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Revista Costarricense de Salud Pública

versão impressa ISSN 1409-1429

Resumo

SERRU DIAZ, Lisseth; LACLE MURRAY, Adriana  e  COTO, Carolina. ¿Sobrepeso o "achicamiento" en escolares de sexto grado de un área urbano marginal del área metropolitana?. Rev. costarric. salud pública [online]. 2003, vol.12, n.22, pp.53-66. ISSN 1409-1429.

Introduction: Obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disorder in Costa Rican children and adolescents. The last Nutritional National survey reveals a prevalence of 23.2% on women from 15-19 years and about 20% in scholars from the metropolitan area. The Body Mass Index (BMI) is used internationally to diagnose the overweight grade or obesity risk. In populations with high prevalence of stunting, as is the case of developing countries like ours, this indicator has to be used with caution, as it has been demonstrated in a Guatemala study, that even thou the IMC was high, the children had normal skin folds; therefore BMI can overestimate the overweight prevalence on this children. Considering the obesity tendencias in our country it's necessary to know the magnitude of this problem in our adolescent population, because many investigations determine that these tendencies prevails until adult age and constitute a risk factor to develop many chronic diseases. Besides knowing the prevalence, it's also important to analyze if the BMI is an appropriate indicator for nutritional vigilance in adolescent population. The present research evaluates, compares and correlates the BMI with other national and internacional nutritional indicators and the anthropometric results of 746 sixth graders from an urban marginal metropolitan area as part of an investigation about risk factors to develop Diabetes type 2. Objective: Determine the overweight prevalence on sixth grade scholars from an urban marginal area and it's relations with "stunting" and other national and internacional anthropometric indicators. Results: Stunting was present in about 10% for both sexes. This percentage increased in 1% when the children with overweight by BMI was analyzed considering those with normal weight but with low height as an indicator of stunt ness . The weight and height median were lower than the reference values for NCHS; the indicators W/A and H/A, also showed a difference with NCHS data that persistes until the age of 14 years. The comparison of the BMI values of the studied scholars with Hispanic north American and white adolescents from NHANES showed a similar behavior with the NHANES data, and were lower in relation to those of the hispanic north American adolescents. Conclusion: The future investigations with adolescents shouid include a body fat measilrement to know the percentage of overweight that is over estimated by stunting, in order to built a mathematic correcting factor which can he used to correct the data of the NCHS BMI Tables. A measure for sexual development should also be included.

Palavras-chave : Adolescentes; Sobrepeso; Achicamiento.

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