Resumo

SALAZAR-ANTON, Wilber  e  GUZMAN-HERNANDEZ, Tomás de Jesús. Parasitic nematodes associated to tomato  plants in western Nicaragua. Agron. Mesoam [online]. 2013, vol.24, n.1, pp.27-36. ISSN 2215-3608.

The objective of this study was to identify parasitic nematodes associated with the tomato crop in Leon and Chinandega western region of Nicaragua. During the period of  2010-2011, five tomato fields were sampled in both Leon and Chinandega; these samples included soil and roots, the total sampled area was of 2.5 ha. Eight samples were collected from each of the ten tomato plantations studied, for a total of 80 samples. Soil  and root samples were taken 10 m from each other in a zig-zag pattern. Soil nematode  extraction  was  conducted  using  the  Modified Baermann  funnel  technique  and  maceration  and  sieving method was used for root nematodes. The data obtained was correlated with predisposing factors that have been reported to influence nematodes such as soil type, crop rotation and precipitation.  Similarly, the population growth of the main nematode genera was described through mathematical models. The greatest densities of nematodes were isolated from soil samples; the most common nematodes in 100 grams of soil were Meloidogyne with 739,  Pratylenchus with 555, Tylenchorhynchus with 386  and Helicotylenchus with 252. It was proven that precipitation had no significant effect on the parasitic nematode population. Finally, it was determined that the increasing number of Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus in the tomato crop fit a linear mathematical model (R2=0,98 for both nematodes), showing an existing positive and linear correlation  between the phenological stages of the tomato and the increment of the nematodes in the soil.

Palavras-chave : population dynamics; Meloidogyne; Pratylenchus; crop rotations; soil types.

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