Abstract

LAVILLA, M.  and  IVANCOVICH, A.. Relationship among diseases and grain yield in soybean. Agron. Mesoam [online]. 2021, vol.32, n.2, pp.479-486. ISSN 2215-3608.  http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v32i2.44057.

Introduction. Vascular and foliage diseases are among the most relevant factors affecting soybean production. Objective. To quantify the damage of vascular and foliage diseases on the yield of soybean (Glycine max) crops. Materials and methods. This study was carried out for two consecutive years (2018 and 2019) in the town of Pergamino Buenos Aires, Argentina. In the case of vascular diseases, the sampling was carried out on 40 lots from the town of Pergamino. In each batch, 30 pairs of plants were collected by relieved disease. Each pair of plants was harvested by hand quantifying the number of grains per plant (NGP) and the yield per plant (RP). For the quantification of yield losses due to foliage diseases, tests were carried out with and without foliar fungicide. In each treatment the yield (kg ha-1) and its main components were determined. Results. The wet rot of the stem caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was the disease that generated the greatest damage losses in the NGP and RP. Vascular diseases can cause damage losses in the crop yield per plant, greater than 50 % and this must be associated with the percentage of incidence of the disease or diseases present in the soybean lot to determine the total damage losses. Foliage diseases in soybean can significantly reduce the yield between 11 % to 20 %, if they are not controlled in time with foliar fungicides. Conclusion. The vascular and foliage diseases diagnosed in this study significantly reduced the yield and its components in the soybean crop.

Keywords : foliar fungicides; vascular diseases; foliage diseases.

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