Actualidades en Psicología

Editorial

Factores predictores de la satisfacción vital en estudiantes de educación de la universidad Surcolombiana

Resumen Preguntarse por la satisfacción vital en una facultad de educación permite un acercamiento a expectativas de futuros agentes formadores de la sociedad. Desde esa perspectiva, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar qué factores predicen la satisfacción vital del estudiantado de Educación de la Universidad Surcolombiana y compararlo con otros constructos en función de la variable sexo. Se realizó un estudio analítico y transversal con 408 participantes. Se recogieron datos a través de la Escala de Satisfacción con la vida en Adolescentes (ESVA), Versión española del Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24), Cuestionario de Esquema Interpersonal Asertivo (AISQ) y Autoconcepto (Forma AF-5). Los resultados evidenciaron cómo la satisfacción vital fue predicha por la dimensión familiar del AF-5 (autoconcepto) (β = .274 [.210 - .324]; p < .001) y dimensión de reparación emocional del TMMS-24 (inteligencia emocional) (β = .201 [.144 - .231]; p < .001). No hay diferencias significativas en función de la variable sexo. Los resultados se discuten en relación con la literatura existente.

Abstract Asking oneself about the satisfaction of life within a faculty of education brings us closer to the expectations of the future trainers of society. From this perspective, the objective of this study is to analyze which factors predict life satisfaction of students at Surcolombiana University and compare them to other constructs based on the sex variable. An analytical and transversal study was carried out with 408 participants. Data were collected through the Adolescent Life Satisfaction Scale (ESVA), Spanish version of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24), Assertive Interpersonal Scheme Questionnaire (AISQ) and the Self-concept (Form AF- 5). Results showed that life satisfaction was predicted by the family dimension of AF-5 (self-concept) (β = .274 [.210 - .324]; p < .001) and the dimension of emotional repair of TMMS-24 (emotional intelligence) (β = .201 [.144 - .231], p < .001). There are no significant differences depending on the sex variable. Results are discussed in relation to the existing literature.

Validación de una escala de perfeccionismo en niños peruanos

Resumen Este artículo validó la Escala de Perfeccionismo Infantil (EPI) de Oros en una población infantil peruana. Se contó con la participación de 1084 niños con edades comprendidas entre los 7 y 12 años (M = 9.75; DE = 1.23) de siete instituciones educativas, privadas y públicas. El Análisis Factorial Exploratorio reveló una escala bidimensional oblicua (Reacción ante el fracaso y Autodemandas); no obstante, tres ítems tuvieron una carga < .30. El Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio corroboró la estructura bidimensional oblicua con la salvedad de errores correlacionados. La fiabilidad fue estimada mediante el coeficiente Omega (ω = .810). Se concluye que la EPI cuenta con evidencia de validez y fiabilidad de las puntuaciones.

Abstract This article discusses the validation of the Oros’ Child Perfectionism Scale (EPI) in a Peruvian child population. A total of 1084 children aged 7 to 12 years (M = 9.75, SD = 1.23) from seven private and public educational institutions participated. Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed an oblique two-dimensional scale (Reaction to failure and Self-orders); however, three items had a load <. 30. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis corroborated the bidimensional oblique structure with the exception of correlated errors. Reliability was estimated using the Omega coefficient (ω = .810). It is concluded that the EPI has evidence of validity and reliability of the scores.

Comportamientos proactivos en el trabajo: adaptación y análisis psicométrico de una escala

Resumen Objetivo: adaptar la Escala de Comportamientos Proactivos de Belschak y Den Hartog, y analizar sus propiedades psicométricas. Método: se realizó un estudio instrumental sobre una muestra no probabilística de 461 trabajadores argentinos. Resultados: análisis factoriales indicaron la pertinencia de un modelo oblicuo de tres factores (SBχ2= 1.79; GFI = .95; CFI = .94; RMSEA = .03) rotulados como comportamientos proactivos orientados a la organización, a los demás, y a uno mismo, respectivamente; con 10 variables observables, invariante según sexo y con adecuada confiabilidad (α = .78; CR = .77; ω= .72). Se obtuvo evidencia de validez convergente-discriminante y concurrente a partir del cómputo del índice AVE (AVE > .50; √AVE < rs ), y de sus correlaciones con medidas de personalidad proactiva (CP orientados a la organización: rs = .34, p < .01; CP orientados a los demás: rs = .30, p < .01; CP orientados a uno mismo: rs = .36, p < .01), satisfacción (CP orientados a la organización: rs = .40, p < .01; CP orientados a los demás: rs = 31, p < .01; CP orientados a uno mismo: rs = .44, p < .01) e implicación laboral (CP orientados a la organización: rs = .36, p < .01; CP orientados a los demás: rs= .25, p < .05; CP orientados a uno mismo: rs = .42, p < .01). Conclusión: se han obtenido evidencias de validez, invarianza factorial y confiabilidad de la versión argentina del instrumento.

Abstract Objective: To adapt the Belschak & Den Hartog Proactive Behaviours Scale and analyze their psychometric properties. Method: An instrumental study was carried out on a non-probabilistic sample of 461 Argentine workers. Results: Factorial analysis indicated an oblique model of three factors (SBχ2 = 1.79; GFI = .95; CFI = .94; RMSEA = .03) labeled as proactive behaviours pro-organizational, prosocial and pro-self, respectively, with 10 observable variables, invariant across to sex and with adequate composite reliability (α = .78; CR = .77; ω = .72). Evidence of convergent, discriminate and concurrent validity was obtained from the calculation of the AVE index (AVE > .50; √AVE < rs) and its correlations with measures of proactive personality (pro-organizational proactivity: rs = .34, p < .01; prosocial proactivity: rs = .30, p < .01; pro-self proactivity: rs = .36, p < .01), job satisfaction (pro-organizational proactivity: rs = .40, p < .01; prosocial proactivity: rs = 31, p < .01; pro-self proactivity: rs = .44, p < .01) and job involvement (pro-organizational proactivity: rs = .36, p < .01; prosocial proactivity: rs = .25, p < .05; pro-self proactivity: rs = .42, p < .01). Conclusion: evidence of validity, factor invariance and reliability of the Argentine version of the scale were obtained.

Los padres como promotores del desarrollo de lenguaje de bebés prematuros: propuesta de intervención temprana

Resumen Objetivo: Comparar dos sistemas de puntuación para un test de fluidez verbal con el Modelo de Escalas de Calificación. Método: Se analizaron datos de 289 participantes, de los cuales 92 habían sido diagnosticados con Parkinson. Las puntuaciones se calcularon con dos sistemas de categorización: un procedimiento convencional y otro basado en percentiles. Resultados: Las puntuaciones Rasch procedentes de percentiles dan lugar a categorías adecuadas y medidas fiables; la correlación con las puntuaciones del test Minimental es evidencia de validez concurrente. Tras controlar estadísticamente el efecto de la edad, las medidas Rasch procedentes de percentiles discriminan entre ambos grupos, lo que evidencia validez predictiva. Conclusiones: El análisis de los dos procedimientos permite recomendar el uso de las categorías basadas en percentiles.

Abstract Objective: Two scoring systems for a verbal fluency test were compared using the Rasch Rating Scale Model. Method: The analysis was carried out on 289 participants, 92 of whom had had a Parkinson’s disease diagnosis. Scores were calculated with two different category systems: a conventional procedure and a percentile-based one. Results: The percentile-based Rasch scores produce adequate categories and reliable measures, while the correlation with the Mini Mental State Examination evinces concurrent validity. After statistically controlling for age, percentile-based Rasch measures discriminated between both groups, demonstrating predictive validity. Conclusions: The analysis of the two procedures allows for the recommendation of the use of percentile-based categories.

Contrasting two verbal fluency scoring systems using the rasch rating scale model

Negotiated conjugality: elements for understanding the meaning that couples attribute to money

Resumo As recentes transformações socioeconômicas alteraram as relações conjugais, criando novos modelos e exigindo novas habilidades para o ajuste das relações afetivas. Assim, a gestão do dinheiro emerge como aspecto basilar para entender as relações conjugais. Objetivo deste estudo é compreender o significado que os cônjuges atribuem ao dinheiro e suas implicações na dinâmica conjugal. Para isto, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória de caráter qualitativo com cinco casais de classe média. As informações coletadas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo e evidenciaram que o significado atribuído ao dinheiro pelos casais entrevistados está intrinsecamente relacionado ao modelo apreendido em suas famílias de origem, fazendo emergir conflitos e exigindo um exercício de negociação para preservação da vida conjugal.

Abstract Recent socioeconomic transformations have altered marital relationships, creating new models and requiring new skills to adjust affective relationships. Thus money management emerges as a basic aspect of understanding marital relationships. The purpose of this study is to understand the meaning that spouses attribute to money and its implications in the conjugal dynamics. For this, an exploratory qualitative study was carried out with five middle-class couples. The information collected was submitted to content analysis, and it showed that the meaning attributed to the money by the couples interviewed is intrinsically related to the model seized in their families of origin, causing conflicts to arise and requiring a negotiation exercise to preserve married life.

Relationship between father and children after divorce: integrative literature review

Resumo A continuidade da relação entre o pai e os filhos após o divórcio favorece o desenvolvimento da criança e da família. Este estudo teve por objetivo apresentar uma revisão integrativa da literatura de pesquisas empíricas, acerca da relação entre o pai e os filhos após o divórcio/separação conjugal. Os resultados sugerem que: existem fatores que favorecem e fatores que dificultam a relação entre pai e filhos após o divórcio; essa relação exerce influências sobre o desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes; a paternidade de pais separados é marcada por especificidades; e, intervenções psicológicas com o pai divorciado são indicadas para melhorar o funcionamento de famílias binucleares. Destaca-se a relevância desta temática para a formação de profissionais das áreas da saúde, educação e jurídica, pois se trata de um fenômeno multifacetado, complexo e relevante para o desenvolvimento da criança e da família.

Abstract The continuity of the relationship between the father and the children after the divorce favors the development of the child and the family. This study aimed to present an integrative review of empirical research literature on the relationship between fathers and children after divorce/marital separation. The results suggests that: there are factors that favor and factors that hinder the relationship between fathers and children after divorce; this relationship exerts influence on the development of children and adolescents; separated-father parenting is marked by specific characteristics; and psychological interventions with divorced fathers are indicated to improve the functioning of binuclear families. This subject is highly relevant for the training of professionals in the health, education and legal fields, since it is a multifaceted phenomenon, complex and relevant for the development of children and family.

Satisfacción con la vida, bienestar psicológico y social como predictores de la salud mental en ecuatorianos

Resumen Se indaga sobre la predictibilidad de la Satisfacción con la vida y el Bienestar Psicológico y Social en la Salud Mental en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios del Ecuador a través de un análisis descriptivo de predicción, comparativo por sexo y universidad. Es un estudio de corte transversal en el que participaron 982 estudiantes de tres universidades de Cuenca y Ambato, en Ecuador. Se encontró que el bienestar subjetivo, psicológico y social predicen el 55.1% de explicación de la varianza de Salud Mental. Además, existen diferencias por género en la Satisfacción con la vida (t = -1.98; p < .05) y el Bienestar Social (t = -2.34; p < .05), en este último las mujeres puntúan más que los hombres. También hay diferencias por el tipo de universidad en la Satisfacción con la vida (t = -3.11; p < .01), el Bienestar Psicológico (t = -3.21; p < .01) y la Salud Mental (t = -2.22; p < .05) con mejores puntajes en la universidad cofinanciada. Con estos elementos, se concluye que los distintos indicadores del bienestar individual predicen considerablemente la salud mental.

Abstract The predictability of Satisfaction of the Life and the Psychological and Social well-being in Mental Health in a sample of university students from Ecuador is explored through a descriptive analysis of prediction, comparative by sex and university; and of cross section in which 982 students participated from three universities from Cuenca and Ambato in Ecuador. It was found that subjective, psychological and social well-being predict 55.1% of explination of the Mental Health variance. Further, there are differences by gender in Satisfaction with life (t = -1.98; p < .05) and Social Welfare (t = -2.34; p < .05) in which women score more than men; and by the type of university in the Satisfaction with the life (t = -3.11; p < .01), the Psychological Well-being (t = -3.21; p < .01) and the Mental Health (t = -2.22; p < .05) with better scores in the co-financed university. With these elements, it is concluded that the different indicators of individual well-being significantly predict mental health.