Scielo RSS <![CDATA[Revista de Estudios Históricos de la Masonería Latinoamericana y Caribeña]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/rss.php?pid=1659-422320170001&lang=en vol. 8 num. 2 lang. en <![CDATA[SciELO Logo]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/img/en/fbpelogp.gif http://www.scielo.sa.cr <![CDATA[<em>Freemasonry and Fascism in Italy (1917-1943)</em>]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100001&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en ResumenEn esta conferencia se aborda la relación entre masonería y fascismo en Italia entre 1917 y 1943. Esta relación fue y es tratada hasta el momento de forma general entre mitos y leyendas, restableciendo en esta ocasión, los principales hitos de su historia. ¿Masonería y fascismo, incompatibles? ¿Cuándo? ¿Cómo? ¿Para quién? Los matices son numerosos y muy importantes para comprender ese periodo, ese lugar, tanto a unos como a los otros que, en no pocas ocasiones, compartieron los mismos nombres y apellidos. Mussolini navegó en aguas turbulentas aprovechándose de las fuerzas de las mismas según le convenía. ¿Qué hizo?<hr/>AbstractAt this conference, the relationship between freemasonry and fascism in Italy between 1917 and 1943 has been analyzed. This relationship has thus far been generally shrouded by myths and legends, forcing historians to reconsider the period and the major milestones in its history. Were Freemasonry and Fascism incompatible? When? How? For whom? The nuances are numerous and crucial to understanding that specific time and place, just as in other contexts, which on many occasions shared the same names and features. Mussolini sailed into troubled waters, taking advantage of them as it suited him. What did he do? <![CDATA[<em>Against the State: Freemasonry, Patriotic Societies and the Inquisition in New Spain between the French Revolution and the Revolution of Independence</em>]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100014&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en ResumenDurante el período comprendido entre la Revolución Francesa y la Revolución de Independencia, la Inquisición procesó activamente no solo a aquellos que iban en contra de la ortodoxia católica, sino también a aquellos que se expresaban en contra de la monarquía y el gobierno. Entre estos últimos, se encontraban muchos masones y miembros de sociedades patrióticas organizadas a semejanza de la masonería.<hr/>AbstractIn the lapse between the French Revolution and the Latin American Wars of Independence, the Inquisition actively prosecuted not only those who did not comply with Catholic orthodoxy but also those who dared to raise their voice against the Monarchy and the Government. Amongst the latter, there were many Freemasons and members of the patriotic societies molded in a Freemasonry-like style. <![CDATA[<em>The Constitutions of Anderson in Spain</em>]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100037&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en ResumenLas Constituciones de Anderson, texto fundacional de la masonería moderna, pasó por el siglo XIX casi ignorado por los hermanos españoles, indiferentes a todo lo que procedía de la masonería inglesa y, por lo general, reacios a los discursos espiritualistas y legendarios de la Orden. Hubo que esperar al siglo XX (1936) para que se publicara la edición en español, a la que se añadió algunos antiguos Landmarks, aunque su publicación llegaba tarde, pues ese mismo año estallaba la guerra civil en España.<hr/>AbstractThe Constitutions of Anderson, the founding text of modern Freemasonry, went through the nineteenth century almost ignored by the Spanish brothers, who were generally indifferent to everything that came from English Freemasonry and usually reluctant to embrace the spiritualist discourses and legendary speeches of the Order. The text was not widely circulated until the twentieth century (1936) production of the Spanish edition, to which was added some of the antiquated Landmarks. However, its publication appeared too late, because that same year civil war broke out in Spain. <![CDATA[<em>Birth and Development of the Uruguayan Freemasonry in the Nineteenth Century</em>]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100049&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en ResumenAnte la ausencia de trabajos históricos sobre la masonería uruguaya, el presente artículo pretende analizar los orígenes y la institucionalización de la Orden en el siglo XIX. Para ello se revisan documentos procedentes de las primeras logias nacionales, artículos de prensa de la época y numerosos trabajos sobre la historia de la masonería en la región. El objetivo fundamental es rescatar el proceso de institucionalización que desarrolla la masonería en Uruguay tomando como referencia las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cómo se desarrolló este proceso? ¿Cuáles son las influencias de la masonería uruguaya? ¿Cómo era la relación entre las distintas logias?<hr/>AbstractIn the absence of historical works on Uruguayan Freemasonry, this article aims to analyze the origins and institutionalization of the Order in the nineteenth century. To do this, documents from the first national lodges, newspaper articles of the time and numerous works on the history of Freemasonry in the region are reviewed. The main objective is to rescue the institutionalization process that developed Freemasonry in Uruguay by considering the following questions: How did this process take place? What were the primary influences on the development of Uruguayan Freemasonry? What was the relationship between the different lodges? <![CDATA[<em>On William Walker and his Connections with and Some Secret Societies</em>]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100070&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en ResumenSegún diversas fuentes, William Walker recibió la ayuda de sociedades secretas para sus incursiones filibusteras en Centroamérica. Se seleccionaron algunas fuentes principales para examinar algunas dimensiones del problema que se plantea en el presente artículo: ¿tuvo el proyecto de William Walker una conexión real con organizaciones secretas? Se hace énfasis en la crítica de las fuentes y los posibles intereses que yacen detrás de los hechos que narran.<hr/>AbstractAccording to various sources, William Walker received the aid of secret societies for his filibustering raids in Central America. Four main sources were selected to examine some aspects of the problem addressed in this article: Did Walker’s projects have a real connection with secret organizations? The emphasis is on criticism of sources and any interest that lies behind the facts stated. <![CDATA[<em>Orientalist soldiers: Theosophy and Freemasonry in North Africa during Second Spanish Republic</em>]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100095&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en ResumenLa vinculación entre masonería y teosofía ha sido objeto de distintos análisis por parte de la historiografía, sobre todo porque muchos masones españoles pertenecieron a su vez a distintos movimientos y asociaciones teosóficas que se expandieron y constituyeron por todo el territorio nacional desde finales del siglo XIX. Sin embargo, en el Protectorado español de Marruecos, la mayor parte de los integrantes y simpatizantes de la Sociedad Teosófica no solo fueron masones y teósofos, sino que fueron militares de diferente graduación. El propósito de este trabajo es, precisamente, aproximarnos a la relación entre este trinomio particular, la masonería, la teosofía y el estamento militar, a partir del análisis ideológico de las prácticas y discursos de aquellos miembros de esta asociación. Sin olvidar, por un lado, cómo se estructuró y definió esta interrelación ideológica en el contexto republicano y colonial de marcado carácter militar, y, por otra, cómo influyó en los procesos sociopolíticos que vivía España y su Protectorado en los años previos a la Guerra Civil.<hr/>AbstractThe link between Freemasonry and Theosophy has been the subject of a variety of analyses throughout masonic historiography. This is largely because many Spanish masons belonged to different theosophical movements and associations, which were expanded and established throughout the country beginning in the late nineteenth century. However, in the Spanish protectorate in Morocco, most of the members and supporters of the Theosophical Society were not only masons and theosophists, but also military personnel with different ranks. The purpose of this work is to approach the relationship between Freemasonry, Theosophy and militarism, based on an ideological analysis of the practices and discourses of the members of this association without forgetting, on the one hand, how this ideological interplay was structured and defined in the republican and colonial context for military purposes, and on the other hand, how it influenced the socio-political processes that Spain experienced in the years before the Civil War. <![CDATA[<em>Opera and Freemasonry: The Funeral Canticle of José María Velásquez</em>]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100118&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en ResumenEl Cántico Fúnebre es una obra para tenor y orquesta escrita por el compositor venezolano del siglo XIX José María Velásquez con texto del político y escritor Francisco Conde. El Cántico fue escrito para los funerales de Juan José Conde, prócer de la Independencia y uno de los fundadores de la masonería local. Los rasgos más particulares de esta obra son la marcada influencia operística que posee la música y las referencias simbólicas masónicas del poema. Este artículo ofrece, en primer lugar, una visión de la ópera en Latinoamérica y su utilización como instrumento emulador de la cultura europea. Luego se estudia el proceso mediante el cual la ópera fue penetrando el ritual masónico hasta manifestarse plenamente en la ceremonia fúnebre y, finalmente, como las élites gobernantes, integradas en su mayoría por miembros de la orden y las clases medias, adoptaron a la ópera como uno de sus principales valores culturales.<hr/>AbstractCántico Fúnebre is a musical piece for tenor and orchestra written by nineteenth century Venezuelan composer Jose Maria Velasquez with lyrics by the politician and writer Francisco Conde. Cántico was written for the funeral of Juan Jose Conde, an independence leader and one of the founders of the local Masonry. The particular features of this piece are the remarkable influence of opera and the Masonic symbolism in the poem. This article provides, firstly, a vision of opera in Latin America and its use as a tool to emulate European culture. Then, it considers the process by which the opera penetrated Masonic rituals until fully manifested in the funeral ceremony, and finally, how the ruling elites, composed mostly of members of the order and the middle classes, adopted appreciation of opera as one of their main cultural values. <![CDATA[<em>Art and Masonic culture in the Baroque Mexico</em>]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100148&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en ResumenA pesar de su importancia, la masonería en el arte del México barroco es un tema ausente en la historiografía, no obstante, existen elementos suficientes para pensar que pese a todos los obstáculos que enfrentaron, artistas y sociedad pudieron vincularse con la cultura masónica desde finales del siglo XVII y principios del siglo XVIII. Conceptos como el del Gran Arquitecto del Universo, la representación de los Santos Coronados, la presencia de símbolos iconográficos como la escuadra, el compás y la plomada, así como el retrato de un arquitecto novohispano como maestro masón, nos llevan a considerar esa posibilidad. Todo ello, dentro de un contexto artístico y social en el que deben tomarse en cuenta la crisis gremial y la existencia de una cofradía titulada de Nuestra Señora de los Gozos y Santos Arquitectos. En este artículo presento avances de una investigación más amplia que desarrollo en torno a ese tema.<hr/>AbstractDespite its importance, Freemasonry in the art of the Baroque Mexico is absent in historiography, though there are enough elements to believe that despite all the obstacles faced, developments in art and society can be linked to Masonic culture since the end of the seventeenth century and early eighteenth century. Masonic concepts such as the Great architect of the universe, the representation of the Saints crowned, the presence of iconographic symbols such as the square, compass and Plumb, as well as the portrait of a novohispano architect as a master mason, lead us to explore that possibility. All of this considered within a social and artistic context must take into account the trade crisis and the existence of a titled Brotherhood of our Lady of joys and Santos architects. In this article I present advancements of a broader investigation that I'm developing on this important issue. <![CDATA[<em>The History of Pocomia in Limon (Costa Rica) and Bocas del Toro (Panama). From Late Nineteenth Century to the Present</em>]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100195&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en ResumenLa historia de la ciudad de Limón es totalmente diferente a la historia de Costa Rica. Su origen cultural, económico, étnico y hasta urbanístico marcan una diferencia tan grande que incluso se podría hablar de un país dentro de otro país. Una de las causas que marcaron esa diferencia fue la construcción de un verdadero mega proyecto, nos referimos al ferrocarril que uniría la capital con el Caribe. Trabajaron en la construcción italianos, chinos, centroamericanos, coolies de la India, negros caribeños que en su gran mayoría eran jamaiquinos y uno que otro aventurero del valle central. Limón se convirtió en el asentamiento de culturas y tradiciones diferentes al resto del país. Se pretende entonces hacer un estudio de uno de los credos religiosos ampliamente difundido en el Caribe y en lugares del continente americano donde llegaron inmigrantes jamaiquinos, nos referimos a la pocomía.<hr/>AbstractThe history of the city of Limon is completely different from that of Costa Rica. Its cultural, economic, ethnic and even urban origins (background) are so drastically disparate that it could be said that it is a country within a country. One example that clearly illustrates this difference was the construction of the railroad, a major project that connected the capital with the Caribbean side of the country. The people who worked on the railroad were Italians, Chinese, Central Americans, Coolies from India, Blacks from the Caribbean (mainly Jamaicans), and a few adventurers from the Central Valley. Thus, Limon became a hub of unique culture and traditions, distinct from the rest of the country. A study will be made of Pocomia, one of the religious creeds that was widely diffused in the Caribbean and in other parts of the American Continent where Jamaican immigrants arrived. <![CDATA[<em>Freemasonry at election times: The phenomenon of Bronco and anti- Masonry at Nuevo Leon, Mexico (2015)</em>]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100222&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en ResumenEn las elecciones estatales de 2015 en México, Jaime Rodríguez Calderón “el Bronco” sorprendió a la opinión pública al ganar la elección para gobernador de Nuevo León. En vísperas de finalizar el periodo de campaña, surgieron videos en YouTube señalando al “Bronco” como masón, adjudicándole toda una serie de mensajes religiosos, morales, políticos y sociales. Este artículo analiza los videos en el contexto de las percepciones sobre la masonería en México. Llego a la conclusión de que, debido al significado social e históricamente construido sobre la masonería en México, ha surgido una tendencia política y electoral antimasónica, con el fin de influir la intención del voto y manipular las percepciones sociales.<hr/>AbstractIn Mexico’s state elections of 2015, Jaime Rodríguez Calderón “Bronco” astounded the public by winning the election to become governor of Nuevo León. Near to the end of the campaign, some videos appeared on YouTube identifying “Bronco” as a mason, adjudicating a series of religious, moral, political and social messages. This article analyzes these videos in the context of the perceptions about masonry in Mexico. I conclude that given a social and historical construction of the meaning of masonry in Mexico, an antimasonic political and electoral trend has emerged, with the objective of influencing voter’s intentions and manipulating social perceptions. <![CDATA[<em>The Museum of Freemasonry of the Documentary Centre of Historical Memory of Salamanca</em>]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100247&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en ResumenDurante la Guerra Civil española, junto a otros proyectos museísticos, se proyectó la creación de un Museo de la Masonería, que tendría su sede, finalmente, en Salamanca. En este artículo, se trata de explicar sus orígenes, la historia de la formación de tan original colección y del edificio que la alberga, el Colegio de San Ambrosio. Además, por compartir sede con el Centro Documental de la Memoria Histórica, se da noticia de las primeras investigaciones de historia del arte realizadas en el Centro.<hr/>AbstractDuring the Spanish Civil War, at the same time that several museum projects were planned, the Masonic Museum was finally founded in Salamanca. This article explains the history of the Masonic Museum from its origins, the history of its collections, and the tale of its building, Saint Ambrose College. Additionally, this article reports on the first art history research conducted in the archive, which shares an office with the Documentary Center of Historical Memory. <![CDATA[Worlds of Print: The Moral Imagination of an Informed Citizenry, 1734-1835]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100261&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en AbstractThe researcher John P. Slifko has defended a thesis and finalized the full dissertation on November 15, 2015, entitled “Worlds of Print: The Moral Imagination of an Informed Citizenry, 1734-1835” at the University of California, Los Angeles in the United States of America. Proquest published the dissertation as a bound volume, Proquest number 3725224. John P. Slifko was born in 1950 in the United States of America. <![CDATA[Masonerías, intervencionismo y nacionalismo en México. De la segunda mitad del siglo XIX a los primeros años del XX]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100272&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en AbstractThe researcher John P. Slifko has defended a thesis and finalized the full dissertation on November 15, 2015, entitled “Worlds of Print: The Moral Imagination of an Informed Citizenry, 1734-1835” at the University of California, Los Angeles in the United States of America. Proquest published the dissertation as a bound volume, Proquest number 3725224. John P. Slifko was born in 1950 in the United States of America. <![CDATA[Mis hermanos me reconocen como tal. Las relaciones exteriores de la Gran Logia Soberana de Libres y Aceptados masones como elemento de afirmación de la identidad nacional puertorriqueña, 1885-1888]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100276&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en AbstractThe researcher John P. Slifko has defended a thesis and finalized the full dissertation on November 15, 2015, entitled “Worlds of Print: The Moral Imagination of an Informed Citizenry, 1734-1835” at the University of California, Los Angeles in the United States of America. Proquest published the dissertation as a bound volume, Proquest number 3725224. John P. Slifko was born in 1950 in the United States of America. <![CDATA[Contribución de la Universidad Masónica de Cuba (1955- 1961) a la educación superior en Cuba]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100281&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en AbstractThe researcher John P. Slifko has defended a thesis and finalized the full dissertation on November 15, 2015, entitled “Worlds of Print: The Moral Imagination of an Informed Citizenry, 1734-1835” at the University of California, Los Angeles in the United States of America. Proquest published the dissertation as a bound volume, Proquest number 3725224. John P. Slifko was born in 1950 in the United States of America. <![CDATA[Protofeminisme i maçoneria com a factor de canvi en l’Espanya contemporània (1868-1900)]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100286&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en AbstractThe researcher John P. Slifko has defended a thesis and finalized the full dissertation on November 15, 2015, entitled “Worlds of Print: The Moral Imagination of an Informed Citizenry, 1734-1835” at the University of California, Los Angeles in the United States of America. Proquest published the dissertation as a bound volume, Proquest number 3725224. John P. Slifko was born in 1950 in the United States of America. <![CDATA[Esoterismo y poder en Castilla y Aragón. Enrique de Villena y su <em>Tratado de la Fascinación</em> (1425) y <em>Tratado de Astrología</em> (1438)]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100289&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en AbstractThe researcher John P. Slifko has defended a thesis and finalized the full dissertation on November 15, 2015, entitled “Worlds of Print: The Moral Imagination of an Informed Citizenry, 1734-1835” at the University of California, Los Angeles in the United States of America. Proquest published the dissertation as a bound volume, Proquest number 3725224. John P. Slifko was born in 1950 in the United States of America. <![CDATA[<em>Congresso Internacional Lusófono sobre Esoterismo Ocidental</em> (Ciencias de las Religienes, Universidad Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologías, Lisboa, Portugal, 2016)]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100294&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en AbstractThe researcher John P. Slifko has defended a thesis and finalized the full dissertation on November 15, 2015, entitled “Worlds of Print: The Moral Imagination of an Informed Citizenry, 1734-1835” at the University of California, Los Angeles in the United States of America. Proquest published the dissertation as a bound volume, Proquest number 3725224. John P. Slifko was born in 1950 in the United States of America. <![CDATA[Congreso Internacional SocyHume: “De la Sociabilidad al Patrimonio Histórico y Cultural” (Centro Interdisciplinar de História, Culturas e Sociedades, Universidad de Évora, Portugal, 2016)]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100297&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en AbstractThe researcher John P. Slifko has defended a thesis and finalized the full dissertation on November 15, 2015, entitled “Worlds of Print: The Moral Imagination of an Informed Citizenry, 1734-1835” at the University of California, Los Angeles in the United States of America. Proquest published the dissertation as a bound volume, Proquest number 3725224. John P. Slifko was born in 1950 in the United States of America. <![CDATA[Aproximación a la masonería a través de sus lemas y divisas de José Antonio Ferrer Benimeli. Asturias: Editorial Masonica.es, 2016. 181 páginas. ISBN: 978-84-945356-7-3.]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100307&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en AbstractThe researcher John P. Slifko has defended a thesis and finalized the full dissertation on November 15, 2015, entitled “Worlds of Print: The Moral Imagination of an Informed Citizenry, 1734-1835” at the University of California, Los Angeles in the United States of America. Proquest published the dissertation as a bound volume, Proquest number 3725224. John P. Slifko was born in 1950 in the United States of America. <![CDATA[Antes de la batalla. Referencias sobre el acontecer en la vetusta ciudad de Zacatecas (agosto de 1910-junio de 1914) de Marco Antonio Flores Zavala. México: Conaculta, 2014. 475 páginas. ISBN 978-607-9087-38-8]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100311&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en AbstractThe researcher John P. Slifko has defended a thesis and finalized the full dissertation on November 15, 2015, entitled “Worlds of Print: The Moral Imagination of an Informed Citizenry, 1734-1835” at the University of California, Los Angeles in the United States of America. Proquest published the dissertation as a bound volume, Proquest number 3725224. John P. Slifko was born in 1950 in the United States of America. <![CDATA[De heeren broederkes van de moortelbak. 250 jaar vrijmetselarij in WestVlaanderen <em>.</em> Editado por Jeffrey Tyssens y Dominiek Dendooven. Bruselas: ASP, 2015. 200 páginas. ISBN 978-90-5718-437-6.]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100319&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en AbstractThe researcher John P. Slifko has defended a thesis and finalized the full dissertation on November 15, 2015, entitled “Worlds of Print: The Moral Imagination of an Informed Citizenry, 1734-1835” at the University of California, Los Angeles in the United States of America. Proquest published the dissertation as a bound volume, Proquest number 3725224. John P. Slifko was born in 1950 in the United States of America. <![CDATA[Tra squadra e compasso e sol dell´avvenire: Influenze massoniche sulla nascita del socialismo italiano de Marco Novarino Torino: Universita Popolare di Torino Editore, 2013. 356 págs. ISBN 978-88-96652-18-3]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100322&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en AbstractThe researcher John P. Slifko has defended a thesis and finalized the full dissertation on November 15, 2015, entitled “Worlds of Print: The Moral Imagination of an Informed Citizenry, 1734-1835” at the University of California, Los Angeles in the United States of America. Proquest published the dissertation as a bound volume, Proquest number 3725224. John P. Slifko was born in 1950 in the United States of America. <![CDATA[La invención de la Masonería. Revolución cultural: religión, ciencia y exilios de Dévrig Mollès. Buenos Aires: Editorial de la Universidad de la Plata, 2015. 165 páginas. ISBN: 978-987-1985-61-6]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100327&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en AbstractThe researcher John P. Slifko has defended a thesis and finalized the full dissertation on November 15, 2015, entitled “Worlds of Print: The Moral Imagination of an Informed Citizenry, 1734-1835” at the University of California, Los Angeles in the United States of America. Proquest published the dissertation as a bound volume, Proquest number 3725224. John P. Slifko was born in 1950 in the United States of America. <![CDATA[Brought to Light. Contemporary Freemasonry, Meaning and Society de James Scott Kenney. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. 2016. 308 páginas. ISBN-10: 1771121947. ISBN-13: 9781771121941]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100333&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en AbstractThe researcher John P. Slifko has defended a thesis and finalized the full dissertation on November 15, 2015, entitled “Worlds of Print: The Moral Imagination of an Informed Citizenry, 1734-1835” at the University of California, Los Angeles in the United States of America. Proquest published the dissertation as a bound volume, Proquest number 3725224. John P. Slifko was born in 1950 in the United States of America. <![CDATA[Imaginarios utópicos. Filosofía y literatura disidentes en Costa Rica (19041945) de Francisco Rodríguez Cascante. San José: Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica. 2015. 290 páginas. ISBN: 978-9968465915]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100339&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en AbstractThe researcher John P. Slifko has defended a thesis and finalized the full dissertation on November 15, 2015, entitled “Worlds of Print: The Moral Imagination of an Informed Citizenry, 1734-1835” at the University of California, Los Angeles in the United States of America. Proquest published the dissertation as a bound volume, Proquest number 3725224. John P. Slifko was born in 1950 in the United States of America. <![CDATA[Espectros de Nueva York de José Ricardo Chaves. San José: Editorial Costa Rica. 2015. 228 páginas. ISBN: 978-993051908.]]> http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42232017000100347&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en AbstractThe researcher John P. Slifko has defended a thesis and finalized the full dissertation on November 15, 2015, entitled “Worlds of Print: The Moral Imagination of an Informed Citizenry, 1734-1835” at the University of California, Los Angeles in the United States of America. Proquest published the dissertation as a bound volume, Proquest number 3725224. John P. Slifko was born in 1950 in the United States of America.