Abstract

BONILLA-BAGNARELLO, Yanín et al. Niveles séricos de lipoproteína (a), apoproteínas A₁ y B₁₀₀ y otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular en una población de adultos del área urbana de San José, Costa Rica. Rev. costarric. cardiol [online]. 2013, vol.15, n.2, pp.07-14. ISSN 1409-4142.

Introduction and objectives: Cardiovascular disease is the first death cause in Costa Rica. This investigation proposes the study of new risk factors in an adult population of the province of San José. Methods: This study evaluated the lipid profile, glucose and other related cardiovascular risk factors in 430 adults aged 20 to 60 years, residents of the metropolitan area of San José, Costa Rica. Results: The prevalences of hyperlipoprotein (a) (≥ 0,3 g/L), hyperapoprotein B (> 0,65 g/L), hypercholesterolemia (> 5,17 mmol/L), impaired glucose tolerance (5,55-6,98 mmol/L) and diabetes mellitus (≥ 6,99 mmol/L) were 67,8%, 87,4%, 46,3 %, 14,2% and 5,7% respectively, without significant differences between genders. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (>1, 69 mmol/L) was 45,3%, being higher among the male population (53,4% vs. 37,2%; p = 0,001). A significant percentage of the people included in this study had simultaneously high levels of lipoprotein (a) (n =313) and high levels of another coronary risk factors such as: high cholesterol (52,1% had levels ≥ 5,17 mmol/L); high triglycerides (44,4% had levels ≥ 1,69 mmol/L); low HDL-cholesterol (25,2% had levels < 1,03 mmol/L); high LDL-cholesterol (67,4% had levels ≥ 2,58 mmol/L), high Castelli Index (45,0% had levels ≥ 4,5) , high glucose (17,9% had levels ≥ 5,55 mmol/L) and finally high levels of apoprotein B (88,8% had levels > 0,65 g/L). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the studied population, according to the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria, was 4,2%, being higher among the male group (7,3% vs. 1,7%; p = 0,008). Conclusions: The studied adults represent a recurrent consultant population in the first level of medical attention, with high risk of cardiovascular disease because of the accumulation of risk factors, most of which are modifiable. It is highly recommended to reinforce health care policies to promote physical activity, healthier eating habits and a more strict control of lipid profile results, glucose serum levels and body weight control.

Keywords : Cardiovascular disease; risk factors; lipoprotein; apoprotein B; apoprotein A-1.

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