Abstract

MARTINEZ-TABCHE, Laura; ROMERO SOLIS, Martha; LOPEZ LOPEZ, Eugenia  and  GALAR MARTINEZ, Marcela. Efecto tóxico del DDT, clordano y agua de la presa Ignacio Ramírez (México), sobre Daphnia magna (Crustacea: Daphnidae). Rev. biol. trop [online]. 1999, vol.47, n.4, pp.681-690. ISSN 0034-7744.

Chlorodiphenylnitrichloroethane (DDT) and chlordane (CLO) are currently used in Mexico to control malaria and termites. From 1990 to 1996 a total of 27 ton of DDT and 508 of CLO were imported. We establish a methodology to determine their environmental impact in a Mexican dam (Ignacio Ramírez). The toxic effect of DDT and CLO were evaluated on the o-demethylase (OD) and acethycholinesterase activities (AchA) of the cladoceran Daphnia magna exposed to different concentrations of the insecticides solved in water from three sites. Their effect on the AchA and OD activities, and so the CL50 were used as exposure bioindicators to determine the more polluted sites. The physicochemical characteristics of water and the biodiversity of the dam test sites were considered. The station near the floodgate has toxicity potential because enzimatic activities were modified. We suggest the use of AchA and OD activities measure in the cladoceran to evaluate the toxicity of a water body polluted by organochlorate insecticides.

Keywords : Daphnia magna; pesticides; o-demethylase; acetylcholinesterase; toxicity; reservoir.