Abstract

CARVAJAL CARVAJAL, Carlos. Sindrome metabólico: definiciones, epidemiología, etiología, componentes y tratamiento. Med. leg. Costa Rica [online]. 2017, vol.34, n.1, pp.175-193. ISSN 2215-5287.

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a clinical disorder characterized by abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. The MS is a state of chronic low grade inflammation with profound systemic effects. The MS increases the risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The risk for adverse health outcomes increase substantially with accumulation of components MS risk factors. Over the last two decades, various organizations have proposed different definitions, using varying terminologies. Several factors modulates the prevalence of MS including lifestyle factors such as por nutritional quality and lack of physical activity. Age, race, and sex also contribute to metabolic susceptibility. Excess ectopic and/or visceral adiposity is fundamental to the pathophysiology of MS.

An initial approach in the therapy of MS include some combination among weight reduction, dietary modification, and increased physical activity, preferably all three. Pharmacological treatment should be considered for those whose risk factors are not adequately reduced with the preventive measures and lifestyle changes.

Keywords : Metabolic syndrome; obesity; type 2 diabetes mellitus; dyslipidemia; insulin resistance.

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