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Acta Médica Costarricense
On-line version ISSN 0001-6002Print version ISSN 0001-6012
Abstract
GUEVARA-RODRIGUEZ, Moraima and ROMERO-ZUNIGA, Juan José. Factors Associated with Surgical Wound Infection in Patients for Elective Clean Surgery at the Hospital"Dr. Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia, Costa Rica. Acta méd. costarric [online]. 2010, vol.52, n.3, pp.159-166. ISSN 0001-6002.
Aim: Surgical wound infection (SWI) is one of the most frequent causes of nosocomial infection world wide, leading to important social and medical costs. This study aims to identify and quantify risk factors for SWI in a costarican hospital. Methods: A cohort study of 488 elective patients, operated between April and June 2006, was carried out. The patients were divided in 2 groups, those in which operating room traffic was restricted, group A, and those in which it was not, group B. The statistical analysis was performed in 2 major phases: descriptive and analytical; in the first one, measures of frequency (absolute and relative) were calculated. In the second one, a logistic procedure was done in 2 steps, univariate and multivariate. Results: An overall incidence of 35.2 % (172/488) of SWI was found. The cumulative incidence in group A reached 31.8% (76/239), while in group B it was 38.6% (96/249) (p=0.12). Only the surgical procedures of organs and bone/joint presented higher risk of SWI (OR 2.42; 95% CI: 1.5-3.8), while surgeries in the rooms of unrestricted transit and diabetic patients had no association with the infection. Conclusion:Diabetes and depth of surgery should be taken into account in the profile of patients with increased risk of suffering SWI; furthermore, even though there was no epidemiological association between restricted operative roon traffic and not restricted, and SWI, although the difference in incidence of SWI, was not statistically significant, it is advisable to restrict the transit of persons in operating rooms, according to international standards.
Keywords : infección hospitalaria; infección de herida operatoria; estudio de cohorte; factores de riesgo; infection; surgical wound infection; cohort study; risk factors.