886 (F); Prov. Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla. west side, 45 km above Balsas, midway on the road to Leimebamba, 3100 m, P Hutchison & J. Kennet 5796 (F, MO, UC). Cajamarca: Prov. Cutervo, La Pucarilla, entre Socota y San Andrés, 2500 m, L Sánchez et al. 5991 (F). Cusco: Urubamba, Machu Pichu, on a hillside above the Río Mandor, 3 km from km 114 of the Urubamba Railroad, 2450 m, B. Peyton S. Peyton 1304 (MO). Junin: Tarma, Agua Dulce, 1 900 m, Woytkowski 35437 (UC). Pasco: Oxapampa, San Alberto, Cordillera de Yanachaga, 2300-2500 m, H. Werff et aL 8426 (MO). BOLIVIA. Cochabamba: Prov. José Caffasco Torrico, 8 km de Empalme hacia Siberia, 17º 46' S, 64º 48' W, 2900 m, M. Kessler et al. 9191 (LPB?, UC). La Paz: North Yungas Prov., off the La Paz- Yolosa Road, along road, about 1 km E of Cotapata Gas Station, and on a trail on left (from La Paz), roughly north, 16º 17' N, 67º 50' W, 3200 m, A. Fay & L. Fay 2995 (MO).

 

Elaphoglossum angustius

 

Mickel, Fieldiana Bot., n. s. 27: 124. 1991. Type: Perú, San Martín, Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, G. Klug 3503 (Holotype: NY!;Isotypes: F!, GH, K).

Distribution: Previously known from Perú and Bolivia, but now also from Colombia, Ecuador and Brazil.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Duult 2462 (F). ECUADOR. Carchi: environs of Chical, 12 km below Maldonado on the Río San Juan, 1º 04'N, 78º 17'W, 1200 m, M. Madison et al. 4183 (F, SEL?). BRAZIL. Rondonia: along Río Dos Pacoás Novas, just above and below the first Cachoeira, ca. 220 m, W Anderson 12274 (F).

 

Elaphoglossum atrobarbatum

Mickel, Novon 2: 368. 1992. Type: Panama, Panamá, L Valdespino & J. Aranda 167 (Holotype: NY!; Isotype: UC!).

Distribution: Previously known only from Panama, but now also from Colombia.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Mpio. San Francisco, Corregimiento Aquitamia, 1150-1250 m, Fonnegra et al. 4345 (MO).

 

Elaphoglossum atrorubens

Mickel, Brittonia 39- 314. 1987. Type: Venezuela, Mérida, L. Ruiz and M. López 1754 (Holotype: NY!).

Distribution: Previously known only from Venezuela, but now also from Colombia and Ecuador.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Cauca: Parque Nacional Nevado del Huila, ca. 23-31 km E of Tocueyo, 3º 2'N, 76º 2' W, 3075-3300 m, J. Luteyn et al. 10324 (NY). ECUADOR. Napo: Oyacachi, 5 km después del paso, 0º 12'S, 78º 06'W, 3500 m, H. Navarrete 1373 (AAU?, NY, QCA?), H. Navarrete 1402 (AAU?, NY, QCA?). Pichincha: Ruminahui Cantón, Bosque Protector Pasochoa, linea de cumbre de Pasochoa, 0º 22' S, 78º 27'W, 3870-3900 m, Cerón & Alarcón 12337 (QCNE?, MO).

 

Elaphoglossum atrosquamatum

Mickel, Brittonia 39: 315. 1987. Type: Venezuela, Táchira, J. Steyennark et aL 98348A (Holotype: NY!; Isotype: MO!).

Distribution: Previously known from Colombia, Venezuela and Perú, but now also from Costa Rica and Domincan Republic.

Material of new distribution: COSTA RICA. Cartago: Cantón de Paraíso, investigation area of the CATIE, 9º 33'30" N, 83º 41' 30" W, 2600-2700 m, J. Bittner 142 (CR); southern slopes of Volcán Turrialba, near the finca del Volcán Turrialba, 2000-2400 m, R Standley 35252 (US), P. Standley 35253 (US), P. Standley 35310 (US); Volcán Turrialba, 3.300 m, A. Torres 24 (US), A. Torres 134 (US). Limón: Cordillera de Talamanca, southwestern foot of Cerro Kámuk, 9º 16' N, 83º 02' 30" W, 3200-3350 m, G. Davidse et al. 25953 (CR, MO, UC). Cartago/San José: Cantones de Paraíso/Pérez Zeledón, Carretera Interamericana, entre Cerro Estaquero y la entrada a las torres, 9º 33'35" N, 83º 45'25" W, 3100-3300 m, A. Rojas 4522 (INB); road from Cartago to San Isidro del General (Pan American HWY, Rt 2), km 87-88, ca 1 km NW of Asunción, 3200 m, A. R. Smith & T Béliz 2021 (UC); Interamerican Hwy., ca. 1.5 km NW of Restaurant La Georgina, 3100 m, J. Utley & K. Utley 2967 (CR). San José: Cerro Chirripó, SW slopes, along trail from Canaán to summit, nr. La Caverna, 9800-10300 ft., A. Evans et al. 88 (US). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. La Vega, ca. 13 km from Valle Nuevo on road to San José de Ocoa, 2 500 m, G. Gastony et al. 717 (US).

 

Elaphoglossum auricomum

(Kunze) T. Moore, Index Fil. 7. 1857. Acrostichum auricomum Kunze, Linnaea 9:28. 1834. Type: Perú, Poeppig s. n. (fragm. P!).

Distribution: Previously known from Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia and La Española, but now also from French Guyana.

Material of new distribution: FRENCH GUYANA: Mont Atachi Bacca: Région de I'Inini, cam 11, 3º 33'N, 53º 55'W, 500 m, G. Cremers et al. 1989 (B?, CAY?, MO, NY, P?, U?, US), G. Cremers et al. 10161 (B?, CAY?, MO, NY, P?, U?, S?).

 

Elaphoglossum balansae

C. Chr., Index Fil. 303. 1905. Type: Paraguay, B. Balansa 390 (Holotype: P-n.s.).

Elaphoglossum tenerum (Baker) H. Christ, Mon. Elapho.: 62. 1899. Acrostichum tenerum Baker, J. Bot. 302. 1878. (no Kunh, Linnaea 36: 52. 1869).

Distribution: Previously known from Brazil and Paraguay, but now also from Colombia. (probably also in Venezuela).

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Mpio. Urrao, Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquídeas, Quebrada Honda, en el filo al NW de la Cabaña Calles, 6º 27' N, 76º 14'W, 1330 m, J. Pipoly et al. 16933 (JAUM?, MO); Mpio. Urrao, zona limitrofe del Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquídeas, Vereda Calles, Alto de Palmitas, ca. 1 km de la Cabaña de Calles del INDERENA, 6º 32' N, 76º 19' W, 1300-1400 m, J. Pipoly et al. 17456 (JAUM?, MO), J. Pipoly et al. 17502 (JAUM?, MO), J. Pipoly et al. 17521 (JAUM?, MO); Mpio. Urrao, Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquídeas, Vereda Calles, 6º 32' N, 76º 19' W, 1350-1450 m, J. Pipoly et al. 17741 (JAUM?, MO).

 

Mickel, Novon 2: 369. 1992. Type: Panama, Chiriquí, J. Dwyer & W Hayden 7706 (Holotype:NY!; Isotype: MO!).

Distribution: Previously known only from Panama, but now also from Venezuela.

Material of new distribution: VENEZUELA. Trujillo: road to peak above Bocono Mun. Park, 9000 ft., A. Fay 1602 (MO), A. Fay 1603 (MO); Páramo de Guaramacal, F Ortega 2632 (MO); al S de Boconó, en la vertiente N de Guaramacal, en los alrededores de la Laguna de los Cedros, en la toma de agua de INOS, E Ortega et aL 2957 (MO); Boconó, 22 km SE of Boconó, road to Guaramacal, ca. 9º 12' N, 70º 10' W, 2300 m, A. Smith et aL 1526 (MO, UC).

 

Elaphoglossum burchellii

(Baker) C. Chr., Index Fil. 304. 1905. Acrostichum burchellii Baker, Syn. Fil. 401. 1868. Type: Brazil, W Burchell 5155 (Holotype: K!).

Distribution: Previously known from Colombia and Brazil, but now also from Costa Rica Venezuela, Perú and Dominan Republic.

Material of new distribution: COSTA RICA. Puntarenas: Buenos Aires, Cordillera de Talamanca, Río Kuiyé, near by the camp upstream, 9º 17'30" N, 83º 16'00" W, 1530 m, J. Bittner 1722 (CR, MO, NY); Buenos Aires, Escalera, camino a Olán, 9º 15' 50" N, 83º 13' 30" W, 1600 m, M. Valerio 64 (CR, MO). San José: San Pablo, Cerro Abejonales, M. Chavarría & G. Herrera 24 (MO). VENEZUELA. H. Cristiana 13563 (F). PERU. Amazonas: Bangara, 8 km above Pedro Ruiz (Jazan) on road to Pomacocha, 5º 55' S, 77º 55' W, 1500-1600 m, S. Knapp & Alcorn 7550 (MO). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. M. Coneja s. n. (US).

Elaphoglossum castaneum

(Baker) Diels, Nat. Pflanzenfam 1: 333. 1899 . Acrostichum castaneum Baker, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 15: 166. 1877. Type: Ecuador, Corazón, L. Sodiro s. n. (Holotype: K-n.s.; Isotypes: B, S, US!).

Distribution: Previously known from Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú and Bolivia, but now also from Venezuela.

Material of new distribution: VENEZUELA. Táchira: Montaña of Río Táchira at base of Páramo de Tamá, between Betania and Tamá, by Colombian-Venezuelan boundary, 2 430 m, J. Steyermark 57179 (F).

 

Elaphoglossum chloöides

Mickel, Fieldiana Bot. n. s. 27: 127. 1991. Type: Perú, Ayacucho, E. Killip & A. Smith 22391 (Holotype: NY!; Isotype: US!).

Distribution: Previously known only from Perú, but now also from Ecuador.

Material of new distribution: ECUADOR. Pichincha: Calacali-Nanegalito road, 8º 0' S, 78º 35' W, 1850 m, Billier & Jadin 6735 (BR, MO).

 

Elaphoglossum chrysopogon

Mickel, Brittonia 39: 316. 1987. Type: Venezuela, Aragua, A. Fendler 279 (Holotype: NY!; Isotype: MO!).

Distribution: Previously known only from Venezuela, but now also from Colombia.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Cundinamarca: 7 km NNW of Sibate, 2 530 m, R. Tryon & A. Tryon 6091 (GH, US). Norte de Santander: Páramo del Hatico, in route from Toledo to Pamplona, about 2900 m, E. Killip & A. Smith 20689 (UC, US).

 

Elaphoglossum cinctum

Rosenst., Fedde Rep. 25: 63. 1928.

Distribution: Previously known from Colombia, Perú and Bolivia, but now also from Panama.

Material of new distribution: PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: Oleoducto Road, near continental divide, Fortuna Dam area, 8º 48' N, 82º 12'W, 1000 m, H. Churchill et al. 4612 (MO); along trail on divide separating Chiriquí and Bocas del Toro, 8º 45' N, 82º 15' W, G. McPherson 7239 (MO). Chiriquí: Fortuna Dam area, near forestry experiment station, S of Lake, 8º 45' N, 82º 15' W, 1150 m, G. McPherson 7872 (MO); slopes NW of confluence of Río Homito and Río Chiriquí, ca. 8º 44' N, 82º 13'W, 1050-1100 m, W Stevens 18358 (MO). Panamá: 2.4 ml. beyond Cerro Jefe, on road to Altos de Pacora, 800-1000 m, T Croat 22656 (F, MO).

Any specimens of Perú have been confused and bat identified as E. elegantipes Mickel, but the first species belong to at the Section Polytrichia Subsection Hybrida and the second species belong to the Section Elaphoglossum Subsection Pachyglossa.

 

Elaphoglossum corderoanum

(Sodiro) H. Christ, Monogr. Elapho. 81. 1899. Acrostichum corderoanum Sodiro, Crypt. Vasc. Quit. 470. 1893. Tipo: Ecuador, Pichincha, Ríobamba, L. Sodiro s. n. (HT: Q? or K?).

Distribution: Previously known only from Ecuador, but now also from Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia.

Material of new distribution: COSTA RICA. Alajuela: Quisarrá, above lechería on Volcán Poás, 7 500 ft., H. Stork 3371 (UC). Cartago: Cantón de Paraíso, Investigation Area of the CATIE, 9º 33' 30" N, 83º 41' 30" W, 2600-2700 m, J. Bittner 156 (NY), J. Bittner 180 (NY); Irazú W, 2000 m, L Brade 184 (NY, UC); E of Irazú, 9500 ft., C. Lankester 2078 (US); El Guarco, Reserva Forestal Río Macho, Cordillera de Talamanca, Tres de Junio, San Isidro, 9º 40'50" N, 83º 51' 10" W, 2670 m, A. Rojas 329 (INB); Cordillera de Talamanca, cerca de Villa Mills, Merz 218 (CR); S slope of Volcán de Turrialba, near the finca del Volcán de Tunialba, 2400-2600 m, P Standley 35349 (US); E of Irazú , 9 500 feet, H. Stork 2078 (UC); San Cristóbal Road, SW of Cartago, 8000 ft., H. Stork 2192 (UC); Cerro Cuericí, 3010 m, Y. Widmer 414 (NY). Cartago/San José: Cerro de La Muerte, Pensión Georgina, T Croat 850 (CR); along Int. Hwy., ca. 15-20 km SE by road to El Empalme, ca. 2 600 m, D. Lellinger & J. White 1171 (US); at km 60 on Pan American Hwy., S of San José, on road to San Isodro del General, R. Lloyd 4260 (NY); slope behind Hotel La Georgina, 8100 ft., R. Lloyd 4270 (NY); Interamerican Hwy., vicinity of Villa Mills and 1 km NW (vicinity of Hotel La Georgina), 2800-2900 m, J. Mickel 2180 (NY). Puntarenas: Dota, camino a Providencia de Dota, entrando por Ojo de Agua, frente al Restaurant Chespiritos, 9º 37' 00" N, 83º 49' 10" W, 2500-2950 m, A. Rojas & M. Coto 2730 (CR, INB, MO, NY, US, UC); carretera de Cartago a San Isidro del General (Carretera Interamericana), km 96-97, aprox., a 1,5 km de Villa Mills (cerca de Siberia), 2900 m, A. Smith 2052 (CR, UC); km 69, or 18 km SE of El Empalme, 2 600 m, A. Smith & T Béliz 2095 (CR, MO, UC?). San José: Cerro Chirripó, SW slopes along ridge trail from Canaán to surmit, 8 500-1 000 ft., A. Evans et al. 85a (US); Cerro de La Muerte, near Villa Mills, C. Seidenschnur 226 (NY), C. Seidenschnur 242 (NY); road from Cartago to San Isidro del General (Pan American Hwy., Rte. 2), km 96-97, ca. 1.5 km S of Villa Mills (near Siberia), 2 900 m, A. Smith & T Béliz 2052 (UC); San Cristóbal road, 8000 ft., H. Stork 2192 (US). PANAMA. Chiriquí: above Guadalupe, ca. 2 km N of Cerro Punta, 8º 52'N, 82º 33'W, 2200 m, R Maas & R. Dressler 4852 (MO, U?). Above Camp Aguacatal, E slope of Chiriquí Volcano, 2400-2500 m, W Maxon 5297 (US). COLOMBIA. Cundinamarca: Macizo de Sumapáz, Cuchilla La Rabona, 3900-3950 m, S. Diaz et aL 2886 (COL, MO).

 

Elaphoglossum correas

Mickel, Novon 2: 372. 1992. Type: Costa Rica, Heredia, R. Lloyd 4284 (Holotype: NY!).

Distribution: Previously known from Costa Rica and Panama, but now also from Befize.

Material of new distribution: BELIZE. Toledo: Southern Maya Mountains, Blade nature Reserve, trail from Central Snake, Creek Camp to Roochire Selipan Archeological site, 16º 27'48" N, 88º 58'42" W, 450 m, G. Davidse & A. Buchanan 36941 (MO); Maya Mountains, Richardson Peak, 16º 36' N, 88º 47' W, 800-920 m, muestra mixta con Elaphoglossum sp., G. Davidse & A. Brant 32241 (MO), G. Davidse & A. Brant 32242 (MO).

 

Elaphoglossum crassipes

(Hieron.) Diels, Nat. Pfl. 1: 334. 1899. Acrostichum crassipes Hieron., Engl. Jahrb. 22: 409. 1896.

Distribution: Previously known from Argentina and Paraguay, but now also from Bolivia.

Material of new distribution: BOLIVIA. Yungas: A. Bang 260 (F), A. Bang 434 (F).

 

Elaphoglossum crispatum

Mickel, Brittonia 39: 316. 1987. Type: Venezuela, Mérida, A. Smith 954 (UC!).

Distribution: Previously known only from Venezuela, but now also from Colombia.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Santa Marta: Sierra de Maca, 4000-5000 ft., H. Werff & Ortíz 5918 (Holotype: MO; Isotype: MO).

 

Elaphoglossum decursivum

Mickel, Brittonia 32: 334. 1980. Type: Mexico, Oaxaca, J. Mickel 6417 (Holotype: NY!; Isotypes: ENCB, NY, UC, US!).

Distribution: Previously known from Mexico, Guatemala and Costa Rica, but now also from Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia, Haití and Santo Domingo.

Material of new distribution: BELIZE. Toledo: Southem Maya Mountains, Bladen Nature Reserve, ridge just S of the main divide of the Maya Mountains, Augusta Divide Camp, G. Davidse & D. Holland 36729 (MEXU); Southern Maya Mountains, Bladen Nature Reserve, West Snake Creek, 16º 27' 24" N, 89º 01'01" W, 500 m, D. Holland & Kid 90 (MO); along divide of Maya Mountains, Bladen Nature Reserve, Medium Height, 16º 31'N, 88º 57'W, 950-1000 m, B. Holst et aL 5204 (NY); Columbia River Forest Reserve, Lettie Quartz Ridge, SW slopes, NE of Camp 1, 16' 23' 25" N, 89- 06' 40" W, 800-850 m, B. Holst 5924 (SEL, MO). HONDURAS. Comayagua: near El Achote, hills above pains of Siguatepeque, 1350 m, T Yuncker et al. 5977 (NY, UC, US). Francisco Morazán: Cerro Uyuca, 16502 000 m, C. Morton 7189 (MO). NICARAGUA. Zelaya: Costado S del Cerro La Pimienta, N del Cerro Homiguero, a orillas del Caño Hormiguero, 13º 44' 45" N, 84º 59' 45" W, 800-900 m, A. Grijalva 297 (CR, HNMN?, MO); Caño El Hormiguero, ca. 13º 46' N, 84º 59' W, ca. 750-800 m, J. Pipoly 5922 (CR, MO). PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: along road between Gualaca and Chiriquí Grande, 6.6 ml N of middle of bridge over Fortuna Lake, 8º 45' N, 82º 18' W, 780 m, T Croat 66766 (MO). Chiriquí: 2.5 km from Cuesta Piedra along Río Monte road, J. Folsom 3981 (MO, UC); vicinity of El Boquete, 1000-1300 m, W Maxon 5067 (US). Darién: Parque Nacional del Darién, ridge between N and S branches of Río Pucuro, N of Old Village of Tacarcuna, ca. 18 km E of Pucuro, 8º 05'N, 77º 16'W, 600-800 m, B. Hammel et al. 16463 (MO). Veraguas: Cerro Tute, ridge up from former Escuela Agrícola, Santa Fé, 8 1' 05'N, 8º 35'W, 800-1100 m, G. Hamilton & Krager 3944 (MO). COLOMBIA. El Valle: Cordillera Occidental, La Cumbre, 1900-2100 m, E. Killip 11624 (US), E. Killip & T Hazen 11130 (NY). HAITÍ. Massif de La Pelle, Tr. Prebe a Piquands, Port au Prince, mosne malanga, shady gulch, 1200 m, L. Ekman 7375 (US). SANTO DOMINGO. Monte Cristi: Cordillera Central, Mansión, ridge between Río Cenobí and Río de la Cidra, 800 m, E. Ekman 12698 (F, US).

 

Elaphoglossum delasotae

Mickel, Brittonia 45: 216. 1993. Type: Colombia, Chocó, D. Lellinger & E. Sota 736 (Holotype: US!).

Distribution: Previously known only from Colombia, but now also from Perú and Bolivia.

Material of new distribution: PERU. Cusco: Quillabamba, Santa Teresa, on a hill-side called Mandornilloc, 0.5 km W of La Playa, 2 615 m, B. Peyton & S. Peyton 1267 (MO); Oxapampa, trail to summit of Cordillera Yanachaga via Río San Daniel, 10º 25' S, 75º 27' W, 2500 m, D. Smith et al. 7833 (MO). BOLIVIA. Cochabamba: Provincia José Carrasco Torrico, 115 km antigua carretera Cochabamba-Villa Tunari, 17º 08' S, 65º 38'W, 2500 m, M. Kessler et al. 6960 (LPB?, UC); Provincia José Carrasco Torrico, 118 km antigua carretera Cochabamba-Villa Tunari, 17º 08' S, 65º 38'W, 2300 m, M. Kessler et al. 7098 (LPB?, UC); Provincia José Carrasco Torrico, 123 km antigua carretera Cochabamba-Villa Tunari, 17º 08' S, 65º 37' W, 2100 m, M. Kessler et al. 7123 (LPB?, UC). La Paz: Murillo Province, Zongo Valley, 1.6 km down the valley from Sainani, 16º 07' S, 68º 05' W, 2100 m, A. Fay & L Fay 2898 (MO, UC), A. Fay & L. Fay 2904 (MO, UC).

 

Elaphoglossum dendricola

(Baker) H. Christ, Mon. Elaph. 94. 1899. Acrostichum dendriculum Baker, Syn. Fil. 521. 1874.

Distribution: Previously known only from Colombia, but now also from Ecuador.

Material of new distribution: ECUADOR. Carchi: Maldonado-Tulcán road, ca. km 30, 2900-3100 m, L. Werling & S. Leth 243 (F).

Probably this species is coespecific with E. vulcanicum.

 

Elaphoglossum doanense

L. D. Gómez, Revista Biol. Trop. 20: 181. 1972. Type: Costa Rica, Cartago, L. Gómez 1307 (Holotype: CR!).

Distribution: Previously known from Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia and Venezuela, but now also from Ecuador.

Material of new distribution: ECUADOR. Zamora-Chinchipe: Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Quebrada Río San Francisco, at new road (Loja-Zamora), 3º 58' S, 79º 05'W, B. Ollgaard 74977 (AAU?, NY, QCA?).

 

Elaphoglossum dombeyanum

(Fée) T. Moore et Houlst., Gard. Mag. Bot. 3: 95. 1851. Type: Venezuela, Linden s.n. (not localized).

Distribution: Previously known from Colombia and Venezuela, but now also from Ecuador.

Material of new distribution: ECUADOR. Cordillera de Quito, Jameson s. n. (US); Andes of Quito, Jameson 88 (NY). Bolivar: Had. Talanva, Simiatug, 3400 m, C. William & R. Summers 577 (F). Carchi: road Tulcán-Maldonado, W of the pass (base of Volcán Chiles), 0º 49' N, 78º W, 3650 m, B. Ollgaard & H. Balslev 8406 (F).

 

Elaphoglossum eriopus

Mickel, Brittonia 39: 318. 1987. Type: Venezuela, Portuguesa, A. Smith 1145 (Holotype: UC!).

Distribution: Previously known only from Venezuela, but now also from Colombia and Ecuador.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Meta: above Villavicencio, 950 m, A. Alston 7669 (MO); Cordillera de Macarena, (extremo NE), Macizo Renjifo, faldas orientales, 600-1300 m, J. Idrobo & R. Evans 877 (F). ECUADOR. Loja: Trails ca. 5 km ENE of San Pedro de Vilcabamba, from "El Bosque" to Quebrada Romerillos and Banderilla 4º 14' S, 79º 10'W, 2000-2200 m, B. Ollgaard & H. Navarrete 105956 (AAU?, NY, QCA?).

 

Elaphoglossum erythrolepis

(Fée) T. Moore, Index Fil. 9. 1857. Acrostichum erythrolepis Fée, Mém. Foug. 2: 60. 1845.

Type: Perú, J. Dombey s. n. (Holotype: P-n.s.).

Distribution: Previously known from Ecuador and Perú, but now also from Colombia.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Cauca: El Tambo, 1 700 m, K Sneidem 384 (NY). Cundinamarca: Bogotá-El Colegio road, km 7-10, 2 225 m, J. Luteyn & M. Lebrón 7714 (NY); Guasca, Páramo de Guasca, M. Murillo & L: Fayad 134 (NY). Huila: Cordillera Oriental, E of Neiva, H. Rusby & F. Pennell 590 (NY). Santander: between El Roble and Tona, 1500-1900 m, E. Killip & A. Smith 19436 (NY). Tolima: road to Nevado de Tolima, NNW of Ibagué, ca. 17-19 km beyond juntas to end of road, 2 500-2750 m, ca. 4º 35' N, 75º 25'W, J. Luteyn et al. 10623 (NY).

 

Elaphoglossum fuliginosum

Mickel, Novon 2: 374. 1992. Type: Costa Rica, San José, J. Taylor & C. Taylor 11339 (Holotype: NY!).

Distribution: Previously known only from Costa Rica, but now also from Venezuela.

Material of new distribution: VENEZUELA. Mérida: Andes Venezolanos, La Montaña, study arca, 1/2 km S of La Montaña Teleférico Station, C. Kelly & Lughadha 8702 (NY).

 

Elaphoglossum glabellum

J. Sm., London J. Bot. 1: 197. 1842. Type: Guyana, Schomburgk 477 (Holotype: BM-n.s.; Isotype: US!).

Distribution: Previously known from México, Costa Rica, Panamá, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia and Antilles, but now also from El Salvador and Nicaragua.

Material of new distribution: EL SALVADOR. Ahuachapán: Sierra de Apaneca, in the region of Finca Colima, P Standley 20172 (US). NICARAGUA. Granada: lado NW of Volcán Mombacho, Finca San Joaquín, 11º 50' N, 85º 59' W, 800-1000 m, P. Moreno & J. Henrich 8483 (HNMN?, MO); Volcán Mombacho, J. Greenman & M. Greenman 5795 (MO). Jinotega: Macizo de Peñas Blancas, top and N slope of steep ridge SW of finca of Manuel Estrada (El Cielo), S of Río Gusaneras, ca. 13º 15' N, 85º 42' W, 1200-1330 m, W Stevens & B. Krukoff 11543a (MO).

Venezuela, Guyana and Suriname have plants with more compact rhizome and narrower fronds, for this reason probably the Central American material correspond to another species.

 

Elaphoglossum gloeorrhizum

Mickel, Novon 2: 374. 1992. Type: Costa Rica, San José, J. Taylor & C. Taylor 11339 (Holotype: NY!).

Distribution: Previously known from Honduras and Costa Rica, but now also from Venezuela.

Material of new distribution: VENEZUELA. Miranda: Parque Nacional "El Avila", quebrada que sigue a Lagunazo, 10º 32.8'N, 66º 52'W, 2200 m, Meier 2850 (NY). Yaracuy: Distr. Nirgua, Serranía Santa MaríaCeffo La Chapa, 6 km al N de Nirgua, 10º 12' N, 68º 33'W, 1200-1350 m, Meier et aL 3914 (NY, VEN?).

This species probably is coespecific with E. agostanii Vareschi, but I not seen the type of that species (from Venezuela).

 

Elaphoglossum gomezianum

A. Rojas, Brenesia 45-46: 12. 1996. Type: Panama, Chiriquí, L Valdespino & Ríos 1207 (Holotype: NY!; Isotypes: INB!, PMA!)

Distribution: Previously known from Costa Rica and Panama, but now also from Colombia.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. El Valle: Cordillera Occidental, vertiente oriental, hoya del Río Cali, vertiente derecha confluencia del Río Pichinderito con el Pichindé, 1580-1650 m, J. Cuatrecasas 18754 (F).

 

Elaphoglossum gratum

(Fée) T. Moore, Index. Fil. 10. 1857. Acrostichum gratum Fée, Mém. Foug. 8: 69. 1857. Lectotype. Mexico, Mexico, Schaffner 279 (P-n.s.).

Distribution: Previously known only from Mexico, Guatemala and Costa Rica?, but now also from Honduras.

Material of new distribution: HONDURAS. Cortés: Santa Cruz de Yojoa, 2 000 ft., J. Edwards 721 (F).

The material of Costa Rica identified as this species (Mickel 1995) represents young plants of E. furfuraceum.

 

Elaphoglossum herrerae

A.Rojas, Brenesia 45-46: 13. 1996. Type: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, G. Herrera & G. Rivera 827 (Holotype: INB!; Isotype: CR!).

Distribution: Previously known only from Costa Rica, but now also ftom Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador and Panama.

Material of new distribution: MEXICO. Chiapas: Ghiesbreght 313 (F). Guerrero: 25 mi. S of Chilpancingo, J. Paxson et al. 825 (F). GUATEMALA. Sololá: trail between slopes of Volcán Santa Clara and town to San Pedro, 1900-2100 m, J. Steyerinark 47117 (US). HONDURAS. El Paraíso: barranco entre Casitas y Cuesta de Galeras, 1500 m, A. Molina 8570 (F); Quebrada Tapahuasca, 1300 m, A. Molina 14661 (F). EL SALVADOR. Morazán: road between Perquin and Sabanetas, 1 400 m,

Seiler 1080 (F). PANAMA. Chiriquí: mi. N of David, W Lewis et al. 694 (US). Coclé: valley of the upper Río Mata Ahogado, 350 m, P Allen 134 (US). Panamá: Río La Maestra, 0-25 m, P Allen 7 (US); San José Island, Perlas Archipielago, Gulf of Panamá, about 15 mi. SSE of Balboa, L Johnson 204 (US).

Elaphoglossum hieracioides

Mickel, Brittonia 39: 320. 1987. Type: Venezuela, Aragua, A. Fendler 268 (Holotype: US!; Isotypes: GH, MO!).

Distribution: Previously known from Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Perú, but now also from Guatemala.

Material of new distribution: GUATEMALA. Quiché: Nebaj, 6 600 ft., A. Skutch 1759 (GH).

 

Elaphoglossum hymenodiastrum

(Fée) Brade, Zeitschr. Deutsch. Ven Wiss, S. Paulo 1: 58. 1920. Acrostichum hymenodiastrum Féc, Crypt. Vasc. Br. 1: 3. t.5. 1869.

Type: Brazil, Río de Janeiro, Glaziou 2152 (Isotype: P!).

Distribution: Previously known from Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil, but now also from Panama.

Material of new distribution: PANAMA. Comarca San Bias: Nusagandi, El Llano-Carti road, along trail to Quebrada of Nusagandi, 9º 19' N, 78º 55'W, 350 m, H. Werff 7005 (MO, NY).

This specimen was cited by Mickel (1995) as paratype of E. lankesteri, but the rizome scales are broader and bicolorous. Additionally, the E. lankesteri holotype (R. Lloyd 4201, NY!) is the same as E. cismense Rosenst. The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Tokyo Code, 1994), article 11 about priority establish that if the holotype is same to another species describes, although the others paratypes are good, the species valid is the oldest describes.

 

Elaphoglossum inaequalifolium

(Jenman) C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 309. 1905. Acrostichum inaequalifolium Jenman, J. Bot. 24: 273. 1886. Type: Jamaica, G. Jenman s. n. (K-n.v.).

E.alan-smithii Mickel, Brittonia 32: 334. 1980. Type: Mexico, Oaxaca, J. Mickel 3739 (Holotype: NY!; Isotypes: ENCB, IEB, UC, US!).

E.flocosum Mickel, Brittonia 39: 319. 1987. Type: Venezuela, Bolívar, Huber & Carreño 128403 (Holotype: NY!).

E.mcvaughii Mickel, Brittonia 32: 336. 1980. Type: Mexico, Michoacán, R. McVaugh 9904 (Holotype: US!; Isotype: MICH).

Distribution: Previously known from "México", "Venezuela" and Jamaica, but now also from El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú and Bolivia.

Material of new distribution: EL SALVADOR. Volcán San Vicente, Pico, 1950 m, R. Seiler 322 (F). Morazán: 3 km S of El Zancudo, R. Seiler 1016 (F). COSTA RICA. San José: Dota, camino a San Gerardo de Dota, entrando por Jaboncillo, 9º 36' 15" N, 83º 47' 20" W, 2400-3000 m, A. Rojas & M. Coto 2707 (CR, INB, NY). Puntarenas: Coto Brus, Parque Internacional La Amistad, Cordillera de Talamanca, Cerro Pittier, sendero entre Cerro Gemelo y Cerro Pittier, 9º 03' 45" N, 82º 56' 15" W, 2700-2850 m, M. Moraga & A. Rojas 441 (CR, INB, MO, NY, UC). PANAMA. Chiriquí: mountain slopes SE of Cerro Punta, alt. 6500-7000 ft., G. Proctor 32024 (PMA, MO). COLOMBIA. E Lehmann 1216 (NY, US), E Lehmann 1219 (NY, US); Palasé, Capilla, 1600-1900 m, E Lehmann 5078 (F). Antioquia: Mpio. Santa Rosa de Osos, Corregimiento Aragón, Finca Venecia, cerca a la carretera Santa Rosa de Osos-Aragón, 2 600 m, E Roldán et al. 444 (Ant, MO). Cauca: Cordillera Central, 5 km E of Timbío, 2 050 m, M. Grant & W Drew 10656 (NY, US). Cundinamarca: carretera entre Aguabonita Y Fusagasuga, 2000 m, J. Duque 3306 (MEXU). Santa Marta: Sierra de Onaca, 6500 ft., H. Smith 2464 (NY). ECUADOR. Zamora-Chichipe: road Loja-Zamora, km 24-25, 3º 59' S, 77º 05' W, L Holm et al. 352 7 (F). PERU. Cusco: La Convención, 139 km de Cusco en Quellomayo, subiendo hacia la "Ceja", entre Santa Teresa y Chaullay, 13º 8' S, 72º 36' W, 1200-2600 m, P Núñez & M. Canchi 8789 (MO). Pazco: Prov. Oxapampa, canyon of Huacabamba, Fundo La Esperanza, 1000-1500 m, B. León 619 (F). BOLIVIA. La Paz: Prov. Nor Yungas, Serranía de Bella Vista, 16 km N of Carrasco (37 km N of Caranavi) on road to Palos Blancos, 15º 35' S, 67º 34' W, 1500 m, J. Solomon & M. Nee 12662 (F, MO). Santa Cruz: Caballero, lumbre camp above Tunal, 30 km NE of El Tambo School (17º 55' S, 64º 25'W), 2500 m, T Killeen 2555 (F).

The principal characters that were used for distinguish the synonyms species were the plants size and scales density, but I collected material of this species (A. Rojas & D. Padilla 5428; CR, IZTA, MEXU) in the type location of E. mcvaughii (the larger species) and the plants size and scales are not different to E. inaequalifolium, additionally, I saw that this species is very variable in size depending of the light and nutrients.

 

Elaphoglossum itatiayense

Rosenst., Hedwigia 56: 370. 1915. Tipo: "Brasilia", Est. Rio de Janeiro, E Tamandaré & A. Brade 6449 (Holotype: M?, B?).

Distribution: Previously known only from Brazil, but now also from Venezuela.

Material of new distribution: VENEZUELA. Aragua, Prope Coloniam Tovar, A. Fendler 287 (MO).

 

Elaphoglossum lalitae

L. D. Gómez, Phytología 60: 74. 1986. Type: Costa Rica, Cartago, L Gómez 1307 (Holotype: CR!).

Distribution: Previously known from Costa Rica and Panama, but now also from Venezuela.

Material of new distribution: VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Cerro Sinapo (Paráque), B. Maguire & Politi 28555 (NY).

 

Elaphoglossum laminarioides

(Bory ex Fée) T. Moore, index Fil. 10. 1857. Acrostichum laminarioides Bory ex Fée, Hist. Acrostich. (Mém. Foug . 2) 57, pl. 12. 1845. Type: Guyana, Leprieur 1834 (Holotype: P-n.s.).

Distribution: Previously known from Venezuela, Ecuador, Perú and Bolivia, but now also from Colombia.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Dto. Unknown: J. Mutis 3327 (US). Antioquia: Mpio. San Luis, Quebrada "La Cristalina", 6º 00' N, 74º 45' W, 560-570 m, Ramírez & Cárdenas 982 (JAUM, MO). Magdalena: between Pueblo Viejo and San Miguel, 900-1700 m, W Seifriz 558 (US).

The specimens of Costa Rica (A. Chacón 625, INB; G. Herrera 4007, CR; G. Herrera 4392, CR) distributed at less than 600 m are very similar to this species, because have cuspidate blade apex and the blade scales are small and adpressed.

 

Elaphoglossum lanatum

Mickel, Phytología 60: 74. 1986. Type: Perú, Apurimac, P Hutchison 1732 (Holotype: NY!; Isotypes: F!, GH, UC, US!).

Distribution: Previously known only from Perú, but now also from Venezuela.

Material of new distribution: VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Cerro Sinapo (Paráque), B. Maguire & Politi 28555 (NY). Mérida: Valle of Chachopito near San Rafael, H. Pittier 13261 (F).

 

Elaphoglossum lanceiforme

Mickel, Novon 2: 370. 1992. Type: Costa Rica, Alajuela, A. Brenes 16141 (Holotype: NY!).

Distribution: Previously known frorn Costa Rica and Panarna, but now also from Nicaragua.

Material of new distribution: NICARAGUA. Rivas: Isla de Ometepe, N slopc of Volcán Maderas on trail from Balgue to Laguna Maderas, 11º 27'N, 85º 32'W, 1200 m, W Hahn 505 (MO).

 

Elaphoglossum lanceum

Mickel, Amer. Fem J. 69: 101. 1979. Type: Mexico, Oaxaca, J. Mickel 4900 (Holotype: NY!).

Distribution: Previously known from Mexico, Guatemala and El Salvador, but now also from Honduras.

Material of new distribution: HONDURAS. Lempira: Montaña de Celaque, SE portion of the massif, valley of the Río Arcagual on the plateau, 14º 33' 26" N, 88º 40' 00" W, 2400 m, G. Davidse & R. Zúñiga 34828 (MO, TEFH?); 2 600 m, D. Hazlett 2600 (F); Celaque National Park, along Río Arcagual, upstream from basee camp 2, 10.5 km WSW of the town of Gracias, 14º 34' 05" N, 88º 41' 05" W, 250 m, R. Moran 5577 (MO). Santa Bárbara: 7 km N of El Mochito, on the E slopes of Mt. Santa Bárbara, 14º 55' N, 88º 07' W, 2200-2500 m, R. Moran 5700 (MO).

 

Elaphoglossum langsdorffii

(Hook. et Grey.) T. Moore, Index Fil. 11. 1857. Acrostichum langsdorffti Hook. et Grev., Icon Fil. T. 164. 1829.

Distribution: Previously known from Bolivia and Brazil, but now also from Perú.

Material of new distribution: PERU. San Martín: Prov. Lwnas, Alonso de Alvarado, San Juan de Pacayzapa, al E del puente (carretera a Moyobamba,), J. Schunke 5871 (F).

 

Elaphoglossum latevagans

Mickel, Fieldiana Bot. 27:140.1991. Type: Perú, Amazonas, P. Hutchison & Wright 5808 (Holotype: US!; Isotype: F!, GH, NY!, UC).

Distribution: Previously known only from Perú, but now also from Colombia and Venezuela.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Cauca: Mpio. Silva, ca. 47-48 km E of Piendame, 2º 35' N, 76º 19' W, J. Luteyn et al. 10142 (NY). VENEZUELA. Trujillo: Dto. Boconó, Páramo Guaracamal, 20-21 km beyond jtc. with Hwy NE of Boconó, 9º 13' N, 70º 13'W, J. Luteyn & Cotton 9706 (NY).

 

Elaphoglossum laxisquama

Mickel, Fieldiana Bot. 27: 141. 199 1. Type: Perú, San Martín, M. Young 1741 (Holotype: NY!; Isotype: USM).

Distribution: Previously known from Perú, but now also from Colombia.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Cauca: ca. 28 km E of Totoró, ca. 2º 33' N, 76º 10' W, 3075 m, J. Luteyn et al. 10178 (NY).

 

Elaphoglossum lechlerianum

(Mert.) T. Moore, Index Fil. 11. 1857. Acrostichum lechlerianum Mett., Fil Lechl. 1:3. 1856. Type: Perú, Puno, W Lechler 2522 (Isotypes: BR-n.s., S-n.s.).

Distribution: Previously known from Ecuador, Perú and Bolivia, but now also from Colombia.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Cauca: Cordillera Central, vertiente oriental, región de Moscapán, hoya del Río San José, La Chorrera de Candelaria, 2100-2310 m, J. Cuatrecasas 23622 (F).

 

Elaphoglossum lellingeri

Mickel, Brittonia 45: 216. 1993. Type: Colombia, Antioquia, R. Callejas & E Roldán 318 (Holotype: NY!).

Distribution: Previously known only from Colombia, but now also from Ecuador.

Material of new distribution: ECUADOR. Carchí: above Maldonado, 2400 m, H. Werff & Gudiño 10797 (MO).

 

Elaphoglossum lepidopodum

Mickel, Brittonia 32: 336. 1980. Holotype: México, Oaxaca, J. Mickel 6175 (Holotype: NY!).

Distribution: Previously known only from Mexico, but now also from Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador.

Material of new distribution: GUATEMALA. Alta Verapaz: road from Chama x Cobán, 3 000 ft., H. Johnson 543 (US); vicinity of Cobán, about 1300 m, P Standley 90853 (F). Isabal: along Río Frío, 50-75 m, J. Steyennark 41631 (US). Quezaltenango: high barranco along Río Sarnalá, between Santa María de Jesús and Calahuaché, 1200-1300 m, J. Steyemark 33874 (F). San Marcos: Finca El Porvenir, Loma Trocodoná, S facing slopes of Volcán Tajumulco, 1300-1500 m, J. Steyermark 37538 (F, US). Sololá: Volcán Atitián, 1700-3800 m, J. Steyennark 47346 (US); Río Bravo, in vicinity of Finca Mocá, S facing slopes of Volcán Atitlán, 1000-1100 m, J. Steyennark 47965 (F, US). Suchitepéquez: Finca Moca, W Muenscher 12136 (F). HONDURAS. El Paraíso: Mpio. San Antonio de Oriente, La Labranza, Montaña de Uyuca, J. Linares & R. Dressler 3810 (MEXU); Ciudad de Yuscarán, Cerro Monserrat, 2000 m, M. Espinal 120 (CR). Francisco Morazán: Sierra San Juancito, road to San Juancito, J. Swallen 11129 (US). EL SALVADOR. Ahuachapán: El Imposible Reserve, Campana, 13º 51' N, 89º 54' W, 1400 m, A. Monto et aL 2018 (MEXU).

Elaphoglossum killipianum Mickel of Costa Rica and Panama could be coespecific with this species.

 

Elaphoglossum leporinum

L. D. Gómez, Rev. Biol. Trop. 20 (16): 32. 1972. Type: Costa Rica, Limón, G. Davidse 1579 (Holotype: CR!).

Distribution: Previously known from Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica and Panama, but now also from Colombia and Perú.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Santander: vicinity of Veras, 3 1003 250 m, E Killip & A. Smith 17880 (NY), E. Killip & A. Smith 17893 (NY); Páramo Frailejonale, near Veras, 3750-3850 m, E. Killip & A. Smith 17977 (NY); S slope of Páramo de Romeral, 3800 m, E. Killip & A. Smith 18703 (NY). PERU. Ancash, Yungay: Huascarán Natural Park, Quebrada Paria, 8º 57' S, 77º 33' W, D. Smith et al. 9173 (MO); Huascarán Natural Park, Llanganuco sector, Josefa trail, 9º 05' S, 77º 41'W, 3600-3700 m, D. Smith et al. 9411 (MO).

See discussion under E. rufescens.

  Elaphoglossum longicaudatum

Mickel, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 594. 1990. Type: Venezuela, Amazonas, R. Liesner

& G. Carnevali 22993 (Holotype: NY!; Isotypes: MO!, VEN).

Distribution: Previously known only from Venezuela, but now also from Colombia.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Amazonas-Vuapés: Río Apaporis, entre el Río Pacoa y el Río Mananarí, 250 m, Sokatama et al. 13655 (NY).

 

Elaphoglossum longicrure

H. Christ, Bull. Herb. Boissier sér. 2, 7: 273. 1907. Type: Costa Rica, San José, C. Biolley s. n. (Holotype: P-n.s.).

Distribution: Previously known from Costa Rica and Panama, but now also from Nicaragua and Colombia.

Material of new distribution: NICARAGUA. Along Karawal River, E. Schramm s. n. (GH). COLOMBIA. Chocó: Río San Juan, margen derecha, Quebrada del Taparal, 520 m, J. Cuatrecasas 21486 (F); Mpio. Bahía Solano, Parque Nacional Natural Ensenada de Utria, camino entre Punta Diego y Caida Cocalito, 6º 21' N, 76º 26' W, 0-100 m, T Espina et al. 3622 (MO); siopes and ridge of Loma del Cuchillo, ca. 15 km WSW of Chigorodó, ca. 150-400 m, D. Lellinger & E. de la Sota 667 (CR).

 

Elaphoglossum longistipitatum

A. Rojas, Brenesia 47-48: 6. 1997. Holotype: Costa Rica, Heredia, D. Lellinger & J. White 1041 (Holotype: CR!, Isotypes: INB!, US).

Distribution: Previously known from Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica and Panama, but now also from El Salvador.

Material of new distribution: EL SALVADOR. Santa Ana: wedel unterseits blaugrün gefärbt, Miramundo, 2300 m, W Lótschert 375 (US).

 

Elaphoglossum meridense

(Klotzsch) T. Moore, Index Fil. 12. 1857. Acrostichum meridense Klotzsch, Linnaea 20: 427. 1847. Type: Venezuela, Mérida, J. Moritz 320 (US?).

Distribution: Previously known only from Venezuela, but now also from Ecuador and Bolivia.

Material of new distribution: ECUADOR. Chimborazo: Páramo de Pinllilic, Cordillera Oriental, 3750 m, M. Acosta 7708 (F). Pichincha: Chaparro de Sebritano, Sec. Oriental de las Haciendas "pedregal" y "Yanurcu", 3400-3500 m, M. Acosta 8357 (F), M. Acosta 8360 (F). Tungurahua: Páramo of Minza, 3700 m, C. William & R. Summers 348 (F). BOLIVIA. Cochabamba: Prov. Chapare, Incachaca, 2 200 m, J. Steinbach 8901 (F).

 

Elaphoglossum monicae

Mickel, Flora Novo-Galiciana vol. 17: 273. 1992. Type: Mexico, Jalisco, J. Rzedowski 26695 (Holotype: NY!; Isotype: ENCB).

Distribution: Previously known only from Mexico, but now also from Guatemala and Honduras.

Material of new distribution: GUATEMALA. Zacatepequez: Volcán de Agua, 10000 ft., J. Smith 4696 (US). HONDURAS. Lempira: Celaque National Park, near camp 2, 10.3 km WSW of the town of Gracias, 14º 33' N, 88º 39' W, 2500 m, R. Moran 5627 (MO).

 

Elaphoglossum moralesii

A. Rojas, Brenesia. 45-46: 18. 1996. Type: Costa Rica, San José, E Morales 4459 (Holotype: INB!; Isotype: NY).

Distribution: Previously known only from Costa Rica, but now also from Panama.

Material of new distribution: PANAMA. Coclé: vicinity of El Valle, 800-1000 m, P. Allen 222 (US); T Croat 67453 (MO, UC); foot of Cerro Pilón, above El Valle de Antón, 2000 ft., D. Porter et aL 4672 (MO); T Croat 67453 (MO, UC).

 

Elaphoglossum muelleri

(E. Foum.) C. Chr., Index Fil. 311. 1905. Acrostichum muelleri E. Fourn., Mexic. PI. 1: 68. 1872. Type: Mexico, Veracruz, Müller 41 (Holotype: P-n.s.).

Distribution: Previously known from Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras, but now also from El Salvador.

Material of new distribution: EL SALVADOR. San Salvador: San Salvador Volcano on trail in crater, 1800 m, R. Seiler 31 (F).

 

Elaphoglossum nivosum

(Kunze) Mickel, Fieldiana Bot, n. s. 27: 148. 1991. Acrostichum nivosum Kunze, Bot Zeit. (Berlin) 1845: 281. 1845. Type: Venezuela, Caracas, J. Moritz s. n. (Holotypc: LZ, destroyed).

Distribution: Previously, known from Venezuela, Ecuador, Perú and Bolivia, but now also from Colombia.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Rayon, B. Apollinaire & B. Arthur 97 (US); Quebrada Surbar, along road between Duitama and Charalá, 3 273 m, J. Langenheim 3543 (US). Boyacá: Cordillera Oriental, slopes S of Río Gomeza (Río Arzobispo), 6º N, 72º 55-57' W, 3050-3070 m, E Fosberg 22299 (US); Eastem Cordillera, W slopes Páralo La Rusia, km 7-20 along road from Duitarna to San Gil, 2900-3375 m, J. Luteyn et al. 7592 (NY). Cundinamarca: al S de Usme, entre La Reganera y El Hato, Estación Agrícola Experimental "Usme", 3000-3100 m, J. Idrobo et al. 402 (US). Norte de Santander: edge of Páramo de Las Vegas, 3300-3700 m, E. Killip & A. Smith 15771 (US); Mountain E of Las Vigas, 3000-3300 m, E. Killip & A. Smith 15807 (NY, US); Eastem Cordillera, vicinity of Veras, 3 100-3250 m, (mezclado con E. dombeyanum), E. Killip & A. Smith 17289 (NY, US); Eastern Cordillera, Páramo del Romeral, 3 800-4 200 m, E. Killip & A. Smith 18673 (NY, US); vicinity of Veras, 3100-3200 m, E. Killip & A. Smith 21181 (NY, US).

 

Elaphoglossum obovatum

Mickel, Brittonia 39: 322. 1987. Type: Venezuela, Amazonas, J. Steyennark & G. Bunting 103199 (Holotype: US!; Isotype: NY!).

Distribution: Previously known from Venezuela and Perú, but now also from French Guyana.

Material of new distribution: FRENCH GUYANA. Saül: near Eaux Claires along the Sentier Botanique, 3º 37'N, 53º 12'W, 200-400 m, S. Mori et al. 21544 (NY).

 

Elaphoglossum odontolepis

Mickel, Fieldiana Bot, n. s. 27: 150. 1991. Type: Perú, Cuzco, B. Peyton & S. Peyton 356 (Holotype: MO!).

Distribution: Previously known only from Perú, but now also from Ecuador.

Material of new distribution: ECUADOR. E. Lehmann 5700 (F).

 

Elaphoglossum ornithoglossum

Mickel, Brittonia 39: 323. 1987. Type: Venezuela, Mérida, A. Smith 1454 (Holotype: UC!).

Distribution: Previously known only from Venezuela, but now also from Ecuador.

Material of new distribution: ECUADOR. Azuay: Carretera Sayausid, área de recreación Caja, 3400 m, J. Jaramillo 9887 (F).

 

Elaphoglossum orosiense

A. Rojas, Brenesia 45-46: 21. 1996. Type: Costa Rica, Cartago, A. Rojas 1075 (Holotype: NY-n.s.; Isotypes: CR!, INB!).

Distribution: Previously known only from Costa Rica, but now also from Colombia.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. El Valle: Cordillera Occidental, Corregimiento de La Elvira, carretera al mar o Simón Bolivar, vía a Dapa, Finca Zingara, 1800 m, J. Giraldo 124 (CUVC, UC).

 

Elaphoglossum ortegae

Mickel, Brittonia 39: 323. 1987. Type: Venezuela, Portuguesa, F Ortega et aL 1423 (Holotype: NY!).

Distribution: Previously known from Colombia and Venezuela, but now also from British Guayana and Bolivia.

Material of new distribution: BRITISH GUAYANA. Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Pakatalma Mts, base camp 8.6 km Imbaimadai on Partang and tributara, 0.25 W-NW, 5º 46'N, 60º 15'W, 650 m, C. Hoffman et al. 1805 (MO, US). BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Prov. Sara, Buena Vista, 500 m, L Steinbach 5684 (F).

 

Elaphoglossum pachyphyllum

(Kunze) C. Chr. Index Fil. 312. 1905. Acrostichum pachyphyllum Kunze, Linnaea 9: 26.1834. Type: Perú, Pampayacu, Poeppig s. n. (Holotype: LZ, destroyed; Isotype: P-n.s.).

Acrostichum corpulentum Kunze ex Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 61. 1869. Type: Venezuela, Mérida, J. Moritz 321 (Isotype: MO!).

Distribution: Previously known from "Venezuela" and Perú, but now also from Ecuador.

Material of new distribution: ECUADOR. Amazonas: Dto. Río Negro, Camp XI, Cerro de la Neblina, 6.2 km NNE Pico Phelps (= Neblina), 20.5 km ENE Neblina Base Camp, along stream (Cafío Beitel), S of Camp, 0º 51' 45" N, 65º 58' 52" W, J. Beitel 85284 (MO). Morna-Santiago: Mutintz, SE of Makuma, ca. 1 km along trail to Tunantza, 2º 11' S, 77º 44' W, 675 m, B. Ollgaard & H. Navarrete 1942 (AAU, QCA); road ParucaSantiago, km 44, 3º 1' S, 78º 12' W, B. Ollgaard et aL 2894 (AAU, QCA). Napo: Quijos Cantón, Within 5 km of the Town of Baeza, 0º 27' 5" S, 79º 53' 5" W, 2100 m, A. Fay & L. Fay 3880 (MO), A. Fay & L Fay 3888 (MO).

Elalphoglossum pallidiforme

Mickel, Novon 2: 380. 1992. Type: Pana,na, Panama, T Croat 22656 (Holotype: NY!; Isotypes: MO!, UC!).

Distribution: Previously known from Costa Rica and Panaríia, but now also from Ecuador.

Material of new distribution: ECUADOR. Cairchi: Reserva Etnica y Forestal Awá, trail Gualpí bao-Tarabita, 1º 08' N, 78º 23' W, 500-600 m, Jorgensen et aL 65237 (NY).

This species differs from E. albomarginatum A. R. Sm. only in brown (vs. yellowish) rhizome seales, it seems likely that these two species are coespecific.

 

Elaphoglossum pilosius

Mickel, Brittonia 39: 324. 1987. Type: Venezuela, J. Luteyn 6139 (Holotype: NY!; Isotypes: MO!, UC!).

Distribution: Previously known from Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Perú, but now also from Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras.

Material of new distribution: MEXICO. Chiapas: Mpio. Motozintla de Mendoza, on the N and W slope of Cerro Mozotal below the microwave tower along the road from Huixtia to El Porvenir and Siltepec, 3000 m, D. Breedlove & A. Smith 22806 (MO); Mpio. Motozintla de Mendoza, Cerro Mozotal, a 27 km al SO de Motozintia, camino a El Porvenir, 15º 26' 13" N, 92º 20'28" W, 2850-3000 m, E. Martínez et al. 22435 (FCMF?, MEXU). Guerrero: Mpio. Chichihualco, 17 km adelante de La Vuelta rumbo a Puerto del Gallo, 2 930 m, E Lorea 676 (FCMF, MEXU); Mpio. Tlacotepec, Cerro Teotepec, 3150 m, E Lorea 4206 (ENCB, FCMF, IEB, MEXU); Mpio. Tlacotepec, 1 km al SO de Puerto San Juan, 2900 m, E Lorea 4211 (ENCB, FCMF?, IEB, MEXU). México: Ameyalco, km 75 de la carretera Amecameca-Tlamacas, 3100 m, J. Rzedowski 21861 (ENCB). Veracruz: Mpio. Calcahualco, 1.3 km N of Vaquería, 3 km by road from junction with the Coscomatepec-Escola-Jacó road, 14 km (by road) W of Escola, 19º 07'N, 97º 14' W, 2900 m, M. Nee 23102 (NYi GUATEMALA. Quezaltenango: NE facinl, slopes of bartanco of Volcán Zunil, 3000 m. J, Steyermark 34910 (F, US). San Marcos: mountains along the road between San Marcos and Serchil, 2700-3150 m, P Standley 85406 (F); below Comitancito and Santa Rosa junction, Sierra Madre Mountains, 2900 m, L. Williams et al. 27074 (F), L. Williams et al, 27074A (F). HONDURAS. Lempira: Celaque National Park, along Río Arcágual, upstream from base camp 2, 10.5 km WSW of the town of Gracias, 14º 34' 05" N, 88º 41' 05" W, 2 500 m, R. Moran 5600 (MO).

 

Elaphoglossum polyblepharum

Mickel, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 78: 259. 1991. TYPE: Venezuela, Amazonas, R. Liesner & R Holst 21517 (Holotype: NY!; Isotype: MO!).

Distribution: Previously known only from Venezuela, but now also from Bolivia.

Material of new distribution: BOLIVIA, Santa Cruz: Velasco, Parque Nacional Noel Kempff M., Campamento Las Gamas, 14º 48' 14" S, 60º 23' 59" W, 850 m, L. Arroyo et al. 810 (MO).

 

Elaphoglossum Propinquum

Elap(Mett. ex Kuhn) H. Christ, Monogr.hoglossum 115. 1899. Acrostichum propinquum Mett. ex Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 45. 1869.

Type: Perú, Agapata, Lechler 2007 (Holotype: B-n.s.; Isotype: P).

Distribution: Previously known only frorn Perú, but now also from Brazil.

Material of new distribution: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Rio de Tan, Ouro Preto, Rochedas dos Camprinhas, Damazio 36800 (Jard. Bot. Río, MO). Río de Janeiro: Estado do Rio, Itatiaia, 2200-2400 m, L Brade 15515 (MO), L Brade 15516 (MO). Sao Pablo: Pedro do Baú, 1900 m, Leite 3885 (MO).

 

Elaphoglossum pusillum

(Mett. ex Kuhn) C. Chr., Index Filic. 314. 1905. Acrostichum pusillum Mett. ex Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 43. 1869. Type: Cuba, Wright 794 (Holotype: B-n.s.; Isotype: NY!).

Distribution: Previously known from Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela and Cuba, but now also from Perú and Jamaica.

Material of new distribution: PERU. Junín: Chanchamayo Valley, 1500 m, C. Schunke 318 (F). JAMAICA. 211. Breakfast Spring, lowerside, N. Harris 7434 (F).

 

Elaphoglossum revolutum

(Liebm.) T. Moore, Index Fil. 365. 1862. Acrostichum revolutum Liebm., Kongel Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd. ser. 5, 1: 163. 1849. Type: Mexico, E Liebmann 2427 (C-n.s.).

Elaphoglossum xiphoides Mickel, Ann. Missoiri Bot. Gard. 78: 259. 1991. Type: Venezuela, Bolivar, B. Stergios 10310 (Holotype: NY!).

Distribution: Previously known from Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, "Venezuela" and Antillas, but now also from French Guyana and Brazil.

Material of new distribution: FRENCH GUYANA. Mont. Atachi Bacca, Región de I'Znini, extrémite nord, Camp 11, 3º 33'N, 55º 55'W, 450 m, G. Cremers et aL 10353 (US). BRAZIL. Río de Janeiro: Goyaz, Goiania, L Brade 31050 (MO).

Range extension: Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and Antillas.

 

Elaphoglossum rimbachii

(Sodiro) H. Christ, Monogr. Elaphoglossum 115. 1899. Acrostichum rimbachii Sodiro, Crypt. Vasc. Quit. 478. 1893. Type: Ecuador, Cuenca, Rimbach s. n. (not located).

Distribution: Previously known from Ecuador and Perú, but now also from Colombia.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Mpio. de Urrao, Páramo de Frontino, Llano Grande an hill to N, 6- 28º N, 76º 05' W, 3320-3450 m, J. MacDougal et al. 4462 (MO). Caldas: Riseralda, Mpio. Santa Rosa de Cabal, camino real entre Termales de Santa Rosa y Hacienda La Sierra, 4º 49.5' N, 75º 30.5' W, 3370 m, Wolf 825 (COL, MO). Meta: Macizo de Sumapáz, cabeceras de la Quebrada El Buque, 3 460 m, S. Díaz et al. 2628 (COL, MO).

 

Elaphoglossum rosenstockii

Rosenst., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 4: 6. 1907. Type: Ecuador, Rimbach 8 (Holotype: S-n.s.; Isotype: US!).

Elaphoglossum anceps Mickel, Brittonia 39 (3): 313. 1987. Type: Venezuela, Mérida, B. Stergios 1276 (Holotype: PORT).

Distribution: Previously known from "Venezuela", Ecuador, Perú and Bolivia, but now also from Colombia.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Paramo of Mono Frontino N of Urrao, 11800 ft., E. Core 401 (US). Boyacá: Nevado del Cucuy, Chorreón de San Paulino, 3750 m, J. Cuatrecasas 1345 (F). Caldas: Cerro Tatema, 3400-3700 m, E Pennell 10547 (US). Cundinamarca: cerca a la Laguna de Chissaca, km 31 de la carretera, 3670 m, C. Acosta 304 (NY).

 

Elaphoglossum rufescens

(Liebm.) T. Moore, Index Fil. 365. 1862. Acrostichum rufescens Liebm., Kongel Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd. ser. 5, 1: 188. 1849. Type: Mexico, Veracruz, E Liebmann s. n. (Holotype: US!).

E. laxipes Mickel, Flora Novo-Galiciana. P. 271. Type: Mexico, Jalisco, B.Hinton 2750 (Holotype: NY!; Isotypes: MO!, NY).

Distribution: Previously known only from Mexico, but now also from Guatemala and Chile.

Material of new distribution: GUATEMALA. San Marcos: between La Vega ridge along Vega and NE slopes of Volcán Tacaná, to 3 mi. from Guatemala-Mexico boundary in vicinity of San Rafael, 2500-3000 m, J. Steyermark 36166 (F). CHILE. Llanquihue: Parque Nacional Vicente Pérez Rosales, 14.5 km E of Ensenada on the road to Petrohue, above Río Petrohue, 185 m, T Lammers et al. 7841 (F).

The distribution of this species ¡s very irregular, probably this and the distribution of E. leporinum in South America is an indicate that E. dombeyanum, E. leporinum and E. rufescens are the same species, and only have ecological variations. E. dombeyanum have imbricated and bicolorous scales on abaxial lamina (vs. more patent and concolorous scales in E. leporinum and E. rufescens), between this two last species E. leporinum has shorter blade and thicker stipe.

 

Elaphoglossum russelliae

Mickel, Fieldiana Bot. n. s. 27. 160. 1991. Type: Perú, Cajamarca, S. Diaz & Asores 2587 (Holotype: NY!).

Distribution: Previously known from Costa Rica and Perú, but now also from Panama.

Material of new distribution: PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: SE slope of Cerro Echandi, (between Jilguero and Danta cainps), 2 6002 800 m, L. Gómez et al. 22276 (MO); heatwaters of Río Colubre, 2 400-2550 m, L Gómez et al. 22409 (NY).

 

Elaphoglossum sartorii

(Liebm.) Mickel, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 46: 181. 1988. Acrostichum sartorii Liebm., Mexic. Bregn. 166 (seors. 14). 1849. Tipo: México, Veracruz, E Liebmann (PI. Mex. 2430, 2752, 2753; FI. Mex. 12, 14, 660, 661, 662) (fragm. US!).

Elaphoglossum subarborescens Rosenst., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 4: 295. 1907.

Type: Brasil, Sao Paulo, Serra do Mar, Wacket s. n. (BM-n.s.).

Distribution: Previously known from Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela and "Brazil", but now also from Colombia.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Santa Marta: H. Smith 1066 (US).

 

Elaphoglossum seminudum

Mickel, Brittonia 32: 338. 1980. Type: Mexico, Oaxaca, J. Mickel 4908 (Holotype: NY!; Isotypes: MEX, UC, US!).

Distribution: Previously known only fron, Mexico, but now also from Guatemala.

Material of new distribution: GUATEMALA. Quetzaltenango: Volcán Santa María, 3200 m, M. Véliz et al. 9552 (MEXU).

 

Elaphoglossum setigerum

(Sodiro) Diels, Nat. Pfianzenfam. 1(4): 333. 1899. Acrostichum setigerum Sodiro, Anales Univ. Centr. Ecuador 4: 174. 1890. Type: Ecuador, L. Sodiro s. n. (Q-n.s.).

Distribution: Previously known frorn Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panarna, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú and Haití, but now also from Honduras.

Material of new distribution: HONDURAS. Lempira: Montañas de Celaque, SE part of massif, canyon of the Quebrada El Naranjo, 14º 33'N, 88º 39'W, 1800-1900 m, G. Davidse & R. Zúñiga 34677 (TEFH?, MO).

 

Elaphoglossum smithii

(Baker) H. Christ, Neue Denkschr. Allg. Schweiz. Ges. Gesammten Naturwiss. 36: 106, 1899. Acrostichum smithii Baker, Ann. Bot. 5: 169. 1891. Type: St. Vincent, G. Smith 1135 (Holotype: K-n.s.; Isotype: IJ).

Distribution: Previously known froin Nicaragua?, Costa Rica, Panama, Haiti, Dominican Republic and Lesser Antilles, but now the Nicaraguan distribution ¡s confirmed and also ¡s known from Venezuela.

Material of new distribution: NICARAGUA. Granada: Volcán Mombacho, ca. 11º 50'N, 85º 59'W, 1000-1222 m, (mixed with E. cf furfuraceum), J. Henrich & P Moreno 214 (NY). VENEZUELA. Bolivar: NW slopes of Cerro Venama, SE of Camp 125, 1100 m, J. Steyermark & S. Nilsson 443 (US).

 

Elaphoglossum sporadolepis

(Kunze ex Kuhn) T. Moore ex C. Chr., Index Filic. 316. 1905. Acrostichum sporadolepis Kunze ex Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 59. 1869.

Distribution: Previously known from Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Guyanas, Suriname and Brazil, but now also from Colombia, Perú and Bolivia.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Medellin-Dorada road, páramo of Sonson, 10 km from Mpio. of Sonson, 2850 m, L Atehortúa 1036 (NY, UC); Municipio de Santa Rosa, Llanos de Quiba area, ca. 24 km N of Santa Rosa de Osos, 6º 50' N, 75º 30'W, 2625 m, 27 May 1984, J. Luteyn et al. 10795 (MO). PERU. Cajamarca: Prov. Contumazá, Bosque Cachil, 2 500 m, A. Sagástegui et al. 15907 (F). BOLIVIA. La Paz: Nor Yungas Prov. Off the La Paz-Yolosa Road, along road about 1 km E of Cotapata Gas Station, and on trail on left (from La Paz), roughly North, 16º 19' S, 67º 50'W, 3200 m, A. Fay & L. Fay 2989 (F).

 

Elaphoglossum squamiferum

A. Rojas, Brenesia 45-46: 21. 1996. Type: Costa Rica, Heredia, G. Rivera 28 (Holotype: INB!).

Distribution: Previously known only from Costa Rica, but now also from El Salvador, Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador.

Material of new distribution: EL SALVADOR. Chalatenango: Cerro Pital, 2700 m, R. Seiler (F). COLOMBIA. Bogotá: Cordillera Oriental, Sueva Valley, 9 km W of Junín, 45 km NE of Bogotá, 2400 m, J. Grant 9087 (NY). Caldas: Salento to "Saguneta", old Quindío Trail, Cordillera Cetral, 2400-2700 m, E. Killip & T Hazen 9125 (US); Cordillera Central, "Pinares", above Salento, 2600-2800 m, F Pennell 9252 (NY, US). VENEZUELA. Lara: Dist. Montes, vertiente larense del Páramo de El Jabón, en dirección E a partir de la casa del señor Emiliano Vergara, 3000-3050 m, L Ruiz & M. L,ópez 976 (NY). Mérida: Distr. Rangel, Cuenca del Río Los Granates, entre la Casa Grande y el Hático, páramo de Los Granates, 2940 m, L Ruiz 8313 (NY); La Mucuy, 3000 m, V Vareschi & Pannier 1359 (US). Táchira: trail leading to summit of Páramo de Táma, 2500-3200 m, J. Luteyn et al. 5336 (NY). Trujillo: Guirigay, hacia Peña Blanca, 3200 m, Aristeguieta 3608 (NY). ECUADOR. Imbabura: "Shanshipainba", Macholoma, 2900 m, A. Acosta 14320 (F).
 
 
Elaphoglossum squamocostatum

A. Rojas, Brenesia 47-48: 13. 1997. Type: Costa Rica, Cartago, A. Rojas 1104 (Holotype: INB!; Isotype: CR!, MO).

Distribution: Previously known from Costa Rica and Ecuador, but now also from Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Haití, Dominican Republic, Porto Rico and Uinidad.

Material of new distribution: GUATEMALA. Quezaltenango: along old road between Finca Pirineos and Patzulín, 1200-1400 m, P Standley 87147 (F). Zolapa: bordering Quebrada Alejandría, summit of Sierra de Las Minas, vicinity of Finca Alejandría, 2500 m, J. Steyennark 29845 (F). HONDURAS. Ocotepeque: Aldea El Portin, Agua Caliente (Guatemala border)-Santa Rosa de Copán, 18.1 mi E of Santa Fé, 26.8 mi. SW of brodge over Río Higuito (or Río Grande) near Village of Cucuyagua Copan, 14º 28' N, 89º 15' W, 1800 m, T Croat & C. Hannon 63800 (MO, NY). PANAMA. Chiriquí: Holcomb's Trail, 610 mi. above El Boquete, 1400-1600 m, E. Killip 5170 (US); above Camp 1, Holcomb's Trail, upper Caldera Watershed (above El Boquete), E. Killip 5343 (US); vicinity of El Boquete, 1000- 1300 m, W Maxon 5058 (US). HAITI. Vicinity of Mission, Fonds Varettes, 1000 m, E. Leonard 4019 (US). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Barahona: Cordillera de Bahoruco, Sierra de Los Comisarios, above Gros-Figuier, 1000 m, E. Ekman 6768 (US). PORTO RICO. Mount. Torresilla, Hioram 248 (US). TRINIDAD. Mome Bleu ridge from Textel Station to Mome Blue Peak, 2400-2700 m, without collector (NY).

 
Elaphoglossum stenoglossum

Mickel, Brittonia 39: 325. 1987. Type: Colombia, Antioquia, L. Atehortúa 1040 (Holotype: NY!).

Distribution: Previously known from Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia and Venezuela, but now also from Bolivia.

Material of new distribution: BOLIVIA. Cochabamba: Provincia José Carrasco Torrico, 123 km antigua carretera Cochabamba-Villa Tunari, 17º 08' S, 65º 37' W, 2100 m, M. Kessler et al. 7145 (LPB?, UC).
 

Elaphoglossum styriacum

Mickel, Brittonia 39: 326. 1987. Type: Venezuela, Bolivar, J. Steyermark 75347 (Holotype: MO!).

Distribution: Previously known from Venezuela and Perú, but now also from Colombia and Brazil.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Vaupés: Río Papurí, Teresita, R. Evans & L Cabrera 19445 (US); Río Kuauyari (tributary of Río Vapués), middle and lower course, 700-800 ft., 1º 15'N, 70º 5'W, R. Evans & L Cabrera 20023 (US). BRAZIL. Anhaniga, Pédelof s. n. (F).

 
Elaphoglossum vagans

(Mett.) Hieron., Engl. Jahrb. 34: 543. 1904. Acrostichum vagans Mett. Linnaea 36: 58. 1870. Type: Brazil, Caldas, Lindberg 539 (Holotype: K-n.s.).

Distribution: Previously known only from Brazil, but now also from Bolivia.

Material of new distribution: BOLIVIA. Cochabamba: km 104 camino al Chapare, 3100 m, L Steinbach 583 (MO). Santa Cruz: Provincia Caballero, 50 km al N de Matarol (en la carretera Santa Cruz-Comarapa), pasando por San Juan del Potrero y bajando a la cuenca del Alto Río Ichilo, 2000 m, D. Smith et aL 13368 (LPB?, MO).

 
Elaphoglossum vulcanicum

H. Christ, Monogr. Elaphoglossum. 131. 1899. Type: Ecuador, Quito, L Sodiro s. iz (Holotype: K-n.s.).

Distribution: Previously known from Ecuador, Perú and Bolivia, but now also from Colombia.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Meta: Macizo de Sumapáz, vertiente odental de la Cord., Hoya de la Quebrada El Buque, 2 900-3 000 m, S. Díaz et aL 2751 (COL, MO). 131.

 
E. wurdackii

Vareschi, Acta Bot. Venez. 1: 107, fig. 11C. 1966. Tipo: Venezuela, Bolivar, J. Steyennark 58734 (no localizad).

Distribution: Previously known only from Venezuela, but now also from Colombia.

Material of new distribution: COLOMBIA. Santander: Mesa de Los Santos, 1500 m, E. Killip & A. Smith 15339 (NY).
 
 
Elaphoglossum zosteriformis

Mickel, Ann. Missourí Bot. Gard. 78: 261. 1991. Type: Venezuela, Bolívar, B. Stergios 11930 (Holotype: NY!; Isotype: UC!).

Distribution: Previously known only frorn Venezuela, but now also from French Guyana.

Material of new distribution: FRENCH GUYANA: Eau Claire: near Saül, 200 m, H. Werff & George 12984 (MO). Saül: Monts La Fumée, 3º 37'N, 53º 12'W, 200-400 m, Boom & S. Mori 1593 (MO).

This work has been possible thanks to the agreement between INBio-SINAC. To the herbaria for the specimens loans, to Teresa Terrazas for the critical revision, to Robbin Moran for his help with the original descriptions and types, and to all who, in one way or another, made this work possible.

Resumen

Nuevas especies, nuevas combinaciones y nuevas distribuciones adicionadas en el grande y difícil género Elaphoglossum. Diez especies nuevas son descritas, estas son: Elaphoglossum adrianae A. Rojas, E. betancuri A. Rojas, E. caridadiae A. Rojas, E. glabromarginatum A. Rojas, E. kessleri A. Rojas, E. macdougalii A. Rojas, E. paramicola A. Rojas, E. paziense A. Rojas, E. pseudoherminieri A. Rojas y E. solomonii A. Rojas. Tres especies son combinadas, estas son: Elaphoglossum beitelii (Mickel) A. Rojas, E. curvans (Kunze) A. Rojas y E. eutecnum (Mickel) A. Rojas. Finalmente, se amplía la distribución de 86 especies y algunos nombres de especies son sinonimizados.
 

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1 Coordinación de docencia y atención a alumnos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, sede Iztapalapa, Av. Michoacán y La Purísima s.n., Col. Vicentina, 09340, México, D. F.; arojas@xanum.uam.mx , afrojasa@hotmail.com

2 Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Apdo. 22-3100, Sto. Domingo, Heredia, Costa Rica.