Abstract

ABARCA, Alejandro. Cefalea en Racimos. Med. leg. Costa Rica [online]. 2016, vol.33, n.1, pp.246-253. ISSN 2215-5287.

Cluster headache is one of the most painful primary headache disorders with a prevalence of about 1-4/1000 of the adult population. Approximately 90% of affected individuals experience daily attacks for several weeks to months (cluster periods) separated by attack-free intervals lasting for months to years (remission periods). The other 10% of sufferers exhibit a more chronic pattern marked by attacks that persist for longer than 1 year with no remission or only short periods of remission. During attacks, most patients experience severe, unilateral pain, primarily around the orbit. The onset of attack is rapid and reaches peak intensity within 5 to 15 minutes. Attacks typically last from 45 minutes to 90minutes, but they may last longer than 3 or more hours. Associated autonomic symptoms occur on the same side of the headache and include conjunctival injection and lacrimation, nasal congestion or rhinorrhea, and partial Horner syndrome. Despite the pathophysiologic mechanisms remain undetermined, its circadian and circannual periodicity suggest the implication of the hypothalamus in the pathogenesis of the disorder. Most patients are successfully managed with medical therapy; medication management can be divided into abortive treatments (such as oxygen or subcutaneous sumatriptan) for an ongoing attack and prophylactic treatment, which aims to induce and maintain a remission.

Keywords : Cluster Headache; Horton Headache.

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