Abstract

OROZCO-OROZCO, Luz Fanny et al. Floral biology of Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancr. accessions from Colombia's germplasm bank. Agron. Mesoam [online]. 2022, vol.33, n.3, 49469. ISSN 2215-3608.  http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v33i3.49469.

Introduction. The arracacha is a native Andean tuberous root, with higher productions in Brazil and Colombia. Among the limitations of the crop is the lack of information about reproductive biology (flowering and sexual seed production) stands out, which hinders the breeding of new varieties. The National Germplasm Bank System for Food and Agriculture (SBNAA) of Colombia, under the custody of the Corporacion Colombiana de Investigacion Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), conserves 71 accessions of Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancr., where flowering is frequent in up to 10 % of them. Objective. To characterize the floral structure and describe the reproductive cycle of nine arracacha accessions that flowered between 2019 and 2020. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at La Selva Research Center, Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia, where the germplasm back is kept. The morphological characterization of the accessions was carried out by recording sixteen variables at the level of floral structure, in addition to monitoring the reproductive cycle. Results. Four groupings were obtained where the variables pollen color, anther color, petal color, plant height, number of staminate flowers, and number of seeds had the greatest contribution to the variability found. The floral reproductive cycle lasted 73 days on average, in which four phenophases were found: 1. umbel emergence, 2. style separation, 3. pollen shedding, and 4. fruit filling, with an average duration of 11, 3, 4, and 55 days, respectively. Among the factors that induced flowering in arracacha were: age, plant genetics, and climate. Conclusion. The floral structures and reproductive cycle of the nine accessions of arracacha that flowered between 2019 and 2020 were characterized.

Keywords : Arracacha; flowering; characterization; morphology; notypic variability.

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